1
|
Gonkowski S, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Meschini E, Könyves L, Rytel L. Biomonitoring of parabens in wild boars through hair samples analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297938. [PMID: 38381722 PMCID: PMC10880979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parabens are compounds widely utilized in the industry as preservative additives to personal care products, cosmetics and food. They pollute the environment and penetrate to the living organisms through the digestive tract, respiratory system and skin. Till now the knowledge about exposure of terrestrial wild mammals to parabens is extremely scarce. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the concentration levels of five parabens commonly used in industry (methylparaben-MeP, ethylparaben-EtP propylparaben-PrP, benzylparaben -BeP and butylparaben-BuP). Substances have been analyzed in hair samples collected from wild boars using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The hair is a matrix, which allows to study long-term exposure of organisms to parabens. During this study MeP was noted in 96.3% of samples with mean 88.3±72.9 pg/mg, PrP in 87.0% of samples with mean 8.5±3.3 pg/mg, BeP in 44.4% of samples with mean 17.2±12.3 pg/mg and EtP in 11.1% of samples with mean 17.2±4.8 pg/mg. In turn BuP was noted only in 3.7% of samples with concentration levels below limit of quantification (2.6 pg/mg). Statistically significant intragender differences in parabens levels have not been noted. Only BeP concentration levels depended on industrialization and density of human population of area, where the animals lived. This study indicates that wild boars are exposed to parabens, especially to MeP and PrP, and analysis of the hair seems to be a useful tool of biomonitoring of parabens in wild mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Meschini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - László Könyves
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonkowski S, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Meschini E, Rytel L. Exposure assessment to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in wild boars by hair analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167076. [PMID: 37714361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are widely used in various branches of industry for the production of plastics. They penetrate to the natural environment and thus living organisms. As endocrine disruptors, bisphenols have adverse effects on various internal organs and systems. Contrary to humans, the knowledge of the exposure of wild terrestrial mammals to bisphenols is extremely limited. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the exposure level of wild boars to three bisphenols commonly used in industry (i.e. bisphenol A - BPA, bisphenol S - BPS and bisphenol F - BPF) using hair sample analysis in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The presence of BPA and/or BPS has been noted in the samples collected from >80 % of animals included in the study (n = 54), while the presence of BPF was not found in any sample. At least one of the bisphenols was present in every sample tested. Mean concentrations of BPA and BPS in the hair of wild boars were 151.40 ± 135.10 pg/mg dry weight (dw.) and 29.40 ± 36.97 pg./mg dw, respectively. Concentrations of BPA and BPS in females were statistically higher than in males (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significantly higher concentration levels of BPA (and not BPS) in the areas with higher degree of industrialization and higher human population density were also found. This is the first study concerning the use of hair samples to assess the exposure of wild terrestrial mammals to bisphenols. The obtained results show that an analysis of the hair may be a useful tool of biomonitoring bisphenols in wild animals. The presence of BPA and BPS in wild boar hair in relatively high concentration also suggests that these substances may have an influence on the health status not only in humans and aquatic animals, but also in wild terrestrial mammals. However, many aspects connected with this issue are not clear and require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Meschini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Str. 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsatsakis A, Oikonomopoulou T, Nikolouzakis TK, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Renieri E, Fragkiadaki P, Iliaki E, Bachlitzanaki M, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Kakridonis F, Hatzidaki E, Tolia M, Svistunov AA, Spandidos DA, Nikitovic D, Tsiaoussis J, Berdiaki A. Role of telomere length in human carcinogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:78. [PMID: 37232367 PMCID: PMC10552730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most important clinical, social and economic issue regarding cause‑specific disability‑adjusted life years among all human pathologies. Exogenous, endogenous and individual factors, including genetic predisposition, participate in cancer triggering. Telomeres are specific DNA structures positioned at the end of chromosomes and consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which, together with shelterin proteins, facilitate the maintenance of chromosome stability, while protecting them from genomic erosion. Even though the connection between telomere status and carcinogenesis has been identified, the absence of a universal or even a cancer‑specific trend renders consent even more complex. It is indicative that both short and long telomere lengths have been associated with a high risk of cancer incidence. When evaluating risk associations between cancer and telomere length, a disparity appears to emerge. Even though shorter telomeres have been adopted as a marker of poorer health status and an older biological age, longer telomeres due to increased cell growth potential are associated with the acquirement of cancer‑initiating somatic mutations. Therefore, the present review aimed to comprehensively present the multifaceted pattern of telomere length and cancer incidence association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Tatiana Oikonomopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Evaggelia Iliaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Bachlitzanaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Fotios Kakridonis
