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Tello Montoliu A, Olea González A, Pujante Escudero Á, Martínez Del Villar M, de la Guía Galipienso F, Díaz González L, Fernández Olmo R, Freixa-Pamias R, Vivas Balcones D. Cardiovascular considerations on recreational scuba diving. SEC-Clinical Cardiology Association/SEC-Working Group on Sports Cardiology consensus document. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00107-5. [PMID: 38580141 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The practice of recreational scuba diving has increased worldwide, with millions of people taking part each year. The aquatic environment is a hostile setting that requires human physiology to adapt by undergoing a series of changes that stress the body. Therefore, physical fitness and control of cardiovascular risk factors are essential for practicing this sport. Medical assessment is not mandatory before participating in this sport and is only required when recommended by a health questionnaire designed for this purpose. However, due to the significance of cardiovascular disease, cardiology consultations are becoming more frequent. The aim of the present consensus document is to describe the cardiovascular physiological changes that occur during diving, focusing on related cardiovascular diseases, their management, and follow-up recommendations. The assessment and follow-up of individuals who practice diving with previous cardiovascular disease are also discussed. This document, endorsed by the Clinical Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC) and the SEC Working Group on Sports Cardiology of the Association of Preventive Cardiology, aims to assist both cardiologists in evaluating patients, as well as other specialists responsible for assessing individuals' fitness for diving practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tello Montoliu
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Cuerpo de Sanidad, Centro de Buceo de la Armada, Armada Española, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Agustín Olea González
- Cuerpo de Sanidad, Centro de Buceo de la Armada, Armada Española, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; Jefatura de Apoyo Sanitario de Cartagena, Armada Española, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Pujante Escudero
- Cuerpo de Sanidad, Centro de Buceo de la Armada, Armada Española, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fernando de la Guía Galipienso
- Servicio de Cardiología, Policlínica Glorieta Denia, Denia, Alicante, Spain; Clínica Rehabilitación Marina Alta (REMA)/Cardiología Deportiva Denia, Denia, Alicante, Spain; Hospital Clínica Benidorm (HCB), Benidorm, Alicante, Spain
| | - Leonel Díaz González
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Román Freixa-Pamias
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
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