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Pérez-Martín E, Coto-Vilcapoma A, Castilla-Silgado J, Rodríguez-Cañón M, Prado C, Álvarez G, Álvarez-Vega MA, Fernández-García B, Menéndez-González M, Tomás-Zapico C. Refining Stereotaxic Neurosurgery Techniques and Welfare Assessment for Long-Term Intracerebroventricular Device Implantation in Rodents. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2627. [PMID: 37627418 PMCID: PMC10452028 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotaxic surgeries enable precise access to specific brain regions, being of particular interest for chronic intracerebroventricular drug delivery. However, the challenge of long-term studies at this level is to allow the implantation of drug storage devices and their correct intrathecal connection while guaranteeing animal welfare during the entire study period. In this study, we propose an optimized method for safe intrathecal device implantation, focusing on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative procedures, following the 3Rs principle and animal welfare regulations. Our optimized protocol introduces three main refinements. Firstly, we modify the dimensions of the implantable devices, notably diminishing the device-to-mouse weight ratio. Secondly, we use a combination of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and UV light-curing resin, which decreases surgery time, improves healing, and notably minimizes cannula detachment or adverse effects. Thirdly, we develop a customized welfare assessment scoresheet to accurately monitor animal well-being during long-term implantations. Taken together, these refinements positively impacted animal welfare by minimizing the negative effects on body weight, surgery-related complications, and anxiety-like behaviors. Overall, the proposed refinements have the potential to reduce animal use, enhance experimental data quality, and improve reproducibility. Additionally, these improvements can be extended to other neurosurgical techniques, thereby advancing neuroscience research, and benefiting the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Neuroscience Innovative Technologies S.L., Neurostech, 33428 Llanera, Spain (C.P.)
| | - Almudena Coto-Vilcapoma
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla-Silgado
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Catuxa Prado
- Neuroscience Innovative Technologies S.L., Neurostech, 33428 Llanera, Spain (C.P.)
| | - Gabriel Álvarez
- Neuroscience Innovative Technologies S.L., Neurostech, 33428 Llanera, Spain (C.P.)
| | - Marco Antonio Álvarez-Vega
- Departamento de Cirugía, Área de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamín Fernández-García
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Área de Anatomía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Kumru H, Flores Á, Rodríguez-Cañón M, Edgerton VR, García L, Benito-Penalva J, Navarro X, Gerasimenko Y, García-Alías G, Vidal J. Cervical Electrical Neuromodulation Effectively Enhances Hand Motor Output in Healthy Subjects by Engaging a Use-Dependent Intervention. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E195. [PMID: 33430460 PMCID: PMC7827883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation is a non-invasive method that can modify the functional state of the sensory-motor system. We hypothesize that eEmc delivery, together with hand training, improves hand function in healthy subjects more than either intervention alone by inducing plastic changes at spinal and cortical levels. Ten voluntary participants were included in the following three interventions: (i) hand grip training, (ii) eEmc, and (iii) eEmc with hand training. Functional evaluation included the box and blocks test (BBT) and hand grip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), spinal and cortical motor evoked potential (sMEP and cMEP), and resting motor thresholds (RMT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and F wave in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. eEmc combined with hand training retained MVC and increased F wave amplitude and persistency, reduced cortical RMT and facilitated cMEP amplitude. In contrast, eEmc alone only increased F wave amplitude, whereas hand training alone reduced MVC and increased cortical RMT and SICI. In conclusion, eEmc combined with hand grip training enhanced hand motor output and induced plastic changes at spinal and cortical level in healthy subjects when compared to either intervention alone. These data suggest that electrical neuromodulation changes spinal and, perhaps, supraspinal networks to a more malleable state, while a concomitant use-dependent mechanism drives these networks to a higher functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Kumru
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - África Flores
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia & Insititute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (Á.F.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Cañón
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia & Insititute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (Á.F.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Victor R. Edgerton
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Loreto García
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jesús Benito-Penalva
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia & Insititute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (Á.F.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Yury Gerasimenko
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Alías
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia & Insititute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (Á.F.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Joan Vidal
- Fundación Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.R.E.); (L.G.); (J.B.-P.); (X.N.); (G.G.-A.); (J.V.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Kumru H, Flores A, Rodríguez-Cañón M, Soriano I, García L, Vidal-Samsó J. [Non-invasive brain and spinal cord stimulation for motor and functional recovery after a spinal cord injury]. Rev Neurol 2020; 70:461-477. [PMID: 32500525 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7012.2019453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury is a traumatic or non-traumatic event that causes an alteration of sensory, motor or autonomic functioning and ultimately affects the physical, psychological and social well-being of the person who suffers it. A comprehensive approach to spinal cord injury requires many health resources and can place a considerable financial burden on patients, their families and the community. AIM To review the literature published to date on the use of non-invasive brain stimulation, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcutaneous non-invasive spinal cord stimulation (tcSCS), as therapeutic strategies to improve the functionality of patients with spinal cord injury. The studies were grouped as addressing either non-invasive brain stimulation or non-invasive spinal cord stimulation. DEVELOPMENT Altogether 32 studies were identified: 21 involving brain stimulation (14 in rTMS and 7 in tDCS) and 11 with spinal cord stimulation (tcSCS). All the studies were conducted in adult patients who had undergone a spinal cord injury. Despite significant variability in treatment protocols, patient characteristics and clinical assessment, the changes observed were reported in almost all the studies without producing any side effects and with motor or functional improvement. CONCLUSION Non-invasive brain stimulation, as well as spinal cord stimulation, are promising techniques for the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury due to their novelty, effectiveness and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumru
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España
| | - A Flores
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España.,Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Bellaterra, España
| | - M Rodríguez-Cañón
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España.,Institut de Neurociènces (INc), Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Bellaterra, España.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona, España.,Centro Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBER-NED), Madrid, España
| | - I Soriano
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España
| | - L García
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España
| | - J Vidal-Samsó
- Institut de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann-UAB, 08916 Badalona, España
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