- Department of Spine Surgery and Scoliosis, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radu-Loghin C, Mocanu K, Al Gouhmani H, Vardavas C, Lagou I, Plyta Z, Papathanasaki A, Vogiatzidaki S, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A, Filippidis F, Kyriakos C, Fernandez E, Tigova O, Martinez C, Luque AML, Eremia M, Lotrean LM, Trofor A, Wenzl T, Simpson B, Powell P, Starchenko P, Bakou A, Asimaki E, Vivilaki V. EUREST-RISE: An innovative networking and training project on European Tobacco Control. Tob Prev Cessat 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 37101785 PMCID: PMC10123401 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/163137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Mocanu
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hani Al Gouhmani
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ioanna Lagou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Zinovia Plyta
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Esteve Fernandez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
| | - Olena Tigova
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
| | - Anna Mar Lopez Luque
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonkowski S, Tzatzarakis M, Dermitzaki E, Makowska K, Wojtkiewicz J. Hair Sample Analysis of Residents from Olsztyn, Northeastern Poland, to Evaluate Levels of Bisphenol S and Bisphenol A: A Pilot Study. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936738. [PMID: 35923084 PMCID: PMC9361778 DOI: 10.12659/msm.936738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogue bisphenol S (BPS), widely utilized in numerous fields of industry, may seep into the environment and into human organisms. Hitherto, BPA was regarded as the bisphenol to which people were exposed to the greatest extent. As endocrine disruptors, bisphenols have negative effects on human health. Therefore, defining the levels of human exposure to these compounds is a key issue in toxicology. Hair analysis has been increasingly used for biomonitoring of bisphenols in humans, but information about the coexistence of BPA and BPS in human hair is extremely scarce. The present study aimed to analyze hair samples from 25 individuals from Olsztyn, northeastern Poland, to evaluate the levels of these 2 industrial pollutants. Material/Methods The method used in the research was liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometry technique. Results BPA was found in 72% of samples analyzed and its concentration levels fluctuated from 3.6 to 52.9 ng/g (median 17.7 ng/g). The BPS concentration levels were higher – from 13.4 to 1054.9 ng/g (median 98.7 ng/g). We also found that gender, age, and the presence of artificial hair color (hair dye) did not affect the BPA and BPS levels in the hair. Conclusions This study has shown that hair samples may be used to measure the levels of bisphenols, and that exposure to BPS may be greater than that to BPA in this area. The investigation also revealed that hair analysis is a useful approach for the biomonitoring of BPA and BPS levels in human organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Dermitzaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vardavas C, Simpson B, Vardavas A, Nikitara K, Lagou I, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A. Updates in the state of play from the Technical Group on tobacco product flavours. Tob Prev Cessat 2022. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/151062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Wojtkiewicz J, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Makowska K, Gonkowski S. Evaluation of human exposure to parabens in north eastern Poland through hair sample analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23673. [PMID: 34880378 PMCID: PMC8654909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens (PBs) are a group of substances commonly used in industry. They also pollute the environment, penetrate into living organisms and adversely affect various internal organs. During this study, the degree of exposure of people living in Olsztyn, a city in north eastern Poland, to selected parabens most often used in industry was studied. The chemicals under investigation included: methyl paraben—MePB, ethyl paraben—EtPB, propyl paraben—PrPB, benzyl paraben BePB and butyl paraben -BuPB. To this aim, hair samples collected from the scalps of 30 volunteers were analyzed using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. All PBs studied were present in a high percentage of analyzed samples (from 76.7% in the case of BePB to 100% in the case of MePB and PrPB). The mean concentration levels were 4425.3 pg/mg for MeBP, 704.0 pg/mg for EtPB, 825.7 pg/mg for PrPB, 135.2 pg/mg for BePB and 154.5 pg/mg for BuPB. Significant differences in PB concentration levels between particular persons were visible. On the other hand, gender, age and artificial hair coloring did not cause statistically significant differences in PB levels. Obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in north eastern Poland are exposed to various PBs, and therefore these substances may affect their health status. However, the evaluation of PBs influence on human health requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mathianaki K, Tzatzarakis M, Karamanou M. Poppies as a sleep aid for infants: The "Hypnos" remedy of Cretan folk medicine. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1729-1733. [PMID: 34692423 PMCID: PMC8511716 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cretan traditional Medicine, used Opium poppies as sedatives for children. Poppies’ folk preparations were called Hypnos. The practice to offer Hypnos to children was alive until the early 20th century. Iatrosofia are written collections of traditional remedies. Hypnos related recipes are absent in Cretan Iatrosofia after the 17th century.
Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is considered as one of the earliest medicinal plants known to mankind. Derived from the Greek name “opos” meaning juice, referring to its psychotropic latex, the plant was known and extensively used since Antiquity during religious rituals and for Medical purposes, mainly as hypnotic and pain reliever agent. In Cretan folk medicine it was recommended along with other poppies until the early 20th century to induce children sedation, by the name: “Hypnos” meaning sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Mathianaki
- Department of History of Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Marianna Karamanou
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GR, 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsatsakis A, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Nikolouzakis TK, Poulas K, Papazoglou G, Hatzidaki E, Papanikolaou NC, Drakoulis N, Iliaki E, Goulielmos GN, Kallionakis M, Lazopoulos G, Kteniadakis S, Alegkakis A, Farsalinos K, Spandidos DA. Immune response (IgG) following full inoculation with BNT162b2 COVID‑19 mRNA among healthcare professionals. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:200. [PMID: 34515322 PMCID: PMC8448546 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soon after the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in December, 2019, numerous research teams, assisted by vast capital investments, achieved vaccine development in a fraction of time. However, almost 8 months following the initiation of the European vaccination programme, the need for prospective monitoring of the vaccine-induced immune response, its determinants and related side-effects remains a priority. The present study aimed to quantify the immune response following full vaccination with the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine by measuring the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in healthcare professionals. Moreover, common side-effects and factors associated with IgG titers were identified. For this purpose, blood samples from 517 individuals were obtained and analysed. Blood sampling was performed at a mean period of 69.0±23.5 days following the second dose of the vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers had an overall mean value of 4.23±2.76. Females had higher titers than males (4.44±2.70 and 3.89 ±2.84, respectively; P=0.007), while non-smokers had higher titers than smokers (4.48±2.79 and 3.80±2.64, respectively; P=0.003). An older age was also associated with lower antibody titers (P<0.001). Moreover, the six most prevalent adverse effects were pain at the injection site (72.1%), generalized fatigue (40.5%), malaise (36.3%), myalgia (31,0%), headache (25.8%) and dizziness/weakness (21.6%). The present study demonstrated that the immune response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is dependent on various modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Overall, the findings of the present study highlight two key aspects of the vaccination programs: First, the need for prospective immunosurveillance studies in order to estimate the duration of immunity, and second, the need to identify those individuals who are at a greater risk of developing low IgG titers in order to evaluate the need for a third dose of the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Matthaios Flamourakis
- Department of General Surgery, Venizeleion General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Poulas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26500 Rio‑Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Papazoglou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Venizeleion General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Iliaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Venizeleion General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kallionakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Lazopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Alegkakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26500 Rio‑Patras, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amir S, Tzatzarakis M, Mamoulakis C, Bello JH, Eqani SAMAS, Vakonaki E, Karavitakis M, Sultan S, Tahir F, Shah STA, Tsatsakis A. Impact of organochlorine pollutants on semen parameters of infertile men in Pakistan. Environ Res 2021; 195:110832. [PMID: 33549619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is a major problem with important socioeconomic consequences. It is associated with several pathological factors, including but not limited to endocrine disruption as a result of environmental pollution and the alarming decline in sperm count over the decades is indicative of involvement of many environmental and lifestyle changes around the globe. Organochlorine pollutants such as dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) disrupt male reproductive system but the exact effect of environmental exposure on semen parameters in human is still not clear. This study was designed to monitor PCBs, DDTs and HCB in hair, urine and serum samples of infertile and healthy fertile men. Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) was used to monitor analytes. All tested compounds were detected, indicating recent use/persistent accumulation. Hair samples revealed no significant association with serum/urine concentrations of the analytes, while serum/urine concentrations were significantly correlated positively. Concentrations were higher in serum compared to other samples. The levels of organochlorine pollutants were higher in infertile men compared to controls with few exceptions. Among PCBs, and DDTs, PCB-153 and pp'-DDT were detected in highest concentrations, respectively. op'-DDT and pp'-DDT levels were significantly higher in infertile men compared to controls. HCB was significantly correlated negatively with sperm motility in all samples. Serum concentrations of all compounds were higher in men with defective semen parameters compared to normospermics. Serum was the best biological sample for assessing health outcomes in relation to exposure levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jaafar Haris Bello
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Markos Karavitakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sikandar Sultan
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Tahir
