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Sriramareddy SN, Jamakhani M, Vilanova L, Brossel H, Staumont B, Hamaidia M. Selective inhibition of DNA ligase IV provides additional efficacy to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323313. [PMID: 38380364 PMCID: PMC10876873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is low (2.5% of thyroid cancer cases), this cancer has a very poor prognosis (survival rates < 5 months) and accounts for 14-39% of deaths. Conventional therapies based on surgery in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy showed limited effectiveness primarily due to the robust and protective DNA damage response in thyroid cancer cells. Methods We used single-cell transcriptomic data from patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer to study expression of genes involved in homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Then, we investigated the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in anaplastic (C643 and Hth74) and papillary (TPC-1) thyroid cancer cell lines. The effect of caffeine (inhibitor of ATM and ATR) and UCN-01 (CHK1 inhibitor) was evaluated in cell cycle progression of thyroid cancer cells after γ-radiation or doxorubicin treatment. The DNA damage response was monitored after staining of phosphorylated γ-H2AX and 53BP1. Reporter plasmids were used to determine the efficacy of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) repair by HR and NHEJ in thyroid cancer cells. We evaluated the combination of selective inhibition of the DNA ligase IV by SCR7 and doxorubicin on cellular apoptosis and tumor growth in xenograft murine models of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Results Single-cell RNA-Seq showed that NHEJ- and HR-related genes are expressed in ATC and PTC patients. We showed that ATC cells undergo mitosis in the presence of unrepaired DNA damage caused by γ-radiation and doxorubicin treatment. To proliferate and survive, these cells efficiently repair DNA lesions using homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The combination of SCR7 with doxorubicin, significantly increased apoptosis and impaired ATC tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model compared to doxorubicin monotherapy. Conclusion This study shows the therapeutic value of the combination of a DNA ligase IV inhibitor and DNA-damaging agents (doxorubicin and/or γ-radiation) for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Neelature Sriramareddy
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Majeed Jamakhani
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Léa Vilanova
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hélène Brossel
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Staumont
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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2
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Willems M, Scherpereel A, Wasielewski E, Raskin J, Brossel H, Fontaine A, Grégoire M, Halkin L, Jamakhani M, Heinen V, Louis R, Duysinx B, Hamaidia M, Willems L. Excess of blood eosinophils prior to therapy correlates with worse prognosis in mesothelioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148798. [PMID: 37026006 PMCID: PMC10070849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Only a fraction of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) will respond to chemo- or immunotherapy. For the majority, the condition will irremediably relapse after 13 to 18 months. In this study, we hypothesized that patients' outcome could be correlated to their immune cell profile. Focus was given to peripheral blood eosinophils that, paradoxically, can both promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the cancer type. Methods The characteristics of 242 patients with histologically proven MPM were retrospectively collected in three centers. Characteristics included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The mean absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) were determined by averaging AEC data sets of the last month preceding the administration of chemo- or immunotherapy. Results An optimal cutoff of 220 eosinophils/µL of blood segregated the cohort into two groups with significantly different median OS after chemotherapy (14 and 29 months above and below the threshold, p = 0.0001). The corresponding two-year OS rates were 28% and 55% in the AEC ≥ 220/µL and AEC < 220/µL groups, respectively. Based on shorter median PFS (8 vs 17 months, p < 0.0001) and reduced DCR (55.9% vs 35.2% at 6 months), the response to standard chemotherapy was significantly affected in the AEC ≥ 220/µL subset. Similar conclusions were also drawn from data sets of patients receiving immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy. Conclusion In conclusion, baseline AEC ≥ 220/µL preceding therapy is associated with worse outcome and quicker relapse in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Willems
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, (CHU Lille) and INSERM (ONCOTHAI), Lille, France
| | - Eric Wasielewski
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, (CHU Lille) and INSERM (ONCOTHAI), Lille, France
| | - Jo Raskin
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hélène Brossel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Alexis Fontaine
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Grégoire
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Louise Halkin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Majeed Jamakhani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Vincent Heinen
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Duysinx
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA at University of Liege), Sart-Tilman, Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Luc Willems,
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3
