1
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Judith D, Versapuech M, Bejjani F, Palaric M, Verlhac P, Kuster A, Lepont L, Gallois-Montbrun S, Janvier K, Berlioz-Torrent C. ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217451120. [PMID: 37155854 PMCID: PMC10193943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217451120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2)/tetherin is a restriction factor that reduces HIV-1 dissemination by tethering virus at the cell surface. BST2 also acts as a sensor of HIV-1 budding, establishing a cellular antiviral state. The HIV-1 Vpu protein antagonizes BST2 antiviral functions via multiple mechanisms, including the subversion of an LC3C-associated pathway, a key cell intrinsic antimicrobial mechanism. Here, we describe the first step of this viral-induced LC3C-associated process. This process is initiated at the plasma membrane through the recognition and internalization of virus-tethered BST2 by ATG5, an autophagy protein. ATG5 and BST2 assemble as a complex, independently of the viral protein Vpu and ahead of the recruitment of the ATG protein LC3C. The conjugation of ATG5 with ATG12 is dispensable for this interaction. ATG5 recognizes cysteine-linked homodimerized BST2 and specifically engages phosphorylated BST2 tethering viruses at the plasma membrane, in an LC3C-associated pathway. We also found that this LC3C-associated pathway is used by Vpu to attenuate the inflammatory responses mediated by virion retention. Overall, we highlight that by targeting BST2 tethering viruses, ATG5 acts as a signaling scaffold to trigger an LC3C-associated pathway induced by HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Judith
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Bejjani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Marjory Palaric
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Aurelia Kuster
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Leslie Lepont
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | | | - Katy Janvier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
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2
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Vauthier V, Lasserre A, Morel M, Versapuech M, Berlioz-Torrent C, Zamborlini A, Margottin-Goguet F, Matkovic R. HUSH-mediated HIV silencing is independent of TASOR phosphorylation on threonine 819. Retrovirology 2022; 19:23. [PMID: 36309692 PMCID: PMC9618200 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TASOR, a component of the HUSH repressor epigenetic complex, and SAMHD1, a cellular triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase), are both anti-HIV proteins antagonized by HIV-2/SIVsmm Viral protein X. As a result, the same viral protein is able to relieve two different blocks along the viral life cell cycle, one at the level of reverse transcription, by degrading SAMHD1, the other one at the level of proviral expression, by degrading TASOR. Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 has been shown to downregulate its antiviral activity. The discovery that T819 in TASOR was lying within a SAMHD1 T592-like motif led us to ask whether TASOR is phosphorylated on this residue and whether this post-translational modification could regulate its repressive activity. RESULTS Using a specific anti-phospho-antibody, we found that TASOR is phosphorylated at T819, especially in cells arrested in early mitosis by nocodazole. We provide evidence that the phosphorylation is conducted by a Cyclin/CDK1 complex, like that of SAMHD1 at T592. While we could not detect TASOR in quiescent CD4 + T cells, TASOR and its phosphorylated form are present in activated primary CD4 + T lymphocytes. In addition, TASOR phosphorylation appears to be independent from TASOR repressive activity. Indeed, on the one hand, nocodazole barely reactivates HIV-1 in the J-Lat A1 HIV-1 latency model despite TASOR T819 phosphorylation. On the other hand, etoposide, a second cell cycle arresting drug, reactivates latent HIV-1, without concomitant TASOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, overexpression of wt TASOR or T819A or T819E similarly represses gene expression driven by an HIV-1-derived LTR promoter. Finally, while TASOR is degraded by HIV-2 Vpx, TASOR phosphorylation is prevented by HIV-1 Vpr, likely as a consequence of HIV-1 Vpr-mediated-G2 arrest. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we show that TASOR phosphorylation occurs in vivo on T819. This event does not appear to correlate with TASOR-mediated HIV-1 silencing. We speculate that TASOR phosphorylation is related to a role of TASOR during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vauthier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Lasserre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marina Morel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Alessia Zamborlini
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Roy Matkovic
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France.
