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Lévesque S, Beauchemin S, Vallée M, Longtin J, Jacob-Wagner M, Dumaresq J, Dulcey C, Labbé AC. Evaluation of water gargle samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection using Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 assay. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4522-4527. [PMID: 35535382 PMCID: PMC9348367 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Abbott ID NOW™ COVID‐19 assay has been shown as a reliable and sensitive alternative to reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing from nasopharyngeal or nasal samples in symptomatic patients. Water gargle is an acceptable noninvasive alternative specimen for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection by RT‐PCR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of water gargle samples for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 using the ID NOW. Residual gargle samples were randomly selected among positive standard of care (SOC)‐nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) samples. For testing on ID NOW, the manufacturer's instructions were followed, except for the specimen addition step: 500 µl of the gargle specimen was added to the blue sample receiver with a pipette and gently mixed. Among the 202 positive samples by SOC‐NAAT, 185 were positive by ID NOW (positive percent agreement [PPA]) = 91.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.9−95.0). For the 17 discordant samples, cycle threshold (Ct) values were all ≥31.0. The PPA was significantly lower among asymptomatic patients (84.4%; 95% CI: 73.2−92.3) versus symptomatic patients (95.2%; 95% CI: 89.8−98.2). The performance of the ID NOW for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on gargle samples is excellent when Ct values are <31.0 and for patients that have COVID‐19 compatible symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévesque
- Service de microbiologie, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie et infectiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Beauchemin
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maud Vallée
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Longtin
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mariève Jacob-Wagner
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos Dulcey
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service de maladies infectieuses, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gobeille Paré S, Bestman-Smith J, Fafard J, Doualla-Bell F, Jacob-Wagner M, Lavallée C, Charest H, Beauchemin S, Coutlée F, Dumaresq J, Busque L, St-Hilaire M, Lépine G, Boucher V, Desforges M, Goupil-Sormany I, Labbé AC. Natural spring water gargle samples as an alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection using a laboratory-developed test. J Med Virol 2021; 94:985-993. [PMID: 34672374 PMCID: PMC8661969 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate the use of spring water gargle (SWG) as an alternative to oral and nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection with a laboratory‐developed test. Healthcare workers and adults from the general population, presenting to one of two COVID‐19 screening clinics in Montréal and Québec City, were prospectively recruited to provide a gargle sample in addition to the standard ONPS. The paired specimens were analyzed using thermal lysis followed by a laboratory‐developed nucleic acid amplification test (LD‐NAAT) to detect SARS‐CoV‐2, and comparative performance analysis was performed. An individual was considered infected if a positive result was obtained on either sample. A total of 1297 adult participants were recruited. Invalid results (n = 18) were excluded from the analysis. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in 144/1279 (11.3%) participants: 126 from both samples, 15 only from ONPS, and 3 only from SWG. Overall, the sensitivity was 97.9% (95% CI: 93.7–99.3) for ONPS and 89.6% (95% CI: 83.4–93.6; p = 0.005) for SWG. The mean ONPS cycle threshold (Ct) value was significantly lower for the concordant paired samples as compared to discordant ones (22.9 vs. 32.1; p < 0.001). In conclusion, using an LD‐NAAT with thermal lysis, SWG is a less sensitive sampling method than the ONPS. However, the higher acceptability of SWG might enable a higher rate of detection from a population‐based perspective. Nonetheless, in patients with a high clinical suspicion of COVID‐19, a repeated analysis with ONPS should be considered. The sensitivity of SWG using NAAT preceded by chemical extraction should be evaluated. Using a laboratory‐developed NAAT preceded by thermal lysis, the overall percent agreement between spring water gargle (SWG) and oral combined with nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS), sampled at the same time among 1297 participants, is excellent (98.6%). Although the SARS‐CoV‐2 NAAT from SWG is globally less sensitive than from ONPS (89.6% vs. 97.9%), the difference is markedly less in individuals symptomatic for <3 days (2.7%; p=NS) than in those whose symptoms started ≥7 days before testing (35.7%; p= 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gobeille Paré
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Fafard
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Florence Doualla-Bell
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariève Jacob-Wagner
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service de maladies infectieuses, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Beauchemin
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis, Québec, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon St-Hilaire
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guylaine Lépine
- Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Boucher
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Desforges
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département clinique de médecine de laboratoire, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Goupil-Sormany
