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Sprooten J, Vanmeerbeek I, Datsi A, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Laureano RS, Borràs DM, Calvet A, Malviya V, Kuballa M, Felsberg J, Sabel MC, Rapp M, Knobbe-Thomsen C, Liu P, Zhao L, Kepp O, Boon L, Tejpar S, Borst J, Kroemer G, Schlenner S, De Vleeschouwer S, Sorg RV, Garg AD. Lymph node and tumor-associated PD-L1 + macrophages antagonize dendritic cell vaccines by suppressing CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101377. [PMID: 38232703 PMCID: PMC10829875 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Current immunotherapies provide limited benefits against T cell-depleted tumors, calling for therapeutic innovation. Using multi-omics integration of cancer patient data, we predict a type I interferon (IFN) responseHIGH state of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, with efficacious clinical impact. However, preclinical DC vaccines recapitulating this state by combining immunogenic cancer cell death with induction of type I IFN responses fail to regress mouse tumors lacking T cell infiltrates. Here, in lymph nodes (LNs), instead of activating CD4+/CD8+ T cells, DCs stimulate immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1-positive (PD-L1+) LN-associated macrophages (LAMs). Moreover, DC vaccines also stimulate PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This creates two anatomically distinct niches of PD-L1+ macrophages that suppress CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, a combination of PD-L1 blockade with DC vaccines achieves significant tumor regression by depleting PD-L1+ macrophages, suppressing myeloid inflammation, and de-inhibiting effector/stem-like memory T cells. Importantly, clinical DC vaccines also potentiate T cell-suppressive PD-L1+ TAMs in glioblastoma patients. We propose that a multimodal immunotherapy and vaccination regimen is mandatory to overcome T cell-depleted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S Laureano
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Borràs
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Calvet
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanshika Malviya
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Kuballa
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Knobbe-Thomsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Laboratory for Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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