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kokona D, Spyridakos D, Tzatzarakis M, Papadogkonaki S, Filidou E, Arvanitidis KI, Kolios G, Lamani M, Makriyannis A, Malamas MS, Thermos K. The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol and dual ABHD6/MAGL enzyme inhibitors display neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions in the in vivo retinal model of AMPA excitotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 185:108450. [PMID: 33450278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be a putative therapeutic target for retinal disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and novel inhibitors of its metabolic enzymes, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a) to protect the retina against excitotoxicity and b) the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection. Sprague-Dawley rats, wild type and Akt2-/- C57BL/6 mice were intravitreally administered with phosphate-buffered saline or (RS)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid hydrobromide (AMPA). 2-AG was intravitreally co-administered with AMPA in the absence and presence of AM251 or AM630 (cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptor antagonists, respectively) or Wortmannin [Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor]. Inhibitors of ABHD6 and dual ABHD6/MAGL (AM12100 and AM11920, respectively) were co-administered with AMPA intravitreally in rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies raised against retinal neuronal markers (bNOS), microglia (Iba1) and macroglia (GFAP). TUNEL assay and real-time PCR were also employed. The CB2 receptor was expressed in rat retina (approx. 62% of CB1 expression). 2-AG attenuated the AMPA-induced increase in TUNEL+ cells. 2-AG activation of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and the PI3K/Akt downstream signaling pathway, as substantiated by the use of Akt2-/- mice, afforded neuroprotection against AMPA excitotoxicity. AM12100 and AM11920 attenuated the AMPA-induced glia activation and produced a dose-dependent partial neuroprotection, with the dual inhibitor AM11920 being more efficacious. These results show that 2-AG has the pharmacological profile of a putative therapeutic for retinal diseases characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, when administered exogenously or by the inhibition of its metabolic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despina Kokona
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Spyridakos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Sofia Papadogkonaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos I Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - Manjunath Lamani
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bagkaki A, Tsoutsinos A, Hatzidaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Parthenakis F, Germanakis I. Mexiletine Treatment for Neonatal LQT3 Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:674041. [PMID: 34504812 PMCID: PMC8422972 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.674041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of long QT type 3 (LQT3) syndrome during the neonatal period is of paramount clinical importance. LQT3 syndrome results in increased mortality and a mutation-specific response to treatment compared to other more common types of LQT syndrome. Mexiletine, a sodium channel blocker, demonstrates a mutation-specific QTc shortening effect in LQT3 syndrome patients. Case Presentation: A neonate manifested marked QTc prolongation after birth. An electrocardiogram (ECG) recording was performed due to positive family history of genetically confirmed LQT3 syndrome (SCN5A gene missense mutation Tyr1795Cys), and an association with sudden cardiac death was found in family members. The mexiletine QTc normalizing effect (QTc shortening from 537 to 443 ms), practical issues related to oral mexiletine treatment of our young patient, along with a literature review regarding identification and mexiletine treatment in infants with LQT3 syndrome are presented. Conclusions: Mexiletine could be considered in the treatment of high-risk LQT3 patients already in the neonatal period in addition to b-blocker therapy. Availability of standardized commercial mexiletine pediatric formulas, serum mexiletine level analyses, and future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of early mexiletine treatment on the incidence of future acute cardiac events in these high-risk LQT syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Bagkaki
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsoutsinos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Parthenakis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tzatzarakis M, Kokkinakis M, Renieri E, Goumenou M, Kavvalakis M, Vakonaki E, Chatzinikolaou A, Stivaktakis P, Tsakiris I, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Multiresidue analysis of insecticides and fungicides in apples from the Greek market. Applying an alternative approach for risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
14
|
Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas A, Kyriakos CN, Nikitara K, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Discrepancies in reported versus measured nicotine content of e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries before and after the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00941-2019. [PMID: 31699845 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00941-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Girvalaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexander Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina N Kyriakos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Nikitara
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amir S, Vakonaki E, Tsiminikaki K, Tzatzarakis M, Michopoulou V, Flamourakis M, Kalliantasi K, Karzi V, Fragkiadaki P, Renieri E, Tsoukalas D, Thanasoula M, Sarandi E, Sakellaris G, Makrigiannakis A, Nepka C, Spandidos D, Tsatsakis A. Sperm telomere length: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in male infertility (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3892/wasj.2020.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory 45550, Pakistan
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Katerina Kalliantasi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Thanasoula
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Sakellaris
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Cytopathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barmpas M, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Sifakis S, Alegakis A, Grigoriadis T, Sodré DB, Daskalakis G, Antsaklis A, Tsatsakis A. Organochlorine pollutants' levels in hair, amniotic fluid and serum samples of pregnant women in Greece. A cohort study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 73:103279. [PMID: 31704585 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants are synthetic chemicals highly resistant to degradation with strong tendency to bioaccumulation. Assessment of human exposure to these compounds is crucial for public health protection, especially during vulnerable periods. The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the level of contamination to PCBs, o,p'- and p,p'-DDE, o,p' and p,p'-DDD, o,p' and p,p'-DDT and HCB in pregnant women. Hair, amniotic fluid and serum samples were collected and analyzed by HS-SPME-GCMS. The most detected analytes in amniotic fluids were p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE and PCB101, in serum p,p'-DDE, HCB and PCB101 and in hair p,p'-DDE, HCB and PCB101. The levels of HCB and PCB101 in amniotic fluids were positively correlated with those in hair. Higher levels of DDDs and DDTs in hair samples and PCB28 in amniotic fluids were observed in smoker pregnant women. Gestation age was inversely proportional with the detected levels of PCB101 in all tested samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michail Barmpas
