1
|
Farjad M, Clément G, Launay A, Jeridi R, Jolivet S, Citerne S, Rigault M, Soulie M, Dinant S, Fagard M. Plant nitrate supply regulates Erwinia amylovora virulence gene expression in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Pathol 2021; 22:1332-1346. [PMID: 34382308 PMCID: PMC8518577 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that nitrogen (N) limitation decreases Arabidopsis resistance to Erwinia amylovora (Ea). We show that decreased resistance to bacteria in low N is correlated with lower apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lower jasmonic acid (JA) pathway expression. Consistently, pretreatment with methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) increased the resistance of plants grown under low N. In parallel, we show that in planta titres of a nonvirulent type III secretion system (T3SS)-deficient Ea mutant were lower than those of wildtype Ea in low N, as expected, but surprisingly not in high N. This lack of difference in high N was consistent with the low expression of the T3SS-encoding hrp virulence genes by wildtype Ea in plants grown in high N compared to plants grown in low N. This suggests that expressing its virulence factors in planta could be a major limiting factor for Ea in the nonhost Arabidopsis. To test this hypothesis, we preincubated Ea in an inducing medium that triggers expression of hrp genes in vitro, prior to inoculation. This preincubation strongly enhanced Ea titres in planta, independently of the plant N status, and was correlated to a significant repression of JA-dependent genes. Finally, we identify two clusters of metabolites associated with resistance or with susceptibility to Ea. Altogether, our data showed that high susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Ea, under low N or following preincubation in hrp-inducing medium, is correlated with high expression of the Ea hrp genes in planta and low expression of the JA signalling pathway, and is correlated with the accumulation of specific metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Farjad
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Alban Launay
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Roua Jeridi
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
- Laboratoire des Risques Liés Aux Stress EnvironnementauxFaculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de CarthageBizerteTunisia
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Martine Rigault
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Marie‐Christine Soulie
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06ParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duport C, Madeira JP, Farjad M, Alpha-Bazin B, Armengaud J. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Contribute to Anaerobic Fermentative Metabolism in Bacillus cereus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050819. [PMID: 34065610 PMCID: PMC8161402 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide (Met(O)) is a common posttranslational modification occurring on proteins in all organisms under oxic conditions. Protein-bound Met(O) is reduced by methionine sulfoxide reductases, which thus play a significant antioxidant role. The facultative anaerobe Bacillus cereus produces two methionine sulfoxide reductases: MsrA and MsrAB. MsrAB has been shown to play a crucial physiological role under oxic conditions, but little is known about the role of MsrA. Here, we examined the antioxidant role of both MsrAB and MrsA under fermentative anoxic conditions, which are generally reported to elicit little endogenous oxidant stress. We created single- and double-mutant Δmsr strains. Compared to the wild-type and ΔmsrAB mutant, single- (ΔmsrA) and double- (ΔmsrAΔmsrAB) mutants accumulated higher levels of Met(O) proteins, and their cellular and extracellular Met(O) proteomes were altered. The growth capacity and motility of mutant strains was limited, and their energy metabolism was altered. MsrA therefore appears to play a major physiological role compared to MsrAB, placing methionine sulfoxides at the center of the B. cereus antioxidant system under anoxic fermentative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duport
- Département de Biologie, Avignon Université, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, F-84914 Avignon, France; (J.-P.M.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-432-722-507
| | - Jean-Paul Madeira
- Département de Biologie, Avignon Université, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, F-84914 Avignon, France; (J.-P.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Mahsa Farjad
- Département de Biologie, Avignon Université, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, F-84914 Avignon, France; (J.-P.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France; (B.A.-B.); (J.A.)
