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Abulikemu G, Wahman DG, Sorial GA, Nadagouda M, Stebel EK, Womack EA, Smith SJ, Kleiner EJ, Gray BN, Taylor RD, Gastaldo CX, Pressman JG. Role of grinding method on granular activated carbon characteristics. Carbon Trends 2023; 11:1-12. [PMID: 37234684 PMCID: PMC10208277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A coconut shell (AC1230CX) and a bituminous coal based (F400) granular activated carbon (GAC) were ground with mortar and pestle (MP), a blender, and a bench-scale ball milling unit (BMU). Blender was the most time-efficient for particle size reduction. Four size fractions ranging from 20 × 40 to 200 × 325 were characterized along with the bulk GACs. Compared to bulk GACs, F400 blender and BMU 20 × 40 fractions decreased in specific surface area (SSA, -23% and -31%, respectively) while smaller variations (-14% to 5%) occurred randomly for AC1230CX ground fractions. For F400, the blender and BMU size fraction dependencies were attributed to the combination of (i) radial trends in the F400 particle properties and (ii) importance of shear (outer layer removal) versus shock (particle fracturing) size reduction mechanisms. Compared to bulk GACs, surface oxygen content (At%-O1s) increased up to 34% for the F400 blender and BMU 20 × 40 fractions, whereas all AC1230CX ground fractions, except for the blender 100 × 200 and BMU 60 × 100 and 100 × 200 fractions, showed 25-29% consistent increases. The At%-O1s gain was attributed to (i) radial trends in F400 properties and (ii) oxidization during grinding, both of which supported the shear mechanism of mechanical grinding. Relatively small to insignificant changes in point of zero charge (pHPZC) and crystalline structure showed similar trends with the changes in SSA and At%-O1s. The study findings provide guidance for informed selection of grinding methods based on GAC type and target particle sizes to improve the representativeness of adsorption studies conducted with ground GAC, such as rapid small-scale column tests. When GACs have radial trends in their properties and when the target size fraction only includes larger particle sizes, manual grinding is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulizhaer Abulikemu
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - David G. Wahman
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - George A. Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Nadagouda
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Eva K. Stebel
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Erika A. Womack
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA
| | - Samantha J. Smith
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Eric J. Kleiner
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Brooke N. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Rose D. Taylor
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Cameron X. Gastaldo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Pressman
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Mukhopadhyay SM, Nadagouda M. Editorial for Special Issue "Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Hybrid Structures for Sensors, Actuators and Smart Technologies". Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:722. [PMID: 36839090 PMCID: PMC9963764 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced materials related to sensing, actuation, catalysis, and other functionalities for interactive devices depend on surface interactions and quantum effects in solids [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay
- Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies (FIRST), The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Nakarmi A, Bourdo SE, Ruhl L, Kanel S, Nadagouda M, Kumar Alla P, Pavel I, Viswanathan T. Benign zinc oxide betaine-modified biochar nanocomposites for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. J Environ Manage 2020; 272:111048. [PMID: 32677621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is one of the most costly and complex environmental pollutants that leads to eutrophication, which decreases water quality and access to clean water. Among different adsorbents, biochar is one of the promising adsorbents for phosphate removal as well as heavy metal removal from an aqueous solution. In this study, biochar was impregnated with nano zinc oxide in the presence of glycine betaine. The Zinc Oxide Betaine-Modified Biochar Nanocomposites (ZnOBBNC) proved to be an excellent adsorbent for the removal of phosphate, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate (265.5 mg. g-1) and fast adsorption kinetics (~100% removal at 15 min at 10 mg. L-1 phosphate and 3 g. L-1 nanocomposite dosage) in phosphate solution. The synthesis of these benign ZnOBBNC involves a process that is eco-friendly and economically feasible. From material characterization, we found that the ZnOBBNC has ~20-30 nm particle size, high surface area (100.01 m2. g-1), microporous (25.79 Å) structures, and 7.64% zinc content. The influence of pH (2-10), coexisting anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3- and SO43-), initial phosphate concentration (10-500 mg. L-1), and ZnOBBNC dosage (0.5-5 g. L-1) were investigated in batch experiments. From the adsorption isotherms data, the adsorption of phosphate using ZnOBBNC followed Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9616), confirming the mono-layered adsorption mechanism. The kinetic studies showed that the phosphate adsorption using ZnOBBNC followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 1.0000), confirming the chemisorption adsorption mechanism with inner-sphere complexion. Our results demonstrated ZnOBBNC as a suitable, competitive candidate for phosphate removal from both mock lab-prepared and real field-collected wastewater samples when compared to commercial nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Nakarmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
| | - Shawn E Bourdo
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Laura Ruhl
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA
| | - Sushil Kanel
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E. Hollister Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Nadagouda
- The United States Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, CESER, WID, CMTB, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar Alla
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ioana Pavel
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Tito Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
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Zakersalehi A, Zamankhan H, Nadagouda M, Choi H. Mechanistic Study on Size Exclusion of NOM onto Porous TiO₂ for Target Contaminants Decomposition. Water Environ Res 2017; 89:2006-2014. [PMID: 29080567 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15051465918967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonselective oxidation of organic chemicals during TiO2 photocatalytic water treatment significantly prohibits decomposition of toxic target contaminants, particularly in the presence of naturally abundant less toxic natural organic matter (NOM). To minimize the adverse effect of NOM, the authors have investigated physical size exclusion of large NOM onto mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts, which allows small target contaminants to selectively access the porous structure for subsequent chemical reaction. Various treatment scenarios tested with different targets (ibuprofen, microcystin-LR) and competitors (humic acid, polyethylene glycol), and a series of mesoporous TiO2 materials proved the size exclusion mechanism. Discussion was made on the impact of the porous structure of TiO2 on selectivity and reactivity, considering size difference among targets < TiO2 pores < competitors as well as mass transfer limitation of even a target to small pores. This simple approach would greatly improve the photocatalytic treatment of toxic chemicals in water containing NOM.
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Jha KC, Liu Z, Vijwani H, Nadagouda M, Mukhopadhyay SM, Tsige M. Carbon Nanotube Based Groundwater Remediation: The Case of Trichloroethylene. Molecules 2016; 21:E953. [PMID: 27455218 PMCID: PMC6273658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption of chlorinated organic contaminants (COCs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been gaining ground as a remedial platform for groundwater treatment. Applications depend on our mechanistic understanding of COC adsorption on CNTs. This paper lays out the nature of competing interactions at play in hybrid, membrane, and pure CNT based systems and presents results with the perspective of existing gaps in design strategies. First, current remediation approaches to trichloroethylene (TCE), the most ubiquitous of the COCs, is presented along with examination of forces contributing to adsorption of analogous contaminants at the molecular level. Second, we present results on TCE adsorption and remediation on pure and hybrid CNT systems with a stress on the specific nature of substrate and molecular architecture that would contribute to competitive adsorption. The delineation of intermolecular interactions that contribute to efficient remediation is needed for custom, scalable field design of purification systems for a wide range of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij C Jha
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Hema Vijwani
- Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Mallikarjuna Nadagouda
- Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Sharmila M Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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