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Feto-Maternal Medicine Department, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Themos Grigoriadis
- Department of Urogynecology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karzi V, Tzatzarakis M, Katsikantami I, Stavroulaki A, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Investigating exposure to endocrine disruptors via hair analysis of pregnant women. Environ Res 2019; 178:108692. [PMID: 31520825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the monitoring of the levels of parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) in head hair samples of women collected during the first months of their pregnancy. Personal details concerning somatometric and demographic characteristics, dietary habits, use of personal care products and the medical and obstetrical history of the pregnant women as well as infants' somatometric characteristics and health condition were recorded through relevant questionnaires. Ninety five hair samples were collected, extracted by solid-liquid extraction and analysed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system (LC-MS). Analysis revealed high percentage of positive samples for all tested compounds (90-100% except from BePB (15.8%)). The mean concentration levels were 4501.2 pg/mg (17.6-27,437.0 pg/mg) for MePB; 510.1 pg/mg (11.0-4224.5 pg/mg) for EtPB; 22.9 pg/mg (2.1-66.6 pg/mg) for BePB; 237.1 pg/mg (1.8-2513.7 pg/mg) for BuPB and 245.0 pg/mg (8.8-8070.2 pg/mg) for TCS. Statistical analysis of both analytical results and questionnaires' data showed that the frequent use of personal care and hygiene products, such as makeup, hairspray and sunscreens, is correlated with higher levels of PBs in hair of the pregnant women. Additionally, positive correlation was observed between the BePB levels in hair and the infants' height. Finally, no other correlation was observed between endocrine disruptors' levels in maternal hair and infants' somatometric characteristics or health condition. Our study is the first one that determined PBs and TCS levels in hair samples, simultaneously. At the same time, correlation of the detected levels with the use of personal care products was accomplished, leading to significant association of BePB levels in hair of pregnant women with infants' height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Girvalaki C, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Kyriakos CN, Nikitara K, Tsatsakis AM, Vardavas CI. Compliance of e-cigarette refill liquids with regulations on labelling, packaging and technical design characteristics in nine European member states. Tob Control 2019; 29:531-536. [PMID: 31519795 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) product compliance with European regulations (Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), Implementing Decisions), with a focus on labelling/packaging practices and technical design/safety features. METHODS Before the implementation of the TPD, in early 2016, we randomly selected e-cigarette refill liquids from the five top-selling companies in France, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Spain, Romania, Hungary and Greece. Identical products were purchased after the implementation of the TPD (early 2018) and assessment of compliance was performed on self-matched samples (n=107) using a prospective cohort design. Compliance with the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulations was also evaluated. RESULTS Following the implementation of the TPD, improvements were noted with regards to the existence of text-only warnings (32.7% pre vs 86.0% post, p<0.001), child-resistant fastenings (93.3% pre vs 100.0% post, p=0.016), tamper-proof vials (58.9% pre vs 86.9%, post p<0.001) and maximum refill volume ≤10 mL in vials (86.9% pre vs 94.4% post, p=0.008). Lower compliance was noted with regards to the inclusion of a leaflet (26.2% pre vs 53.3% post, p<0.001), refilling instructions (28.0% pre vs 51.4% post, p<0.001) and health warnings on the box, vial or leaflet (32.7% pre vs 86.0%, p<0.001). Overall, 86.0% of products had a warning label in the post-TPD phase in comparison to 32.7% of products before the implementation of the TPD (p<0.001). Compliance with the CLP regulations, also increased in the post TPD follow-up phase. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the level of implementation of the e-cigarette regulations in nine EU member states. Our results indicate that refill liquids had substantial but not full compliance in most of the characteristics evaluated. Further effort is needed to ensure complete compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Girvalaki
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexander Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina N Kyriakos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Nikitara
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Constantine I Vardavas
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium .,Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kyriakos C, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Girvalaki C, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Establishing a reference group of tobacco products representative of the EU market to support the decision on whether a tobacco product has a characterising flavour: Findings from the EUREST-FLAVOURS project. Tob Prev Cessat 2019. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas A, Kyriakos C, Karzi V, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Flavors, additives and nicotine levels detected among the most popular e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European countries after the implementation of Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). Tob Prev Cessat 2019. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Tsatsakis A, Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Sarandi E, Nikitovic D, Tsilimidos G, Alegakis AK. Developing BIOTEL: A Semi-Automated Spreadsheet for Estimating Telomere Length and Biological Age. Front Genet 2019; 10:84. [PMID: 30838025 PMCID: PMC6389611 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Telomere length (TL) is causally related to aging and several age-related diseases. Specifically, the abundance of short telomeres and the rate of telomere shortening are strong determinants of cell homeostasis. Thus, tools for analyzing and manipulating TL data can vastly improve research focused on aging. Aim: In this study, we developed a semi-automated worksheet, BIOTEL, to generate individual and group TL statistics and provide a crude estimation of biological age. Results: Data from the Telomere Length Database Project (TLDP) were implemented to the spreadsheet to produce TL statistics. 