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Rayan M, Shadafny S, Falah A, Falah M, Abu-Lafi S, Asli S, Rayan A. A Novel Docetaxel-Biotin Chemical Conjugate for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030961. [PMID: 35164226 PMCID: PMC8839329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel conjugate of docetaxel and biotin (designated as IDD-1010) was designed and chemically synthesized via an ester linkage at position 2’ carbon in docetaxel. The synthesized pure IDD-1010 exhibits a potent anti-cancer activity in in vitro and in vivo studies. At 10 nM, IDD-1010 has induced increased apoptosis and mitotic arrest of PC3-Luc prostate cancer cells, causing aneuploidy and cell death at higher concentrations. Toxicology studies indicate that the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of IDD-1010 is 150 mg/kg in mice; equivalent to about 12.2 mg/kg of body weight, or to about an 850 mg dose for a patient weighing 70 kg. The MTD-treated mice exhibited weight gain similar to that of the control group, with no gross pathological signs at 14 days post-dosing. At a lower dose, IDD-1010 treatment did not lead to any significant weight loss in mice, although decreased the tumor volume stemming from injecting cancer cells into the dorsal loop of mouse prostate, and it was found to be more potent than Paclitaxel (reference drug). Similarly, IDD-1010 treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and thereby increased the percentage of mice survival as compared to reference drug-treated and control groups. To summarize, the described experiments using IDD-1010, as compared to the reference drug, strongly suggest a potential treatment utility with a wider therapeutic window for prostate cancer. Henceforth, clinical research on such a novel drug candidate would be greatly worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel;
| | - Seba Shadafny
- R&D Department, IDD Therapeutics LTD, Nazareth 1711102, Israel;
- Chemistry Education Branch, Iksal Comprehensive School, Iksal 16920, Israel
| | - Adam Falah
- Science Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Mizied Falah
- Institute for Medical Research, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth 16000, Israel;
| | - Saleh Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies 144, Palestine;
| | - Sare Asli
- The Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 2020, Israel;
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel;
- R&D Department, IDD Therapeutics LTD, Nazareth 1711102, Israel;
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Bashkin A, Ghanim M, Abu-Farich B, Rayan M, Miari R, Srouji S, Rayan A, Falah M. Forty-One Plant Extracts Screened for Dual Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Functions: Evaluating the Types of Correlation between -Amylase Inhibition and Free Radical Scavenging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020317. [PMID: 33435419 PMCID: PMC7827760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis followed by chronic hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease spreading as a worldwide pandemic for which there is no satisfactory dietary treatment or cure. The development of glucose-controlling drugs that can prevent complications of DM, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, which contribute to the impairment of the key physiological processes in the body, is of grave importance. In pursuit of this goal, this study screened 41 plant extracts for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by employing assays to test for α-amylase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and by measuring glucose uptake in L6-GLUT4myc cells. While extracts of Rhus coriaria, Punica granatum, Olea europaea, Pelargonium spp., Stevia rebaudiana, and Petroselinum crispum demonstrated significant α-amylase inhibition, the extracts of Rhus coriaria and Pelargonium spp. also demonstrated increased FRSA, and the extract of Rhus coriaria stimulated glucose uptake. These natural extracts, which are believed to have fewer side effects because they are prepared from edible plants, interfere with the process in the small intestine that breaks down dietary carbohydrates into monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives, and thereby suppress increases in diet-induced blood glucose; hence, they may have clinical value for type 2 diabetes management. The Pelargonium spp. and Rhus coriaria extracts demonstrated the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Both plants may offer valuable medical benefits, especially because they can be taken as dietary supplements by patients with diabetes and can serve as sources of new, natural-based antidiabetic drug candidates. The enhancement of cellular glucose uptake stimulated by Rhus coriaria extract could lead to the development of clinical applications that regulate blood glucose levels from within the circulatory system. Isolating bioactive substances from these plant extracts and testing them in diabetic mice will significantly advance the development of natural drugs that have both antidiabetic and free radical-scavenging properties, likely with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bashkin
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Manar Ghanim
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Basheer Abu-Farich
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Reem Miari
