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Soemantri D, Findyartini A, Greviana N, Mustika R, Felaza E, Wahid M, Steinert Y. Deconstructing the professional identity formation of basic science teachers in medical education. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2023; 28:169-180. [PMID: 35915274 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of basic science teachers (BSTs) in medical education has been changing dynamically. Less is known, however, about how BSTs perceive their professional identity and what factors influence its formation. This study aims to explore how the professional identity of BSTs is formed and what factors influence this professional identity formation (PIF) using the 4S ("Situation, Self, Support, Strategies") Schlossberg framework. METHOD A qualitative descriptive study using focus groups (FGs) was conducted. Maximum variation sampling was used to purposively select BSTs. A rigorous thematic analysis was completed, including independent thematic analysis, intermittent checking and iterative discussions among researchers, and member checking. RESULTS Nine FGs, involving 60 teachers, were conducted. The findings highlighted four major themes reflecting the 4S framework: the self as internal driver, early-career events and opportunities, individual and institutional support, and active participation in continuing professional development. Both the "Self" and the "Situation" components prompted the BSTs to utilize supports and enact strategies to become professional teachers. Although the BSTs in this study were primarily internally driven, they relied more on existing support systems rather than engaging in various strategies to support their growth. CONCLUSION It is important to address the PIF of BSTs given their dynamic roles. Looking through the lens of the 4S framework, PIF is indeed a transition process. A structured, stepwise faculty development program, including mentorship, reflective practice, and a community of practice designed to foster BSTs' identities, should be created, taking into consideration the diverse factors influencing the PIF of BSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diantha Soemantri
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ardi Findyartini
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Nadia Greviana
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rita Mustika
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Estivana Felaza
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mardiastuti Wahid
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yvonne Steinert
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Menaldi SL, Raharjanti NW, Wahid M, Ramadianto AS, Nugrahadi NR, Adhiguna GMYP, Kusumoningrum DA. Burnout and coping strategies among resident physicians at an Indonesian tertiary referral hospital during COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280313. [PMID: 36662883 PMCID: PMC9858322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden on resident physicians. They may use different coping strategies to manage those burdens, which partly determine their mental health outcomes, including burnout syndrome. This study explores the relationship between coping strategies and burnout among resident physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indonesian tertiary referral hospital. METHODS This online cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2020, involving nine residency programs in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Burnout syndrome was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory, while Brief COPE measured coping strategies. RESULTS A total of 388 residents participated in this study. High emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA) were found in 15.5%, 5.2%, and 39.2%, respectively. Residents more often use adaptive than maladaptive coping strategies. Higher PA was correlated to residents using problem-focused (r = 0.299; p < 0.001) and emotion-focused (r = 0.397; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, dysfunctional coping strategies are moderately correlated with EE (r = 0,518; p <0,001) and DP (r = 0,507; p<0,001). CONCLUSION The use of dysfunctional coping strategies is linked to higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization aspect of burnout. However, a higher sense of personal accomplishment is linked to problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. Appropriate identification and intervention of residents with dysfunctional coping strategies may be beneficial in reducing burnout risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Linuwih Menaldi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Natalia Widiasih Raharjanti
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mardiastuti Wahid
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adhitya Sigit Ramadianto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - G. M. Yudi Prasetia Adhiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Anggraeni Kusumoningrum
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wahid M, Jawed A, Mandal RK, Dailah HG, Janahi EM, Dhama K, Somvanshi P, Haque S. Variants of SARS-CoV-2, their effects on infection, transmission and neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:5857-5864. [PMID: 34604978 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The current study reviewed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants for their effects on infection, transmission and neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research articles for the current study were searched over PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science online databases. The keywords used were: (("SARS-CoV-2" OR "COVID-19") AND ("mutation" OR "variant") AND ("death" OR "hospitalization" OR "infection" OR "transmission") AND ("antibody" OR "neutralize" OR "vaccine")). A total of 333 research articles were retrieved through online-database search. These articles were further scrutinized for their relevancy. Additionally, searches were performed to find the latest relevant information over Google search engine and relevant news browsers. Finally, around 35 germane articles were considered for scripting the current report. RESULTS: The mutations have changed amino acids at key positions in spike protein viz. S477N, E484K, Q677H, E484Q, L452R, K417T, K417N and N501Y. These mutations are relevant for different characteristics and are present in newly evolved strains of SARS-CoV-2 like E484K in B.1.526, B.1.525, P.2, B.1.1.7, P.1 and B.1.351. Mutations have increased the immune escape potential leading to 3.5-6.5-folds decrease in neutralization of antibodies (Pfizer and Moderna vaccines). The variant, B.1.617 circulating in India and many other countries (double variant) having E484Q and L452R mutations, has raised the infection rate and decreased the neutralization capacity of the vaccine-induced antibodies. Deadly K417N+E484K+N501Y triplet mutations found in B.1.351 and P.1 have increased the transmission ability of these strains by 50% leading to greater COVID-19 hospitalization, ICU admissions and deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The new SARS-CoV-2 variants have compromised the neutralization potential of the currently used vaccines, but still, they have considerable efficacy to reduce infection and mortality. Graphical Abstract https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical_Abstract.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Akhter N, Ahmad S, Alzahrani FA, Dar SA, Wahid M, Haque S, Bhatia K, Sr Almalki S, Alharbi RA, Sindi AAA. Impact of COVID-19 on the cerebrovascular system and the prevention of RBC lysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:10267-10278. [PMID: 33090438 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202010_23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) uses Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to infect host cells which may lead to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Given the presence of ACE2 receptors in the brain and the critical role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain functions, special attention to brain microcirculation and neuronal inflammation is warranted during COVID-19 treatment. Neurological complications reported among COVID-19 patients range from mild dizziness, headache, hypogeusia, hyposmia to severe like encephalopathy, stroke, Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), CNS demyelination, infarcts, microhemorrhages and nerve root enhancement. The pathophysiology of these complications is likely via direct viral infection of the CNS and PNS tissue or through indirect effects including post- viral autoimmune response, neurological consequences of sepsis, hyperpyrexia, hypoxia and hypercoagulability among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Further, decreased deformability of red blood cells (RBC) may be contributing to inflammatory conditions and hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. Haptoglobin, hemopexin, heme oxygenase-1 and acetaminophen may be used to maintain the integrity of the RBC membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia. ;