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Abdala A, Alvarez I, Brossel H, Calvinho L, Carignano H, Franco L, Gazon H, Gillissen C, Hamaidia M, Hoyos C, Jacques JR, Joris T, Laval F, Petersen M, Porquet F, Porta N, Ruiz V, Safari R, Suárez Archilla G, Trono K, Willems L. BLV: lessons on vaccine development. Retrovirology 2019; 16:26. [PMID: 31590667 PMCID: PMC6781361 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against retroviruses is a challenge because of their ability to stably integrate into the host genome, undergo long-term latency in a proportion of infected cells and thereby escape immune response. Since clearance of the virus is almost impossible once infection is established, the primary goal is to achieve sterilizing immunity. Besides efficacy, safety is the major issue since vaccination has been associated with increased infection or reversion to pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the different issues that we faced during the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV). We summarize the historical failures of inactivated vaccines, the efficacy and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine and the economical constraints of further industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Abdala
- Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Hélène Brossel
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Luis Calvinho
- Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Hugo Carignano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Franco
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Hélène Gazon
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christelle Gillissen
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Hoyos
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Rock Jacques
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thomas Joris
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Florent Laval
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marcos Petersen
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Florent Porquet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Natalia Porta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium. .,Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) of University of Liège (ULiège), B34, 1 avenue de l'Hôpital, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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Hamaidia M, Gazon H, Hoyos C, Hoffmann GB, Louis R, Duysinx B, Willems L. Inhibition of EZH2 methyltransferase decreases immunoediting of mesothelioma cells by autologous macrophages through a PD-1-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128474. [PMID: 31534051 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of macrophages in orchestrating innate immunity through phagocytosis and T lymphocyte activation have been extensively investigated. Much less understood is the unexpected role of macrophages in direct tumor regression. Tumoricidal macrophages can indeed manifest cancer immunoediting activity in the absence of adaptive immunity. We investigated direct macrophage cytotoxicity in malignant pleural mesothelioma, a lethal cancer that develops from mesothelial cells of the pleural cavity after occupational asbestos exposure. In particular, we analyzed the cytotoxic activity of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages upon cell-cell contact with autologous AB1/AB12 mesothelioma cells. We show that macrophages killed mesothelioma cells by oxeiptosis via a mechanism involving enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3 lysine 27-specific (H3K27-specific) methyltransferase of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). A selective inhibitor of EZH2 indeed impaired RAW264.7-directed cytotoxicity and concomitantly stimulated the PD-1 immune checkpoint. In the immunocompetent BALB/c model, RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with the EZH2 inhibitor failed to control tumor growth of AB1 and AB12 mesothelioma cells. Blockade of PD-1 engagement restored macrophage-dependent antitumor activity. We conclude that macrophages can be directly cytotoxic for mesothelioma cells independent of phagocytosis. Inhibition of the PRC2 EZH2 methyltransferase reduces this activity because of PD-1 overexpression. Combination of PD-1 blockade and EZH2 inhibition restores macrophage cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée [GIGA]), Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hélène Gazon
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée [GIGA]), Liège, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Hoyos
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée [GIGA]), Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Brunsting Hoffmann
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée [GIGA]), Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Duysinx
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée [GIGA]), Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
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5
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Hamaidia M, Hoyos C, Willems LL. Abstract 3800: Inhibition of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 EZH2 lysine methyltransferase improves tumoricidal activity of macrophages towards mesothelioma cells. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale: Clinical evidence indicates that tumor infiltration by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma (MM). By attenuating the immune response, TAMs indeed promote survival of MM cells. TAMs share properties with alternative macrophages (M2) that are activated by anti-inflammatory (e.g. IL-10) or Th2-associated (i.e. IL-4, IL-13) cytokines.
Objectives: We hypothesized that macrophage activation is mediated by a transcriptional program tightly regulated by epigenetic modifications. We focused on the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) EZH2 lysine methyltransferase responsible for trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). We investigated the effect of a selective EZH2 inhibitor (EPZ005687) on tumoricidal activity of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Results: Our data show that inhibition of EZH2 reduces CD206 expression and phagocytic activity of macrophages conditioned in MM pleural effusions (PE-macrophages). Moreover, EZH2 inhibition enhances the cytotoxic potential of PE-macrophages towards MM cells. Inhibition of EZH2 also increases the ability of macrophages to support proliferation of autologous T-cells.
Conclusion: Induction of cytotoxic activity of PE-macrophages via PRC2 EZH2 lysine methyltransferase could be of therapeutic value in MM.
