1
|
Reisberg B, Torossian C, Shulman MB, Monteiro I, Boksay I, Golomb J, Guillo Benarous F, Ulysse A, Oo T, Vedvyas A, Rao JA, Marsh K, Kluger A, Sangha J, Hassan M, Alshalabi M, Arain F, Shaikh N, Buj M, Kenowsky S, Masurkar AV, Rabin L, Noroozian M, Sánchez-Saudinós MAB, Blesa R, Auer S, Zhang Y, de Leon M, Sadowski M, Wisniewski T, Gauthier S, Shao Y. Two Year Outcomes, Cognitive and Behavioral Markers of Decline in Healthy, Cognitively Normal Older Persons with Global Deterioration Scale Stage 2 (Subjective Cognitive Decline with Impairment). J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:685-705. [PMID: 30689585 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known with respect to behavioral markers of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a condition initially described in association with Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) stage 2. OBJECTIVE Two-year interval behavioral markers were investigated herein. METHODS Subjects from a published 7-year outcome study of GDS stage 2 subjects were selected. This study had demonstrated a hazard ratio of 4.5 for progression of GDS stage 2, in comparison with GDS stage 1 (no subjective or objective cognitive decline) subjects, after controlling for demographic and temporal variables. Because GDS 2 subjects have previously demonstrated impairment in comparison with healthy persons free of complaints, we herein suggest the terminology "SCD(I)" for these persons. 98 SCD(I) persons, 63 women and 35 men, mean baseline age, 67.12±8.75 years, with a mean educational background of 15.55±2.60 years, and mean baseline MMSE scores of 28.9±1.24 were followed for 2.13±0.30 years. RESULTS Observed annual decline on the GDS was 6.701% per annum, very close to a 1986 published estimate. At follow up, the MMSE, and 7 of 8 psychometric tests did not decline significantly. Of 21 Hamilton Depression Scale items, 2 improved and the remainder were unchanged. Anxieties declined from multiple perspectives. The Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) declined significantly (p < 0.001), with component declines in Remote memory (p < 0.01), and Functioning/self-care (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION SCD(I) persons decline at an annual rate of approximately 6.7% /year from several recent studies. The BCRS assessments and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test can be sensitive measures for future studies of progression mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, and Medicine, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Québec, Canada.,Subjective Cognitive Impairment Working Group, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI).,Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Professional Interest Area (PIA), Alzheimer's Association
| | - Carol Torossian
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie B Shulman
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Monteiro
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Istvan Boksay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Golomb
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francoise Guillo Benarous
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anaztasia Ulysse
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thet Oo
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alok Vedvyas
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia A Rao
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karyn Marsh
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Kluger
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sangha
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mudasar Hassan
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Munther Alshalabi
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fauzia Arain
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maja Buj
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunnie Kenowsky
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arjun V Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Rabin
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Professional Interest Area (PIA), Alzheimer's Association
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Roozbeh Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Subjective Cognitive Impairment Working Group, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI)
| | - Mar A Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Subjective Cognitive Impairment Working Group, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI)
| | - Stefanie Auer
- Department for Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Yian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sadowski
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, and Medicine, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Québec, Canada.,Subjective Cognitive Impairment Working Group, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI)
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|