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Haque S, Jawed A, Akhter N, Dar SA, Khan F, Mandal RK, Areeshi MY, Lohani M, Wahid M. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): a potent medicine for preventing COVID-19 deaths caused by thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:9244-9245. [PMID: 33015764 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Dar SA, Wahid M, Haque S, Almalki SS, Akhter N. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in G6PD deficient COVID-19 patients and the risk of Acute Hemeolytic Anaemia (AHA). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:7923-7924. [PMID: 32767316 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Kim HSJ, Wahid M, Choi C, Das P, Jung S, Khosa F. Bibliometric analysis of manuscript characteristics that influence citations: A comparison of ten major dermatology journals. Burns 2020; 46:1686-1692. [PMID: 32536449 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of citations an article receives is a reassuring marker for its influence in the academic world. OBJECTIVE We aimed to discover characteristics of dermatology articles that may impact their citation. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected and analyzed articles published between January and June 2013 from ten highest impact dermatology journals. The study included manuscript characteristics i.e. the length of an article, the presence of visual aids, accessibility, originality, and clarity. Citation analysis statistics required multiple tools such as linear regression, point-biserial correlation, Spearman's rank-order correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis to determine the association between these study variables and the number of citations of articles. RESULTS Of 748 articles included in our study, the number of citations ranged from 0 to 814 (median: 18), with weak positive correlations to the length of manuscript (word count: rs 0.3, p<0.001; pages: rs 0.3, p<0.001). Having a structured abstract (rpb -0.15, p<0.001) and increasing number of references (rs -0.26, p<0.001) showed a negative correlation. Studies originating in North America were associated with higher citations, followed by Europe and Asia (p<0.001). Review articles had a higher number of citations (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that the number of words and the number of pages within a dermatology manuscript had the strongest positive correlation for a higher citation count. The results of this study can benefit authors who may improve the citation of their articles by utilizing this bibliometric study when assembling their manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S J Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Wahid
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Choi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Das
- Education & Proficiency Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain
| | - S Jung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Khosa
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Mostafa H, Lotfy M, Wahid M. Long-Term Results of Multiple Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Cage Fusion Technique: Results of Multiple Centre Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2824-2828. [PMID: 31844444 PMCID: PMC6901846 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cervical herniation is commonly treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) if conservative management has failed in relief of the patient’s symptoms. Disc fusion is needed after ACDF as anterior longitudinal ligament will be absent after doing the operation, especially if multiple levels are needed. The occurrence of complications as cage subsidence and adjacent segment failure related to the length of follow up as they are increasing in percentage is directly proportional to the length of follow up. AIM: Analysis of the results for patients who underwent 3 levels of ACDF with cage fusion for short term and long term follow up in multiple centres as the visual analogue score for neck pain & brachialgia. METHODS: This retrospective cohort series of 68 patients selected out of 136 patients suffering from 3 levels of degenerative cervical disc disease who were unresponsive to adequate conservative therapy. All cases were treated at one of the neurosurgery departments of 3 different hospitals (Naser institute for research and treatment hospital, Haram hospital for research and treatment and Misr university for science and technology) by the same surgical team in the period from February 2012 to February 2017. RESULTS: We found in this study;68 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, of the 29 patients underwent 3 levels of ACDF starting from C3-4 (42.65%) and 39 patients who underwent 3 levels of ACDF starting from C4-5 (57.35%). Clinical assessment for VAS pain score for both neck pain and radiculopathy were done before the surgery and immediately post-operative and during each time follow up visit and we found statistically significant immediate postoperative improvement. (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Stand-alone three levels of an anterior cervical discectomy with cage fusion technique improved the clinical outcomes on long term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Mostafa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Lotfy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Wahid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Sitohang IBS, Fathan H, Effendi E, Wahid M. The susceptibility of pathogens associated with acne vulgaris to antibiotics. Med J Indones 2019. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i1.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous disorder. Bacterial activity and inflammation both influence acne formation. Antibiotics suppress the bacterial activities and elicit anti-inflammatory effects. The overuse of antibiotics may lead to resistance in bacteria. This study was aimed to provide an overview of bacteria that may cause acne and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study sampling from 93 patients with acne in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital. Comedones were extracted and cultured on Brucella blood agar, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 35oC for 24–48 hours. Bacterial identification was performed using Vitek®, and susceptibility test using E-test. Data interpretation was based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2015.RESULTS Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.5%), Propionibacterium acnes (11.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%) were identified. Bacteria were not found in 69.2% and 1.1% of samples in anaerobic and aerobic cultures, respectively. P. acnes was susceptible to doxycycline (100%) and minocycline (100%), while 10% was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. S. epidermidis was susceptible to minocycline (100%); but resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%) and tetracycline (32.6%). The susceptibility of S. epidermidis to doxycycline was 89.1%, which was lower than that of P. acnes (100%). S. aureus was found to be sensitive to minocycline (100%), doxycycline (71.4%), clindamycin (71.4%), and tetracycline (71.4%); but it was resistant to erythromycin (42.9%).CONCLUSIONS Doxycycline and minocycline showed 100% effectiveness for P. acnes. The isolated bacteria were more susceptible to doxycycline compared to tetracycline. The use of clindamycin and erythromycin needs to be limited as most S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to both.