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France; (B.A.-B.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zarattini M, Farjad M, Launay A, Cannella D, Soulié MC, Bernacchia G, Fagard M. Every cloud has a silver lining: how abiotic stresses affect gene expression in plant-pathogen interactions. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1020-1033. [PMID: 33188434 PMCID: PMC7904152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental and climate changes are having a pronounced influence on the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions, further highlighting the fact that abiotic stresses strongly affect biotic interactions at various levels. For instance, physiological parameters such as plant architecture and tissue organization together with primary and specialized metabolism are affected by environmental constraints, and these combine to make an individual plant either a more or less suitable host for a given pathogen. In addition, abiotic stresses can affect the timely expression of plant defense and pathogen virulence. Indeed, several studies have shown that variations in temperature, and in water and mineral nutrient availability affect the expression of plant defense genes. The expression of virulence genes, known to be crucial for disease outbreak, is also affected by environmental conditions, potentially modifying existing pathosystems and paving the way for emerging pathogens. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the impact of abiotic stress on biotic interactions at the transcriptional level in both the plant and the pathogen side of the interaction. We also perform a metadata analysis of four different combinations of abiotic and biotic stresses, which identifies 197 common modulated genes with strong enrichment in Gene Ontology terms related to defense . We also describe the multistress-specific responses of selected defense-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zarattini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit – Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP150, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahsa Farjad
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Alban Launay
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit – Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP150, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Soulié
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UFR 927, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zarattini M, Launay A, Farjad M, Wénès E, Taconnat L, Boutet S, Bernacchia G, Fagard M. The bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in Arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:540-554. [PMID: 27085087 PMCID: PMC6638291 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. As the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. One mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. By exogenous application, 'plant activator molecules' with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. These defence-inducing molecules represent a powerful and often environmentally friendly tool to fight pathogens. We show that the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) induces defence in Arabidopsis and reduces the proliferation of two bacterial phytopathogens: Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. We describe the global defence response triggered by this new plant activator in Arabidopsis at the transcriptional level. Several induced genes were selected for further analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We describe the kinetics of their induction and show that abiotic stress, such as moderate drought or nitrogen limitation, does not impede DCA induction of defence. Finally, we investigate the role in the activation of defence by this bile acid of the salicylic acid biosynthesis gene SID2, of the receptor-like kinase family genes WAK1-3 and of the NADPH oxidase-encoding RbohD gene. Altogether, we show that DCA constitutes a promising molecule for plant protection which can induce complementary lines of defence, such as callose deposition, reactive oxygen species accumulation and the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zarattini
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
- Department of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy
| | - Alban Launay
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
- Université Paris‐Sud, U. Paris‐SaclayOrsay91405France
| | - Mahsa Farjad
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
| | - Estelle Wénès
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
| | - Ludivine Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences – Paris‐Saclay, INRA, CNRSU. Paris‐Sud, U. Paris‐SaclayOrsay91405France
| | - Stéphanie Boutet
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginUMR 1318, INRA, AgroParistech, ERL CNRS 3559, U. Paris‐Saclay, RD10VersaillesF‐78026France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fagard M, Launay A, Clément G, Courtial J, Dellagi A, Farjad M, Krapp A, Soulié MC, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen metabolism meets phytopathology. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:5643-56. [PMID: 25080088 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life and is a major limiting factor of plant growth. Because soils frequently lack sufficient N, large quantities of inorganic N fertilizers are added to soils for crop production. However, nitrate, urea, and ammonium are a major source of global pollution, because much of the N that is not taken up by plants enters streams, groundwater, and lakes, where it affects algal production and causes an imbalance in aquatic food webs. Many agronomical data indicate that the higher use of N fertilizers during the green revolution had an impact on the incidence of crop diseases. In contrast, examples in which a decrease in N fertilization increases disease severity are also reported, indicating that there is a complex relationship linking N uptake and metabolism and the disease infection processes. Thus, although it is clear that N availability affects disease, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge of the mechanisms that link plant N status to the plant's response to pathogen infection and to the virulence and nutritional status of phytopathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Fagard
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alban Launay
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Julia Courtial
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Mahsa Farjad
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Krapp
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Christine Soulié
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|