150 participants were included, and their age was from 21 to 82 years, and the sex distribution ratio was 52.3%: 47.7% (male: female). Initially, we analyzed the fluorescence intensities of telomeres that were measured on metaphase spread leukocytes using three-dimensional (3D) quantitative-fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) procedures (3D DNA FISH) with a (C3TA2)3 peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe. Raw data of fluorescence intensities, demographic data and medical records from the participants were imported into the worksheet. Basic statistical analyses of TL data were provided through BIOTEL, including TL percentiles, specialized charts for TL distribution including the percentage of critically short telomeres (< 3,000 kilobases), individual telomere profiles, and graphs of biological age vs. chronological age. Conclusion: BIOTEL ver. 2.4 is a functional semi-automated worksheet that calculates a wide range of TL statistics, thus a useful tool with applications in research of telomeres and biological age estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsoukalas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsilimidos
- Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Loukopoulou AN, Vardavas CI, Farmakides G, Rosolymos C, Chrelias C, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A, Myridakis A, Lyberi M, Behrakis PK. Counselling for smoking cessation during pregnancy reduces tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNAL) concentrations: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Midwifery 2018; 2:14. [PMID: 33537575 PMCID: PMC7846038 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/99546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation during pregnancy is beneficial to both the mother and child. Our objective was to assess if an intensive smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women increases: a) rates of smoking cessation, and b) reduces exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogens during pregnancy. METHODS A two-group single-blinded parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving 84 pregnant smokers in either a high intensity (n=42) or minimal contact control group (n=42). Women assigned to the high intensity smoking cessation intervention group received a single 30-minute behavioural counselling session and a tailored self-help booklet. The primary outcome measures were: 7-day point prevalence abstinence measured by selfreport and urine cotinine levels, and maternal tobacco specific carcinogens nitrosamine (NNAL) urine concentrations assessed at 32 weeks of gestation. RESULTS A significantly greater percentage of pregnant smokers quit smoking in the high intensity group compared to the low intensity control group (45.2% vs 21.4%; p=0.001). A significant decrease in urine cotinine concentrations was documented in the experimental group (-140.74 ± 361.70 ng/mL; p=0.004), with no significant decrease documented in the control group. A significant decrease in NNAL levels was also documented in the experimental group (158.17 ± 145.03 pg/mL before, 86.43 ± 112.54 pg/mL after; p=0.032) with no significant changes in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The high intensity intervention tested resulted in significantly greater cessation rates. Intensive smoking cessation interventions can be effective in reducing fetal exposure to NNAL. This is the first trial to report on NNAL tobacco-specific carcinogen concentrations before and after an intervention for smoking cessation during pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01210118. ABBREVIATIONS 5Αs: ask, advise, asses, assist, arrange; GHQ: general health questionnaire; ANOVA: analysis of variance; RCT: randomized control trials; NNAL: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Public Health, American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Charalambos Chrelias
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Maternity Unit, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lyberi
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Behrakis
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Public Health, American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Kyriakos CN, Vardavas AI, Stivaktakis PD, Kavvalakis M, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Composition and chemical health hazards of the most common electronic cigarette liquids in nine European countries. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:361-369. [PMID: 30369275 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1527879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to identify the composition and reported chemical health hazards of the most common electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) in nine European Union (EU) Member States (MS) prior to adoption of the Tobacco Product Directive (TPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Within the Horizon2020, EUREST-PLUS study, 122 of the most commonly sold e-liquids in 9 EU MS were randomly selected and purchased. A quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis was performed using a previously validated based gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The most commonly detected compounds were then divided according to the Danger Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and Warning GHS codes. RESULTS Within our qualitative analysis, 171 different compounds were detected. Discrepancies in measured versus reported nicotine concentration were identified. Forty-one (85.4%) of the most commonly detected compounds were registered with Warning GHS codes, 11 with Danger GHS codes and 9 with both codes. Of the total number of the detected compounds, 293 were attributable to fruits flavor, followed by tobacco flavor (204), nonalcoholic drinks (n = 64), desserts-sweets (n = 50), menthol - mint (n = 42) and alcohol (n = 39). Menthol which is classified as a strong irritant to skin and eye was the most frequently detected compound. CONCLUSION A large plethora of compounds with varying warning codes was identified in e-cigarette samples. The systematic monitoring and chemical evaluation of e-liquids are warranted, so as to ensure consumer protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Girvalaki
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | | - Alexander I Vardavas
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Kyriakos C, Vardavas A, Stivaktakis P, Kavvalakis M, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Chemical analysis and hazard identification of the most common electronic cigarette liquids in nine European countries. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/95141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
25
|
Vardavas C, Kyriakos C, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M. EUREST-FLAVOURS: European Regulatory Science on Tobacco to support the assessment of characterising flavours in tobacco products. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/94776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
26
|
Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas AI, Stivaktakis P, Kyriakos C, Papadakis S, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. What is the content of the electronic cigarette liquids according to their flavor? An evaluation in nine European Union countries before TPD implementation. Tob Prev Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/90466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Girvalaki C, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A, Behrakis P, Vardavas C. Classification, labelling and packaging of the most popular e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European countries. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
28
|
Vardavas C, Girvalaki C, Vardavas A, Papadakis S, Tzatzarakis M, Behrakis P, Tsatsakis A. Respiratory irritants in e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries: a threat to respiratory health? Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/6/1701698. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01698-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
29
|
Fragiadoulaki I, Tsitsimpikou C, Vakonaki E, Alegakis A, Kaloudis K, Kanaki K, Nathena D, Stivaktakis P, Tzatzarakis M, Mamoulakis C, Tsatsakis A. Contrast-induced nephropathy in animal model. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas A, Girvalaki C, Stivaktakis P, Vardavas C, Tsatsakis A. Flavors and additives detected among the most popular e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European countries. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Kanaki K, Mantakas X, Nathena D, Kontogiannis A, Vakonaki E, Renieri E, Christakis-Hampsas M, Tzanakakis G, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A. Alcohol and toxicological findings in drowning cases in Crete, Greece. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Amir S, Tzatzarakis M, Eqani S, Nosyrev AE, Shah STA, Tsatsakis AM. Association of PCBs and DDTs exposure with infertility in Pakistani population. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Stivaktakis P, Fragkiadaki P, Alegakis A, Tsiaoussis J, Tsitsimpikou C, Carvalho F, Tsatsakis A. Aldehyde oxidase metabolism route inhibition via sodium tungstate in imidacloprid exposed rabbits. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
34
|
Blazaki S, Tsika C, Tzatzarakis M, Naoumidi E, Tsatsakis A, Tsatsanis C, Tsilimbaris MK. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intraocular flurbiprofen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:2375-2380. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
35
|
Pachis K, Blazaki S, Tzatzarakis M, Klepetsanis P, Naoumidi E, Tsilimbaris M, Antimisiaris SG. Sustained release of intravitreal flurbiprofen from a novel drug-in-liposome-in-hydrogel formulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:324-333. [PMID: 28843864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel Flurbiprofen (FLB)-in-liposome-in-hydrogel formulation was developed, as a method to sustain the release and increase the ocular bioavailability of FLB following intravitreal injection. For this, FLB loading into liposomes was optimized and liposomes were entrapped in thermosensitive hydrogels consisted of Pluronic F-127 (P). FLB solution, liposomes, and FLB dissolved in hydrogel were also used as control formulations. Actively loaded liposomes were found to be optimal for high FLB loading and small size, while in vitro studies revealed that P concentration of 18% (w/v) was best to retain the integrity of the hydrogel-dispersed liposome, compared to a 20% concentration. The in vitro release of FLB was significantly sustained when FLB-liposomes were dispersed in the hydrogel compared to hydrogel dissolved FLB, as well as the other control formulations. In vivo studies were carried out in pigmented rabbits which were injected through a 27G needle with 1mg/mL FLB in the different formulation-types. Ophthalmic examinations after intravitreal injection of all FLB formulations, revealed no evidence of inflammation, hemorrhage, uveitis or endophthalmitis. Pharmacokinetic analysis results confirm that the hybrid drug delivery system increases the bioavailability (by 1.9 times compared to solution), and extends the presence of the drug in the vitreous cavity, while liposome and hydrogel formulations demonstrate intermediate performance. Furthermore the hybrid system increases MRT of FLB in aqueous humor and retina/choroid tissues, compared to all the control formulations. Currently the potential therapeutic advances of FLB sustained release formulations for IVT administration are being evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pachis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Patras, Greece
| | - S Blazaki
- Laboratory of Optics and Vision, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P Klepetsanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani 26504, Greece
| | - E Naoumidi
- Laboratory of Optics and Vision, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Tsilimbaris
- Laboratory of Optics and Vision, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - S G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani 26504, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vardavas C, Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas A, Girvalaki C, Stivaktakis P, Behrakis P, Tsatsakis AM. Differences in reported vs. Measured Nicotine Concentrations among the most popular e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European Countries. Tob Prev Cessat 2017. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/70328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Vinceti M, Violi F, Tzatzarakis M, Mandrioli J, Malagoli C, Hatch EE, Fini N, Fasano A, Rakitskii VN, Kalantzi OI, Tsatsakis A. Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a case-control study. Environ Res 2017; 155:261-267. [PMID: 28242563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic chemicals including several pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the relation between organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the etiology of sporadic ALS, determining for the first time their levels in cerebrospinal fluid as indicator of antecedent exposure. We recruited 38 ALS patients and 38 controls referred to an Italian clinical center for ALS care, who underwent a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes between 1994-2013, and had 1mL of cerebrospinal fluid available for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs. Many chemicals were undetectable in both case and control CSF samples, and we found little evidence of any increased disease risk according to higher levels of exposure. Among males >60 years, we found a slight but statistically very unstable increased ALS risk with higher levels of the congener PCB 28 and the OCP metabolite p,p'-DDE. Overall, these results do not suggest an involvement of the neurotoxic chemicals investigated in this study in disease etiology, although small numbers limited the precision of our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, 02118 MA, United States.
