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Hemmeda L, Anwer L, Abbas M, Elfaki L, Omer M, Khalid M, Hassan M, Mostafa M, Hamza L, Mahmoud M, Osman MM, Mohamed M, Bakheet L, Omer AT. The unbroken chain of female genital mutilation: a qualitative assessment of high school girls' perspectives. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38172761 PMCID: PMC10765796 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is defined as any procedure that involves damage to the female external genitalia. This practice is majorly prevalent in Sudan, as it is estimated that over 12 million Sudanese women are circumcised. This study uncovers rural females' knowledge and insights about FGM domestically. METHODS A qualitative, deductive study with thematic analysis was conducted. A total of 42 female high school students were recruited and divided into five focus groups, each of which included girls from four different high school classes in the main school of the study area. A topic guide was prepared and used to lead the focus groups. Thematic analysis was used, and the study data had been categorized into four themes: knowledge, procedure and performance, experience, and practice. The condensed meaning units of each theme were identified, then classified to formulate sub-themes. RESULTS All the participants indicated that FGM is a traditional practice in the village. The vast majority have heard about it from family members, mainly mothers and grandmothers. Regarding the procedure, all the participants agreed that midwives perform FGM, but most of them don't know what exactly is being removed. According to all participants, mothers and grandmothers are the decision-makers for FGM. The majority of the participants stated that they do not discriminate between the circumcised and uncircumcised women and most of them agreed that circumcision has negative side effects. They have mentioned pain, difficult urination, and walking as early side effects, while psychological impacts and labor obstruction as late ones. Generally, the majority of the participants agreed that circumcision is not beneficial and should stop. CONCLUSION Knowledge regarding the dangers of FGM among high school girls is better than expected given the high prevalence of the practice. Generally, the process is well understood, the performers are known, the experience is universal, and the side effects are acknowledged. Nevertheless, a majority still showed an intent to circumcise their daughters in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hemmeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Lena Anwer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Marwa Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Lina Elfaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maram Omer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maab Khalid
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mushrega Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mihrab Mostafa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Lina Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maab Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maram Mohamed Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mozan Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Lamees Bakheet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alaa T Omer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 11111, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Hemmeda L, Ahmed AS, Omer M. Sudan's armed rivalry: A comment on the vulnerable healthcare system catastrophe. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1517. [PMID: 37621384 PMCID: PMC10444969 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sudan War 2023 is a military conflict that erupted in the heart of a paralyzed state system. A total of 68% of hospitals are presently closed, with the remainder operating just partially owing to a lack of staff, medical supplies, and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, due to power outages, Sudan's vaccination and insulin stocks are under jeopardy. Additionally, patients with chronic conditions have difficulty receiving their prescriptions. This unaccounted-for conflict is expected to degrade Sudan's already-weak healthcare sector by the recent COVID-19 pandemic and 2018 revolution. Humanitarian emergency care is being offered by numerous non-for-profit organizations and civilians initiatives; but, more measures, notably aimed at preventing political upheaval, are required to save the country's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hemmeda
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Alaa S. Ahmed
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Maram Omer
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
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Popov V, Andreescu M, Patrinoiu O, Popescu M, Omer M, Mihai F, Ofiteru G, Despan C, Constantin O, Pirvu C, Grigorie A, Rus A, Badoiu Niculae MD, Badea A, Iliescu L. P1601: THE ASSESSMENT OF PREDICTIVE ROLE OF PROTEIN C AND S FOR CRITICAL FORM OF COVID-19. Hemasphere 2022. [PMCID: PMC9430941 DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000849260.73241.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Omer M, Amir-Khalili A, Sojoudi A, Thao Le T, A Cook S, Faye Toh D, Bryant J, Chin C, Miguel Paiva J, Fung K, Aung N, Y Khanji M, Rauseo E, Cooper J, E Petersen S. Assessing automated CMR contouring algorithms using systematic contour quality scoring analysis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): SmartHeart EPSRC programme grant (www.nihr.ac.uk), London Medical Imaging and AI Centre for Value-Based Healthcare
Background
Quality measures for machine learning algorithms include clinical measures such as end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) volume, volumetric overlaps such as Dice similarity coefficient and surface distances such as Hausdorff distance. These measures capture differences between manually drawn and automated contours but fail to capture the trust of a clinician to an automatically generated contour.
Purpose
We propose to directly capture clinicians’ trust in a systematic way. We display manual and automated contours sequentially in random order and ask the clinicians to score the contour quality. We then perform statistical analysis for both sources of contours and stratify results based on contour type.
Data
The data selected for this experiment came from the National Health Center Singapore. It constitutes CMR scans from 313 patients with diverse pathologies including: healthy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertension (HTN), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), and myocarditis. Each study contains a short axis (SAX) stack, with ED and ES phases manually annotated. Automated contours are generated for each SAX image for which manual annotation is available. For this, a machine learning algorithm trained at Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc. is applied and the resulting predictions are saved to be displayed in the contour quality scoring (CQS) application.
