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Vázquez-Frias R, Ladino L, Bagés-Mesa MC, Hernández-Rosiles V, Ochoa-Ortiz E, Alomía M, Bejarano R, Boggio-Marzet C, Bojórquez-Ramos MC, Colindres-Campos E, Fernández G, García-Bacallao E, González-Cerda I, Guisande A, Guzmán C, Moraga-Mardones F, Palacios-Rosales J, Ramírez-Rodríguez NE, Roda J, Sanabria MC, Sánchez-Valverde F, Santiago RJ, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Spolidoro J, Valdivieso-Falcón P, Villalobos-Palencia N, Koletzko B. Consensus on complementary feeding from the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: COCO 2023. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2023; 88:57-70. [PMID: 36737343 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Complementary feeding (CF) is defined as the feeding of infants that complements breastfeeding, or alternatively, feeding with a breast milk substitute, and is a process that is more than simply a guide as to what and how to introduce foods. The information provided by healthcare professionals must be up-to-date and evidence-based. Most of the recommendations that appear in the different international guidelines and position papers are widely applicable, but some must be regionalized or adapted to fit the conditions and reality of each geographic zone. The Nutrition Working Group of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) summoned a group of experts from each of the society's member countries, to develop a consensus on CF, incorporating, whenever possible, local information adapted to the reality of the region. The aim of the present document is to show the results of that endeavor. Utilizing the Delphi method, a total of 34 statements on relevant aspects of CF were evaluated, discussed, and voted upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; Grupo de Nutrición, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, SLAGHNP/LASPGHAN.
| | - L Ladino
- Grupo de Nutrición, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, SLAGHNP/LASPGHAN; Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Nutrición, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M C Bagés-Mesa
- Grupo de Nutrición, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, SLAGHNP/LASPGHAN; Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Nutrición, Genética y Metabolismo, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; Grupo de Nutrición, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, SLAGHNP/LASPGHAN
| | - E Ochoa-Ortiz
- Grupo de Nutrición, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, SLAGHNP/LASPGHAN; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Alomía
- Posgrado de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R Bejarano
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - C Boggio-Marzet
- Grupo de Trabajo en Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. I. Pirovano", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Colindres-Campos
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - G Fernández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - E García-Bacallao
- Sección de Pediatría, Instituto de Gastroenterología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, La Habana, Cuba
| | - I González-Cerda
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Militar Escuela "Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños", Managua, Nicaragua
| | - A Guisande
- Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Guzmán
- Hospital La Católica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - F Moraga-Mardones
- Unidad de Nutrición, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Palacios-Rosales
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - N E Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina y Salud Mental, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J Roda
- Gastroenterología e Nutrição Pediátrica, Hospital Pediátrico - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M C Sanabria
- Cátedra y Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - F Sánchez-Valverde
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, NAVARRA BIOMED, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - R J Santiago
- Departamento de Pediatría y Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Valera "Dr. Pedro Emilio Carrillo", Universidad de Los Andes, Valera, Venezuela
| | - N Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Spolidoro
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P Valdivieso-Falcón
- Departamento de Pediatría, Servicio subespecialidades pediátricas, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Peru
| | | | - B Koletzko
- Departamento de Pediatría, Medical Centre of LMU Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, München, Germany
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Huertas CA, Ramirez MA, Gonzalez HJ, Mejía JC, Fejerman L, Zabaleta J, Sanabria MC, Serrano SJ. Abstract PO-154: Clinical and prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of triple negative breast cancer in Colombian women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, represents 10%-20% of all breast cancers and occurs more frequently in young Non- Hispanic Black and Latina women. TNBC is highly immunogenic due to the relatively high levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) which in turn has been associated with long term survival as well as a risk reduction of death and recurrence. Little is known about TILs and its prognostic value in TNBCs from Latinas such as Colombian women. The goal of this study was to evaluate the differences in the clinic-pathological variables according to TILs levels. Also, to evaluate if TILs are an independent prognostic factor in TNBC from Colombian patients. Methods: We included 130 TNBC patients diagnosed between 2008-2016 at the Colombian National Cancer Institute. Analysis of TILs was performed on a single full-face hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained pre-treatment sections. TILs score was estimated as a proportion of intratumoral TILs (iTILs) and stromal TILs (sTILs) on tumoral area and was classified using a cut-off of 10% for sTILs and 1% for iTILs. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 (n=92), CD4 (n=40) and CD8 (n=40) was evaluated on three different fields of vision. Chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to test differences in clinic-pathological variables and Kaplan Meier analysis and long-rank test was used to explore differences in survival according to TILs. Results: High sTILs (≥10%) was observed in 36.4% of the patients. We observed that patients in the high sTILs group were usually diagnosed at early stages and with smaller tumors (<2cm) compared to patients with low sTILs (48.9% vs 23.2%, p<0.01 and 27.3% vs. 5.3%, p<0.01). Regarding treatment, a lower number of patients with high sTILs received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (46.8% vs. 74.4%, p<0.01 and mastectomy (53.2% vs. 74.4%, p=0.02) but had clinical complete response (cCR) (30% vs. 6.2%, p=0.053) compared to patients with low sTILs. Similar results were found for cCR in the iTILs positive group compared to iTILs negative group (13.8% vs. 0%, p<0.01). Differences in overall survival was observed according to sTILs (p<0.01). Cox regression analysis in a model adjusted by AJCC stage found low sTILs (<10%) as a prognostic factor associated with higher risk of death (HR: 1.65, 95% CI 0.99 – 2.77, p=0.05). Stromal and intratumoral CD4 and CD8 were evaluated, and patients were categorized according to the median of expression. For low iCD4 we observed a higher percentage of patients with node involvement (88.9% vs. 52.6%, p=0.04) and for the low iCD8 group we observed larger tumors (>5cm) (47.4% vs. 31.2%, p=0.03). Finally, PD-L1 expression was positive in 21.7% of the patients and was associated with high level of sTILs (p=0.02). Conclusions: Our results suggests that higher levels of sTILs in the TNBC are associated with a better prognosis. Further work is needed to explore the level of CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 expression in our patients to assess its clinical impact.