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3
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Nguyen Quang N, Goudey S, Ségéral E, Mohammad A, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Versapuech M, Paillart JC, Berlioz-Torrent C, Emiliani S, Gallois-Montbrun S. Dynamic nanopore long-read sequencing analysis of HIV-1 splicing events during the early steps of infection. Retrovirology 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32807178 PMCID: PMC7433067 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing is a key step in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication that is tightly regulated both temporally and spatially. More than 50 different transcripts can be generated from a single HIV-1 unspliced pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) and a balanced proportion of unspliced and spliced transcripts is critical for the production of infectious virions. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of viral RNA is therefore of potential therapeutic interest. However, monitoring the regulation of alternative splicing events at a transcriptome-wide level during cell infection is challenging. Here we used the long-read cDNA sequencing developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) to explore in a quantitative manner the complexity of the HIV-1 transcriptome regulation in infected primary CD4+ T cells. Results ONT reads mapping to the viral genome proved sufficiently long to span all possible splice junctions, even distant ones, and to be assigned to a total of 150 exon combinations. Fifty-three viral RNA isoforms, including 14 new ones were further considered for quantification. Relative levels of viral RNAs determined by ONT sequencing showed a high degree of reproducibility, compared favourably to those produced in previous reports and highly correlated with quantitative PCR (qPCR) data. To get further insights into alternative splicing regulation, we then compiled quantifications of splice site (SS) usage and transcript levels to build “splice trees”, a quantitative representation of the cascade of events leading to the different viral isoforms. This approach allowed visualizing the complete rewiring of SS usages upon perturbation of SS D2 and its impact on viral isoform levels. Furthermore, we produced the first dynamic picture of the cascade of events occurring between 12 and 24 h of viral infection. In particular, our data highlighted the importance of non-coding exons in viral RNA transcriptome regulation. Conclusion ONT sequencing is a convenient and reliable strategy that enabled us to grasp the dynamic of the early splicing events modulating the viral RNA landscape in HIV-1 infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nguyen Quang
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Goudey
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Ségéral
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Genomic Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- Genomic Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Genomic Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Paillart
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, IBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Stéphane Emiliani
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014, Paris, France.
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4
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Megrelis L, El Ghoul E, Moalli F, Versapuech M, Cassim S, Ruef N, Stein JV, Mangeney M, Delon J. Fam65b Phosphorylation Relieves Tonic RhoA Inhibition During T Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2001. [PMID: 30254631 PMCID: PMC6141708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Fam65b as an atypical inhibitor of the small G protein RhoA. Using a conditional model of a Fam65b-deficient mouse, we first show that Fam65b restricts spontaneous RhoA activation in resting T lymphocytes and regulates intranodal T cell migration in vivo. We next aimed at understanding, at the molecular level, how the brake that Fam65b exerts on RhoA can be relieved upon signaling to allow RhoA activation. Here, we show that chemokine stimulation phosphorylates Fam65b in T lymphocytes. This post-translational modification decreases the affinity of Fam65b for RhoA and favors Fam65b shuttling from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Functionally, we show that the degree of Fam65b phosphorylation controls some cytoskeletal alterations downstream active RhoA such as actin polymerization, as well as T cell migration in vitro. Altogether, our results show that Fam65b expression and phosphorylation can finely tune the amount of active RhoA in order to favor optimal T lymphocyte motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Megrelis
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elyas El Ghoul
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nora Ruef
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Mangeney
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delon
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Froehlich J, Versapuech M, Megrelis L, Largeteau Q, Meunier S, Tanchot C, Bismuth G, Delon J, Mangeney M. FAM65B controls the proliferation of transformed and primary T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63215-63225. [PMID: 27556504 PMCID: PMC5325358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell quiescence is controlled by regulated genome-encoded programs that actively express genes which are often down-regulated or inactivated in transformed cells. Among them is FoxO1, a transcription factor that imposes quiescence in several cell types, including T lymphocytes. In these cells, the FAM65B encoding gene is a major target of FOXO1. Here, we show that forced expression of FAM65B in transformed cells blocks their mitosis because of a defect of the mitotic spindle, leading to G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Upon cell proliferation arrest, FAM65B is engaged in a complex containing two proteins well known to be involved in cell proliferation i.e. the HDAC6 deacetylase and the 14.3.3 scaffolding protein. In primary T cells, FAM65B is down-regulated upon T cell receptor engagement, and maintaining its expression blocks their proliferation, establishing that the decrease of FAM65B expression is required for proliferation. Conversely, inhibiting FAM65B expression in naive T lymphocytes decreases their activation threshold. These results identify FAM65B as a potential new target for controlling proliferation of both transformed and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Froehlich
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Megrelis
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Quitterie Largeteau
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- Inserm, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- Inserm, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delon
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Mangeney
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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