| | - Federica Violi
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, 02118 MA, United States
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Antonio Fasano
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow region 141014 Russia
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 8110 Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vardavas C, Agaku I, Filippidis F, Kousoulis AA, Girvalaki C, Symvoulakis E, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis AM, Behrakis P, Lionis C. The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES): A hair nicotine validated tool for assessing exposure to secondhand smoke among elderly adults in primary care. Tob Prev Cessat 2017; 3:9. [PMID: 32432184 PMCID: PMC7232800 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/69850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate estimation of exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS) is important in both research and clinical practice. We aimed to develop, an easy to implement, biomarker validated scale to provide an estimation of adult exposure to SHS for use within primary health care or epidemiological research. METHODS A pool of 26 baseline questions evaluating exposure to SHS was administered to 178 non-smoking adults (mean age 68.1 years), recruited from both urban and rural primary health care practices in Crete, Greece in November 2011, while concurrent hair samples were collected and nicotine concentrations were measured. To generate scores for each question item, we fitted a backward linear regression using the main predictors of SHS exposure selected from the initial pool of questions, weighted against each individuals biomarker evaluated exposure. RESULTS Among the pool of participants and weighted according to hair nicotine levels, in descending order, the most important sources of SHS exposure were the home (5 points, β=0.37), the family car (3 points, β=0.20), public places (2 points, β=0.15) and the workplace (1 point, β=0.013), the relative weighting of which led to the development of an 11-point scale to assess exposure to SHS. For every unit increase in the score, there was an associated increase in mean hair nicotine concentrations by 1.35 ng/mg (95%CI: 1.25-1.45, p<0.0001) CONCLUSIONS The SHS exposure score (SHSES) may be a useful tool in an estimating the level of the exposure to SHS among elderly adults and investigating the relationship between SHS exposure and potential health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Vardavas
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Israel Agaku
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Filippos Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Antonis A Kousoulis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charis Girvalaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Toxicology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Behrakis
- Smoking and Lung Cancer Research Center, Hellenic Cancer Society, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zakharenko AM, Engin AB, Chernyshev VV, Chaika VV, Ugay SM, Rezaee R, Karimi G, Drozd VA, Nikitina AV, Solomennik SF, Kudryavkina OR, Xin L, Wenpeng Y, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS. Basophil mediated pro-allergic inflammation in vehicle-emitted particles exposure. Environ Res 2017; 152:308-314. [PMID: 27833058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite of the fact that engine manufacturers develop a new technology to reduce exhaust emissions, insufficient attention given to particulate emissions. However, diesel exhaust particles are a major source of air-borne pollution, contain vast amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and may have deleterious effects on the immune system, resulting in the induction and enhancement of pro-allergic processes. In the current study, vehicle emitted particles (VEP) from 2 different types of cars (diesel - D and gasoline - G) and locomotive (L) were collected. Overall, 129 four-week-old, male SPF-class Kunming mice were subcutaneously instilled with either low dose 100, 250 or high dose, 500mg/kg VEP and 15 mice were assigned as control group. The systemic toxicity was evaluated and alterations in the percentages of the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25 expressing cells, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were determined. Basophil percentages were inversely associated with the PAH content of the VEPs, however basophil sensitization was more important than cell count in VEP exposure. Thus, the effects of VEP-PAHs emerge with the activation of basophils in an allergen independent fashion. Despite the increased percentage of CD4+ T cells, a sharp decrease in basophil counts at 500mg/kg of VEP indicates a decreased inhibitory effect of CD16+ monocytes on the proliferation of CD4+ T cell and suppressed polarization into a Th2 phenotype. Therefore, although the restrictions for vehicles emissions differ between countries, follow up studies and strict regulations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Zakharenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Valery V Chernyshev
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Chaika
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey M Ugay
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vladimir A Drozd
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna V Nikitina
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey F Solomennik
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga R Kudryavkina
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Liu Xin
- Biology Institute Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuan Wenpeng
- Biology Institute Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia; Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Olaru O, Nitulescu G, Margina D, Spies L, Koekemoer T, van de Venter M, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A. Antitumor and toxicological research on some ranunculosides containing plants. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
41
|
Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Kampouropoulou C, Stivaktakis P, Papachristou S, Vynias D, Tsakiris I, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Determination of diacetyl in butters and margarines by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Tsakiris I, Tzatzarakis M, Alegakis A, Mitlianga P, Vakonaki E, Tsatsakis I, Dumanov J, Sarigiannis D, Tsatsakis A. Monitoring of Ochratoxin A residues in Greek bottled wine. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Stivaktakis P, Vardavas A, Tzatzarakis M, Fragkiadaki P, Ozcagli E, Vasilaki F, Tsamoukas A, Psycharakis S, Tsatsakis A. Genotoxicity evaluation of long term rabbit exposure to cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide by cytokinesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
45
|
Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Moti S, Vynias D, Flamourakis M, Kavvalakis M, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsakiris I, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Determination of 4-methylimidazole in soft drinks, beers, vinegar and sauces of Greek market using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
46
|
Tzatzarakis M, Karzi V, Vakonaki E, Barbounis E, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Tsakiris I, Psycharakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Bisphenol A in beverages and canned foods of the Greek market. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
47
|
Barmpas M, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Kypraiou A, Barbounis E, Kavvalakis M, Sifakis S, Daskalakis G, Rakitskiy V, Tsatsakis A. Determination of PCBs, DDTs and HCB in hair, amniotic fluid and serum of pregnant women by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HSSPME/GC–MS). Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Tsakalof A, Tzatzarakis M, Tsitsimpikou C. Detection of doping substances residues in biological material: A comparative approach. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Rezaee R, Tsatsakis A, Tzatzarakis M, Rafatpanah H, Mahmoudi M, Riahi B, Karimi G. Immunomodulatory effects of the aqueous extract of Crocus sativus stigmas in BALB/c mice. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Vynias D, Tsatsakis A, Tzatzarakis M. The role of digital and social media on pharmacovigilance and their effect on personalised healthcare. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|