Methods: The CQS application displays manual and automated contours in a random order and presents the user an option to assign a contour quality score
1: Unacceptable, 2: Bad, 3: Fair, 4: Good. The UK Biobank standard operating procedure is used for assessing the quality of the contoured images. Quality scores are assigned based on how the contour affects clinical outcomes. However, as images are presented independent of spatiotemporal context, contour quality is assessed based on how well the area of the delineated structure is approximated. Consequently, small contours and small deviations are rarely assigned a quality score of less than 2, as they are not clinically relevant. Special attention is given to the RV-endo contours as often, mostly in basal images, two separate contours appear. In such cases, a score of 3 is given if the two disjoint contours sufficiently encompass the underlying anatomy; otherwise they are scored as 2 or 1.
Results
A total of 50991 quality scores (24208 manual and 26783 automated) are generated by five expert raters. The mean score for all manual and automated contours are 3.77 ± 0.48 and 3.77 ± 0.52, respectively. The breakdown of mean quality scores by contour type is included in Fig. 1a while the distribution of quality scores for various raters are shown in Fig. 1b.
Conclusion
We proposed a method of comparing the quality of manual versus automated contouring methods. Results suggest similar statistics in quality scores for both sources of contours.
Abstract Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- M Omer
- Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc., Calgary, Canada
| | | | - A Sojoudi
- Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc., Calgary, Canada
| | - T Thao Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S A Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Faye Toh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - K Fung
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Aung
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Y Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Rauseo
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Cooper
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S E Petersen
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Alarfaj R, Aljihani S, Alzayer M, Johani SA, Balkhy H, Yassin A, Omer M, AlKhulaifi M, Alghoribi M, Halwani M. The Inhibitory activity of Tobramycin and Liposomal-Tobramycin-N-Acetylcysteine formulations Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Biofilms. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abdalla AS, Salih A, Chicken W, Idaewor P, Elamass M, Omer M, Eldruki S, Comez T, Barron M, Asaad A. Ki-67 expression impact on lympho-vascular invasion presence in early breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Apaydin A, Kocaelli H, Omer M. Management of self-inflicted gunshot (pellet) wounds of the jaws with Le fort I osteotomy followed by implant insertion and prosthetic rehabilitation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Montes VN, Subramanian S, Goodspeed L, Wang SA, Omer M, Bobik A, Teshigawara K, Nishibori M, Chait A. Anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e161. [PMID: 26075638 PMCID: PMC4491852 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in obesity is believed to be propagated by adipose tissue and liver inflammation. HMGB1 is a multifunctional protein that is pro-inflammatory when released from cells. It has been previously demonstrated that anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces atherosclerotic lesion pro-inflammatory cells and progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. To test the potential beneficial role of blocking HMGB1 in adipose tissue and liver inflammation in mice fed an obesogenic diet, we administered anti-HMGB1 antibody to C57Bl/6 mice fed a high (60%)-fat diet. The mice were treated with weekly injections of an anti-HMGB1 antibody or anti-KLH antibody (isotype control) for 16 weeks. Mice that received the anti-HMGB1 antibody gained less weight than the control-treated animals. Anti-HMGB1 treatment also reduced hepatic expression of TNF-alpha and MCP-1, molecules that promote inflammation. However, adipose tissue inflammation, as measured by gene expression analyses and immunohistochemistry, did not differ between the two groups. There also were no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance between the two groups. When feeding mice a high-fat diet, these data suggest that HMGB1 may have a crucial role in weight gain and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Montes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Subramanian
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Goodspeed
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S A Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Omer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Bobik
- BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - A Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a case review of a 58-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with pyrexia, dyspnoea, dehydration and pain in her left breast six months following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although her sternotomy wound had healed well, examination revealed fluctuance of the whole precordium and left breast. She underwent antibiotic treatment and subsequent surgical debridement, followed by the application of vacuum-assisted dressings. Surgical reconstruction was deemed unsuitable and therefore the patient continued to be managed with vacuum dressings followed by routine dressings to allow the wound to heal by secondary intention. The patient was discharged three months after initial presentation in a good condition. The wound had completely healed four months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mustafa
- Specialist Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - C Carr
- Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Alkhafagi
- Specialist Cardiothoracic Surgeon,Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - N Mughal
- Clinical Associate, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Omer
- Clinical Associate, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Alkhulaifi
- Chairman of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Omer M. O717 Establishment of a gynecological laparoscopy unit in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan - challenges and outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salman M, Omer M. O819 Implementation of health systems in reducing maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dobinson KF, Harrington MA, Omer M, Rowe RC. Molecular Characterization of Vegetative Compatibility Group 4A and 4B Isolates of Verticillium dahliae Associated with Potato Early Dying. Plant Dis 2000; 84:1241-1245. [PMID: 30832175 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2000.84.11.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forty isolates of Verticillium dahliae, collected from potato seed tubers and potato plants from various regions in North America and previously assigned to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 4A or 4B, were characterized using molecular markers. The VCG 4A isolates were previously shown to be a highly virulent pathotype of potato and to interact synergistically with the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans to cause potato early dying. All but one of the VCG 4A isolates characterized in this study lacked the subspecies-specific repetitive DNA sequence E18 and could be differentiated from the remaining isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the nuclear rDNA and Trp1 loci. The E18 RFLP patterns of several VCG 4B isolates from Maine and New York were highly similar to those of VCG 4B isolates previously collected from potato and tomato fields in Ontario. The data presented here suggest that the molecular markers will be useful for the detection and classification of isolates of V. dahliae associated with potato early dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Dobinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - M A Harrington
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - M Omer
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - R C Rowe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
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