El-Ridy MS, Yehia SA, Kassem MAEM, Mostafa DM, Nasr EA, Asfour MH. Niosomal encapsulation of ethambutol hydrochloride for increasing its efficacy and safety.
Drug Deliv 2013;
22:21-36. [PMID:
24359403 DOI:
10.3109/10717544.2013.868556]
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Abstract
CONTEXT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide health concern. In 2011, about 8.7 million new cases developed TB and 1.4 million people died from it.
OBJECTIVE
Enhancement of ethambutol hydrochloride activity and safety in treatment of TB through niosomal encapsulation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Niosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. They were characterized, investigated for in vitro release, lung disposition and in vivo biological evaluation.
RESULTS
Entrapment efficiency of ethambutol hydrochloride ranged from 12.20% to 25.81%. Zeta potential values inferred stability of neutral and negatively charged formulations. In vitro release was biphasic. Lung targeting was increased by niosomal encapsulation. Biological evaluation revealed superiority of niosomal ethambutol hydrochloride over the free drug.
DISCUSSION
Neutral and negatively charged niosomal vesicles are dispersed homogenously unlike positively charged vesicles. Niosomal encapsulation results in controlled drug release. Niosomal formulations targeted more drugs to mice lungs for a prolonged period of time resulting in: decreased root-specific lung weight, bacterial counts in lung homogenates and optimizing pathological effect on guinea pigs lungs, livers and spleens.
CONCLUSION
Encapsulation of ethambutol hydrochloride in niosomal formulations for the treatment of TB provides higher efficacy and safety compared with the free drug.
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