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Ali M, Shaukat A, Farrag A, Kandil M, Mohammad B, Ansari J, Ali A, Wahid M. Response to induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its correlation to overall survival: Tertiary centre experience in the Middle Eastern population. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx665.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wahid M, Prasarnpun S, Yimtragool N. Cadmium accumulation and metallothionein gene expression in the liver of swamp eel (Monopterus albus) collected from the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-03-gmr.16039748. [PMID: 28973732 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is produced mainly as a by-product of zinc mining. In Thailand, the largest zinc mine is located in the Mae Sot district, Tak Province. Samples of Monopterus albus were collected from paddy fields in 4 sites, three downstream and one upstream from the zinc mine. The upstream site was considered to be uncontaminated while the three downstream sites were considered to be contaminated with Cd. Studies on the accumulation level of cadmium were conducted on the liver of the fish using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique. The metallothionein (MT) gene expression level in the liver, as a potential biomarker for long-term Cd exposure in their natural habitat, was also assessed. The level of hepatic MT gene expression was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. The result showed that Cd accumulation in the liver was much higher in swamp eels collected from the downstream sites when compared to those collected from the upstream site. The hepatic MT level in the upstream site was 0.75-fold, while the other three downstream sites were 0.36-, 4.44- and 0.94-fold. There is no parallel correlation between hepatic cadmium levels and hepatic MT gene expression. This study then suggests that MT gene expression biomarkers might be not suitable for swamp eels with prolonged exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wahid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, , , Thailand
| | - S Prasarnpun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, , , Thailand
| | - N Yimtragool
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, , , Thailand
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Reithinger R, Mohsen M, Wahid M, Bismullah M, Quinnell RJ, Davies CR, Kolaczinski J, David JR. Efficacy of Thermotherapy to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused byLeishmania tropicain Kabul, Afghanistan: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1148-55. [PMID: 15791515 DOI: 10.1086/428736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentavalent antimony is the agent recommended for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Its use is problematic, because it is expensive and because of the potential for drug-associated adverse effects during a lengthy and painful treatment course. METHODS We tested the efficacy of thermotherapy for the treatment of CL due to Leishmania tropica in a randomized, controlled trial in Kabul, Afghanistan. We enrolled 401 patients with a single CL lesion and administered thermotherapy using radio-frequency waves (1 treatment of >or=1 consecutive application at 50 degrees C for 30 s) or sodium stibogluconate (SSG), administered either intralesionally (a total of 5 injections of 2-5 mL every 5-7 days, depending on lesion size) or intramuscularly (20 mg/kg daily for 21 days). RESULTS Cure, defined as complete reepithelialization at 100 days after treatment initiation, was observed in 75 (69.4%) of 108 patients who received thermotherapy, 70 (75.3%) of 93 patients who received intralesional SSG, and 26 (44.8%) of 58 patients who received intramuscular SSG. The OR for cure with thermotherapy was 2.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-5.41), compared with intramuscular SSG treatment (P=.002). No statistically significant difference was observed in the odds of cure in comparison of intralesional SSG and thermotherapy treatments. The OR for cure with intralesional SSG treatment was 3.75 (95% CI, 1.86-7.54), compared with intramuscular SSG treatment (P<.001). The time to cure was significantly shorter in the thermotherapy group (median, 53 days) than in the intralesional SSG or intramuscularly SSG group (median, 75 days and >100 days, respectively; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS Thermotherapy is an effective, comparatively well-tolerated, and rapid treatment for CL, and it should be considered as an alternative to antimony treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reithinger
- Malaria and Leishmaniasis Control Program, HealthNet International, University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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