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Ibáñez-Navarro M, Fernández A, Escudero A, Esteso G, Campos-Silva C, Navarro-Aguadero MÁ, Leivas A, Caracuel BR, Rodríguez-Antolín C, Ortiz A, Navarro-Zapata A, Mestre-Durán C, Izquierdo M, Balaguer-Pérez M, Ferreras C, Martínez-López J, Valés-Gómez M, Pérez-Martínez A, Fernández L. NKG2D-CAR memory T cells target pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vitro and in vivo but fail to eliminate leukemia initiating cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187665. [PMID: 37928520 PMCID: PMC10622787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Refractory/relapsed pediatric acute leukemia are still clinically challenging and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Interactions between Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor, expressed in cytotoxic immune cells, and its ligands (NKG2DL), which are upregulated in leukemic blasts, are important for anti-leukemia immunosurveillance. Nevertheless, leukemia cells may develop immunoescape strategies as NKG2DL shedding and/or downregulation. Methods In this report, we analyzed the anti-leukemia activity of NKG2D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected memory (CD45RA-) T cells in vitro and in a murine model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We also explored in vitro how soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) affected NKG2D-CAR T cells' cytotoxicity and the impact of NKG2D-CAR T cells on Jurkat cells gene expression and in vivo functionality. Results In vitro, we found NKG2D-CAR T cells targeted leukemia cells and showed resistance to the immunosuppressive effects exerted by sNKG2DL. In vivo, NKG2D-CAR T cells controlled T cell leukemia burden and increased survival of the treated mice but failed to cure the animals. After CAR T cell treatment, Jurkat cells upregulated genes related to proliferation, survival and stemness, and in vivo, they exhibited functional properties of leukemia initiating cells. Discussion The data here presented suggest, that, in combination with other therapeutic approaches, NKG2D-CAR T cells could be a novel treatment for pediatric T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ibáñez-Navarro
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Fernández
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Escudero
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Tumor Immune Activation and Evasion Lab. Immunology and Oncology Department, National Biotechnology Center (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Campos-Silva
- Tumor Immune Activation and Evasion Lab. Immunology and Oncology Department, National Biotechnology Center (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Navarro-Aguadero
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leivas
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ruz Caracuel
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Antolín
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Genetic Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ortiz
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navarro-Zapata
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mestre-Durán
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Balaguer-Pérez
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferreras
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Tumor Immune Activation and Evasion Lab. Immunology and Oncology Department, National Biotechnology Center (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Hematological Malignancies-H12O Lab. Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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