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Samer Srouji
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Mizied Falah
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
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Abu-Lafi S, Rayan M, Masalha M, Abu-Farich B, Al-Jaas H, Abu-Lafi M, Rayan A. Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Wild Scolymus maculatus L. Medicines (Basel) 2019; 6:medicines6020053. [PMID: 31052242 PMCID: PMC6630450 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The wild population of spotted golden thistle, Scolymus maculatus, which belongs to the Compositae family, is believed to be one of the multi-curative wild plants mentioned in Flora Palaestina. This study aims to disclose the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of wild S. maculatus collected from the farms of Kabul, a village in northwest Galilee, for the first time. Methods: The phytochemical components of crude S. maculatus extracts from methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were separated and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) mode. The free radical scavenging of the plant extracts was measured by DPPH assay. The microdilution test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different S. maculatus extracts and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Results: Thirty-two phytochemicals were found in S. maculatus extracts including stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, lupeol, lupeol acetate, and β-amyrin. Phytochemicals, such as 2-linoleoylglycerol, γ-sitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol, (3α)-12-oleanen-3-yl acetate, and lupenyl acetate, were found to dominate the methanol extract. Most of these compounds were also observed in ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, but at different levels, in addition to some other minor compounds. The various extracts were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic and the methanolic extracts were shown to exhibit the highest free radical scavenging by DPPH assay with a half-maximally effective concentration (EC50) of 0.37 and 0.65 mg/mL respectively, while the other three extracts (aqueous, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) were less active and their EC50 (effective concentration at which DPPH radical was scavenged by 50%) were above 1.0 mg/mL. Moreover, MICs were determined to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans microorganisms. Ethyl acetate and the ethanolic extracts are active against the three types of microorganisms at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg/mL, while aqueous and the n-hexane extracts are inactive against Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusions: The results show that S. maculatus extracts are a rich source of compounds that can play an important role in human health, and in a broader context, in the treatment of various diseases, such antimicrobial and antioxidant-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies 144, Palestine.
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Ghrabiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Mahmud Masalha
- QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Ghrabiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Basheer Abu-Farich
- QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Ghrabiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Hashem Al-Jaas
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramallah 4284, Palestine.
| | - Malek Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies 144, Palestine.
| | - Anwar Rayan
- QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Ghrabiah 30100, Israel.
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, the Institute of Applied Research - Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel.
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Rayan M, Abdallah Z, Abu-Lafi S, Masalha M, Rayan A. Indexing Natural Products for their Antifungal Activity by Filters-based Approach: Disclosure of Discriminative Properties. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:235-242. [DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181017100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: A considerable worldwide increase in the rate of invasive fungal infections
and resistance toward antifungal drugs was witnessed during the past few decades. Therefore, the need
for newer antifungal candidates is paramount. Nature has been the core source of therapeutics for thousands
of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs including antifungals were derived from
natural sources. In order to facilitate the recognition of potential candidates that can be derived from
natural sources, an iterative stochastic elimination optimization technique to index natural products for
their antifungal activity was utilized.
Methods:
A set of 240 FDA-approved antifungal drugs, which represent the active domain, and a set of
2,892 natural products, which represent the inactive domain, were used to construct predictive models
and to index natural products for their antifungal bioactivity. The area under the curve for the produced
predictive model was 0.89. When applying it to a database that is composed of active/inactive chemicals,
we succeeded to detect 42% of the actives (antifungal drugs) in the top one percent of the screened
chemicals, compared with one-percent when using a random model.