Citation Format: Carlos A. Huertas, Mayra A. Ramirez, Henry J. Gonzalez, Juan C. Mejía, Laura Fejerman, Jovanny Zabaleta, María C. Sanabria, Silvia J. Serrano. Clinical and prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of triple negative breast cancer in Colombian women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Huertas
- 1Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
| | - Mayra A. Ramirez
- 1Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
| | - Henry J. Gonzalez
- 2Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia,
| | - Juan C. Mejía
- 1Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
| | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- 4Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - María C. Sanabria
- 1Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
| | - Silvia J. Serrano
- 1Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
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Serrano-Gomez SJ, Sanabria MC, Hernández-Suarez GA, Garcia O, Silva C, Romero A, Mejía JC, Fejerman L, Antonia T, Miele L, Zabaleta J. Abstract P1-08-09: Increased prevalence of luminal B subtype in Colombian women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-08-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide. Distinct intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer have different prognoses, and their relative prevalence varies significantly among ethnic groups. Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations are a genetically admixed and heterogeneous group, with variable levels of European, Native American and African ancestries. Breast cancer in H/L patients is understudied from a molecular standpoint, and most studies reported so far include limited numbers of H/L patients and assign ethnicity based on self-reported data rather than ancestry. This is the first study to explore the prevalence of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes in Colombia and their association with clinicopathological data and genetic ancestry.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry surrogates from the 2013 St. Gallen International Expert Consensus were applied to classify breast cancer into intrinsic subtypes in 301 patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 at the Colombian National Cancer Institute. We analyzed the distribution of subtypes by age, histologic type, node status, margins at surgery, AJCC stage, tumor size, Bloom-Richardson grade, histologic features, administration and response to neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy and recurrence. Genetic ancestry was estimated from a panel of 80 ancestry-informative markers (AIM).
Results: Luminal B breast cancer subtype was the most prevalent in our population (47.5%), followed by luminal A (23.9%), non-basal triple negative (9.3%), basal-like (8.6%), HER2-enriched (8%), and unknown (2.6%). The average of age at diagnosis was 55 and the average tumor size was 4.08 cm. We found statistical significant differences in age at diagnosis, Bloom-Richardson grade, histologic features, adjuvant chemotherapy and recurrence according to intrinsic subtype. Consistent with North American and European observations, basal-like and non-basal triple negative were poorly differentiated tumors and more likely to be diagnosed at younger ages compared to luminal tumors. Patients diagnosed with HER2-enriched, basal and non-basal triple negative breast cancer had the highest African ancestry.
Conclusions: Luminal B tumors, a high risk subset of ER-positive breast cancer, occur with remarkably higher prevalence in Colombian women with breast cancer compared to North American and European populations. Triple-negative subtypes and HER2-enriched tumors appeared to be more frequent among patients with African ancestry, as observed in North American cohorts. Future studies analyzing the molecular profiles of breast cancer in Colombian women will help us understand the molecular basis of this subtype distribution and compare the molecular characteristics of the different intrinsic subtypes in Colombian Hispanic/Latina patients.
Citation Format: Serrano-Gomez SJ, Sanabria MC, Hernández-Suarez GA, Garcia O, Silva C, Romero A, Mejía JC, Fejerman L, Antonia T, Miele L, Zabaleta J. Increased prevalence of luminal B subtype in Colombian women with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Serrano-Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - MC Sanabria
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - GA Hernández-Suarez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - O Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - C Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - A Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - JC Mejía
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - L Fejerman
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - T Antonia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - L Miele
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
| | - J Zabaleta
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Department of Genetics, New Orleans, LA; Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA
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