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Stevens ES, Funkhouser CJ, Auerbach RP, Talati A, Gameroff MG, Posner JE, Weissman MM, Shankman SA. Inhibition Predicts the Course of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Familial Risk. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:100-107. [PMID: 36044650 PMCID: PMC9892173 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Numerous theoretical models suggest that inhibition difficulties-the inability to moderate automatic responses-contribute to the onset and/or maintenance of internalizing symptoms. Inhibition deficits and internalizing disorders run in families and share overlapping genetic risk factors, suggesting that inhibition deficits may be particularly prognostic of internalizing symptoms in those with high familial risk. This study tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal sample during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. As hypothesized, prospective associations between inhibition and anxiety and depressive symptoms 8 years later were moderated by familial risk for depression. Specifically, poorer inhibition prospectively predicted greater anxiety and depressive symptoms in those at high (but not low) familial risk for major depressive disorder. These findings provide preliminary support for impaired inhibition as an indicator of risk for later internalizing symptoms in those at high familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Stevens
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Carter J. Funkhouser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Translational Epidemiology, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Translational Epidemiology, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marc G. Gameroff
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Translational Epidemiology, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jonathan E. Posner
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Translational Epidemiology, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeon, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Translational Epidemiology, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611
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