Citation Format: Malik Hamaidia, Clotilde Hoyos, Luc L. Willems. Inhibition of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 EZH2 lysine methyltransferase improves tumoricidal activity of macrophages towards mesothelioma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Hamaidia
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Hoyos
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc L. Willems
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Gembloux, Belgium
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Gazon H, Chauhan P, Hamaidia M, Hoyos C, Li L, Safari R, Willems L. How Does HTLV-1 Undergo Oncogene-Dependent Replication Despite a Strong Immune Response? Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2684. [PMID: 29379479 PMCID: PMC5775241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1987, Mitsuaki Yoshida proposed the following model (Yoshida and Seiki, 1987): “... T-cells activated through the endogenous p40x would express viral antigens including the envelope glycoproteins which are exposed on the cell surface. These glycoproteins are targets of host immune surveillance, as is evidenced by the cytotoxic effects of anti-envelope antibodies or patient sera. Eventually all cells expressing the viral antigens, that is, all cells driven by the p40x would be rejected by the host. Only those cells that did not express the viral antigens would survive. Later, these antigen-negative infected cells would begin again to express viral antigens, including p40x, thus entering into the second cycle of cell propagation. These cycles would be repeated in so-called healthy virus carriers for 20 or 30 years or longer....” Three decades later, accumulated experimental facts particularly on intermittent viral transcription and regulation by the host immune response appear to prove that Yoshida was right. This Hypothesis and Theory summarizes the evidences that support this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gazon
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pradeep Chauhan
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Hoyos
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lin Li
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liège, Belgium.,Molecular Biology, TERRA, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
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Safari R, Hamaidia M, de Brogniez A, Gillet N, Willems L. Cis-drivers and trans-drivers of bovine leukemia virus oncogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:15-19. [PMID: 28753440 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus inducing an asymptomatic and persistent infection in ruminants and leading in a minority of cases to the accumulation of B-lymphocytes (lymphocytosis, leukemia or lymphoma). Although the mechanisms of oncogenesis are still largely unknown, there is clear experimental evidence showing that BLV infection drastically modifies the pattern of gene expression of the host cell. This alteration of the transcriptome in infected B-lymphocytes results first, from a direct activity of viral proteins (i.e. transactivation of gene promoters, protein-protein interactions), second, from insertional mutagenesis by proviral integration (cis-activation) and third, from gene silencing by microRNAs. Expression of viral proteins stimulates a vigorous immune response that indirectly modifies gene transcription in other cell types (e.g. cytotoxic T-cells, auxiliary T-cells, macrophages). In principle, insertional mutagenesis and microRNA-associated RNA interference can modify the cell fate without inducing an antiviral immunity. Despite a tight control by the immune response, the permanent attempts of the virus to replicate ultimately induce mutations in the infected cell. Accumulation of these genomic lesions and Darwinian selection of tumor clones are predicted to lead to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), 1 allée de l'Hôpital, B34 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), 1 allée de l'Hôpital, B34 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Alix de Brogniez
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), 1 allée de l'Hôpital, B34 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), 1 allée de l'Hôpital, B34 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), 1 allée de l'Hôpital, B34 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Molecular Biology, Gemboux Agro-Bio Tech, 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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8
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Hamaidia M, Staumont B, Duysinx B, Louis R, Willems L. Improvement of malignant pleural mesothelioma immunotherapy by epigenetic modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:777-87. [PMID: 26303419 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150825141152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a satisfactory treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Among these, immunotherapy offers a series of advantages such as tumor specificity and good tolerability. Unfortunately, MPM immunotherapy is frequently limited by incomplete cell differentiation or feedback loop regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we describe different components of the innate immune system and discuss strategies to improve MPM immunotherapy by using epigenetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luc Willems
- Department of AgroBioChem, University of Liege, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Gillet N, Hamaidia M, de Brogniez A, Gutierrez G, Renotte N, Reichert M, Trono K, Willems L. Abstract 4050: Bovine leukemia virus small noncoding RNAs are functional elements that regulate replication and contribute to oncogenesis in vivo. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), induces lymphocytosis and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in ruminants. Although the provirus undergoes transcriptional silencing during transformation, BLV-infected tumor cells massively express viral miRNAs from internal Pol III promoters. To understand the mechanisms involved, a provirus isogenic to a wild type molecular clone but devoid of miRNAs was inoculated into calves. High-throughput RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analyzes indicated that BLV miRNAs modulate expression of genes involved in B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, cell activation and immune response (GZMA, FOS, PPT1, ANXA1, MAP2K1 and PIK3CG). Direct and indirect interactions within these regulatory pathways were validated by luciferase reporter assays. In vivo, the deletion of BLV miRNAs reduced proviral loads in the natural host, indicating their biological relevance in viral replication and persistence. Furthermore, oncogenesis was abolished in the ovine experimental model. These observations thus show that BLV miRNAs affect key signaling pathways, promote viral replication and drive oncogenesis.
Citation Format: Nicolas Gillet, Malik Hamaidia, Alix de Brogniez, Geronimo Gutierrez, Nathalie Renotte, Michal Reichert, Karina Trono, Luc Willems. Bovine leukemia virus small noncoding RNAs are functional elements that regulate replication and contribute to oncogenesis in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4050.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michal Reichert
- 3National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), Pulawy, Poland
| | - Karina Trono
- 2Instituto de Virología, INTA, Castelar, Argentina
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Gillet NA, Hamaidia M, de Brogniez A, Gutiérrez G, Renotte N, Reichert M, Trono K, Willems L. The bovine leukemia virus microRNAs permit escape from innate immune response and contribute to viral replication in the natural host. Retrovirology 2015. [PMCID: PMC4578676 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-12-s1-o9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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