Results and Conclusion:
Eight natural products, which were highly scored as likely antifungal drugs,
are disclosed. Searching PubMed showed only one molecule (Flindersine) out of the eight that have
been tested was reported as an antifungal. The other seven phytochemicals await evaluation for their
antifungal bioactivity in a wet laboratory.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
| | - Ziyad Abdallah
- Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
| | - Saleh Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Mahmud Masalha
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC - Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
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Masalha M, Abu-Lafi S, Abu-Farich B, Rayan M, Issa N, Zeidan M, Rayan A. A New Approach for Indexing Honey for Its Heath/Medicinal Benefits: Visualization of the Concept by Indexing Based on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5:medicines5040135. [PMID: 30562950 PMCID: PMC6313337 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The goals of the current study were to address a new concept termed a health benefits' index (HBI) and to verify the type of correlation between the pricing of honey and its HBI/medicinal properties. Diverse types of honey from different origins and places were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Methods: We have utilized a modified protocol of the DPPH assay for measuring free radical scavenging and the microdilution test for the determination of antibacterial/antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). MICs were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans microorganisms. Employing a "combined benefits approach" enabled us to attach to each honey type a unique number of HBI that correlate with honey health and medicinal values. Results: The various types of honey demonstrated significant but variable antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Types of wildflower-labeled honey were found to have a wide range of HBI values and medicinal properties, probably due to their containing different nectar contents/phytochemicals. Moreover, an inconsiderable correlation was detected between the market prices of different types of honey and their HBIs. Conclusions: The proposed index of health benefits could be recalculated/updated following measurement of more and more medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. This index could be used as an effective tool for consumers of honey to evaluate the real value of the purchased product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Masalha
- Laboratory of Microbiology, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Saleh Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies 144, Palestine.
| | - Basheer Abu-Farich
- QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Nael Issa
- Science Education Department, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Mouhammad Zeidan
- Molecular Genetics and Virology Laboratory, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
- Institute of Applied Research-Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel.
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Masalha M, Rayan M, Adawi A, Abdallah Z, Rayan A. Capturing antibacterial natural products with in silico techniques. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:763-770. [PMID: 29845192 PMCID: PMC6059704 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to index natural products in order to facilitate the discovery of less expensive antibacterial therapeutic drugs. Thus, for modeling purposes, the present study utilized a set of 628 antibacterial drugs, representing the active domain, and 2,892 natural products, representing the inactive domain. In addition, using the iterative stochastic elimination algorithm, 36 unique filters were identified, which were then used to construct a highly discriminative and robust model tailored to index natural products for their antibacterial bioactivity. The area attained under the curve was 0.957, indicating a highly discriminative and robust prediction model. Utilizing the proposed model to virtually screen a mixed set of active and inactive substances enabled the present study to capture 72% of the antibacterial drugs in the top 1% of the sample, yielding an enrichment factor of 72. In total, 10 natural products that scored highly as antibacterial drug candidates with the proposed indexing model were reported. PubMed searches revealed that 2 molecules out of the 10 (caffeine and ricinine) have been tested and identified as showing antibacterial activity. The other 8 phytochemicals await experimental evaluation. Due to the efficiency and rapidity of the proposed prediction model, it could be applied to the virtual screening of large chemical databases to facilitate the drug discovery and development processes for antibacterial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Masalha
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC‑Qasemi Research Center, Al‑Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL‑Garbiah 30100, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research‑Galilee Society, Shefa‑Amr 20200, Israel
| | - Azmi Adawi
- Institute of Applied Research‑Galilee Society, Shefa‑Amr 20200, Israel
| | - Ziyad Abdallah
- Institute of Applied Research‑Galilee Society, Shefa‑Amr 20200, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC‑Qasemi Research Center, Al‑Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL‑Garbiah 30100, Israel
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Zeidan M, Rayan M, Zeidan N, Falah M, Rayan A. Indexing Natural Products for Their Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity: Filtering and Mapping Discriminative Physicochemical Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091563. [PMID: 28926980 PMCID: PMC6151781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major health problem, for which there is an unmet need to develop novel drugs. The application of in silico techniques and optimization algorithms is instrumental to achieving this goal. A set of 97 approved anti-diabetic drugs, representing the active domain, and a set of 2892 natural products, representing the inactive domain, were used to construct predictive models and to index anti-diabetic bioactivity. Our recently-developed approach of ‘iterative stochastic elimination’ was utilized. This article describes a highly discriminative and robust model, with an area under the curve above 0.96. Using the indexing model and a mix ratio of 1:1000 (active/inactive), 65% of the anti-diabetic drugs in the sample were captured in the top 1% of the screened compounds, compared to 1% in the random model. Some of the natural products that scored highly as potential anti-diabetic drug candidates are disclosed. One of those natural products is caffeine, which is noted in the scientific literature as having the capability to decrease blood glucose levels. The other nine phytochemicals await evaluation in a wet lab for their anti-diabetic activity. The indexing model proposed herein is useful for the virtual screening of large chemical databases and for the construction of anti-diabetes focused libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhammad Zeidan
- Molecular Genetics and Virology Laboratory, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research-Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel.
| | - Nuha Zeidan
- Clalit Health Service, Diet and Nutrition Unit, P.O. Box 789, Arara 30026, Israel.
| | - Mizied Falah
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research-Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel.
- Drug Discovery Informatics Laboratory, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel.
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P Selwanos P, Ali Soliman M, Beshay Mena M, Samaan A, Rayan M. P2075Late diastolic longitudinal strain rate: a powerful easy marker for non viable myocardium. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pappalardo M, Rayan M, Abu-Lafi S, Leonardi ME, Milardi D, Guccione S, Rayan A. Homology-based Modeling of Rhodopsin-like Family Members in the Inactive State: Structural Analysis and Deduction of Tips for Modeling and Optimization. Mol Inform 2017; 36. [PMID: 28375549 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modeling G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) is an emergent field of research, since utility of high-quality models in receptor structure-based strategies might facilitate the discovery of interesting drug candidates. The findings from a quantitative analysis of eighteen resolved structures of rhodopsin family "A" receptors crystallized with antagonists and 153 pairs of structures are described. A strategy termed endeca-amino acids fragmentation was used to analyze the structures models aiming to detect the relationship between sequence identity and Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) at each trans-membrane-domain. Moreover, we have applied the leave-one-out strategy to study the shiftiness likelihood of the helices. The type of correlation between sequence identity and RMSD was studied using the aforementioned set receptors as representatives of membrane proteins and 98 serine proteases with 4753 pairs of structures as representatives of globular proteins. Data analysis using fragmentation strategy revealed that there is some extent of correlation between sequence identity and global RMSD of 11AA width windows. However, spatial conservation is not always close to the endoplasmic side as was reported before. A comparative study with globular proteins shows that GPCRs have higher standard deviation and higher slope in the graph with correlation between sequence identity and RMSD. The extracted information disclosed in this paper could be incorporated in the modeling protocols while using technique for model optimization and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pappalardo
- Department of Drug Sciences.,Department of Chemical Sciences -, University of Catania -, V.le A.Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research - Galilee Society, Galeel street, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel
| | - Saleh Abu-Lafi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies, Palestine
| | | | - Danilo Milardi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via. P. Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Anwar Rayan
- Institute of Applied Research - Galilee Society, Galeel street, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel.,Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, Qasemi-Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah, 30100, Israel
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Solomon SD, Greaves SC, Rayan M, Finn P, Pfeffer MA, Pfeffer JM. Temporal dissociation of left ventricular function and remodeling following experimental myocardial infarction in rats. J Card Fail 1999; 5:213-23. [PMID: 10496194 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-9164(99)90006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular function early after myocardial infarction (MI) predicts subsequent clinical outcome. Nevertheless, the relationship between early changes in left ventricular function and subsequent left ventricular remodeling has not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS To explore the temporal relationship between left ventricular function and remodeling after MI, rats (n = 63) underwent coronary artery ligation with and without reperfusion at 45 or 180 minutes or a sham operation. All animals were followed up by serial echocardiography preligation; 4, 24, and 48 hours; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 weeks after MI. Measures of global left ventricular size and function and regional wall motion were obtained at physiological heart rates. Histological infarct sizes (range, 0% to 52%) were determined in all animals. Within 4 hours of MI, fractional area change (FAC) decreased dramatically in association with an increase in left ventricular systolic cavity area, whereas diastolic area increased more gradually. Early FAC was related to infarct size (r = -0.82; P < .000), predicted the extent of left ventricular enlargement (P = .0001), and remained depressed throughout the duration of follow-up. Regional wall motion excursion and systolic wall thickness decreased in the infarcted and noninfarcted regions in animals with large infarctions. CONCLUSIONS The rate of left ventricular dilatation after MI in rats is proportional to initial left ventricular function, although left ventricular function remains relatively constant as the ventricle progressively enlarges. Regional myocardial function after a large MI is abnormal in noninfarcted as well as infarcted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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