- Direction de la vigie sanitaire, Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des laboratoires de biologie médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service de maladies infectieuses, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Garneau AP, Carpentier GA, Marcoux AA, Frenette-Cotton R, Simard CF, Rémus-Borel W, Caron L, Jacob-Wagner M, Noël M, Powell JJ, Bélanger R, Côté F, Isenring P. Aquaporins Mediate Silicon Transport in Humans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136149. [PMID: 26313002 PMCID: PMC4551902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, silicon is an abundant and differentially distributed trace element that is believed to play important biological functions. One would thus expect silicon concentrations in body fluids to be regulated by silicon transporters at the surface of many cell types. Curiously, however, and even though they exist in plants and algae, no such transporters have been identified to date in vertebrates. Here, we show for the first time that the human aquaglyceroporins, i.e., AQP3, AQP7, AQP9 and AQP10 can act as silicon transporters in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-293 cells. In particular, heterologously expressed AQP7, AQP9 and AQP10 are all able to induce robust, saturable, phloretin-sensitive silicon transport activity in the range that was observed for low silicon rice 1 (lsi1), a silicon transporter in plant. Furthermore, we show that the aquaglyceroporins appear as relevant silicon permeation pathways in both mice and humans based on 1) the kinetics of substrate transport, 2) their presence in tissues where silicon is presumed to play key roles and 3) their transcriptional responses to changes in dietary silicon. Taken together, our data provide new evidence that silicon is a potentially important biological element in animals and that its body distribution is regulated. They should open up original areas of investigations aimed at deciphering the true physiological role of silicon in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Garneau
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Carpentier
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Marcoux
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachelle Frenette-Cotton
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles F. Simard
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Wilfried Rémus-Borel
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Sciences of Agriculture and Alimentation, Laval Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Caron
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariève Jacob-Wagner
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Micheline Noël
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Powell
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bélanger
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Sciences of Agriculture and Alimentation, Laval Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Côté
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Center, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gagnon M, Bergeron MJ, Lavertu G, Castonguay A, Tripathy S, Bonin RP, Perez-Sanchez J, Boudreau D, Wang B, Dumas L, Valade I, Bachand K, Jacob-Wagner M, Tardif C, Kianicka I, Isenring P, Attardo G, Coull JA, De Koninck Y. Chloride extrusion enhancers as novel therapeutics for neurological diseases. Nat Med 2013; 19:1524-8. [PMID: 24097188 PMCID: PMC4005788 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2 is responsible for maintaining low Cl(-) concentration in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), which is essential for postsynaptic inhibition through GABA(A) and glycine receptors. Although no CNS disorders have been associated with KCC2 mutations, loss of activity of this transporter has emerged as a key mechanism underlying several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, motor spasticity, stress, anxiety, schizophrenia, morphine-induced hyperalgesia and chronic pain. Recent reports indicate that enhancing KCC2 activity may be the favored therapeutic strategy to restore inhibition and normal function in pathological conditions involving impaired Cl(-) transport. We designed an assay for high-throughput screening that led to the identification of KCC2 activators that reduce intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i). Optimization of a first-in-class arylmethylidine family of compounds resulted in a KCC2-selective analog (CLP257) that lowers [Cl(-)]i. CLP257 restored impaired Cl(-) transport in neurons with diminished KCC2 activity. The compound rescued KCC2 plasma membrane expression, renormalized stimulus-evoked responses in spinal nociceptive pathways sensitized after nerve injury and alleviated hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Oral efficacy for analgesia equivalent to that of pregabalin but without motor impairment was achievable with a CLP257 prodrug. These results validate KCC2 as a druggable target for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gagnon
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
- Chlorion Pharma, Inc. Laval, Qc
| | - Marc J. Bergeron
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | - Guillaume Lavertu
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | - Annie Castonguay
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | | | - Robert P. Bonin
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | - Jimena Perez-Sanchez
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | - Dominic Boudreau
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | | | | | | | - Karine Bachand
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | | | - Christian Tardif
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Graduate program in biophotonics, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
| | | | - Paul Isenring
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Qc
| | | | | | - Yves De Koninck
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Qc
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
- Graduate program in biophotonics, Université Laval, Québec, Qc
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Carpentier G, Caron L, Jacob-Wagner M, Isenring P. Role of cystein residues in the normal operation and assembly of K+‐Cl− cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2). FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.988.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Labelle-Dumais C, Jacob-Wagner M, Paré JF, Bélanger L, Dufort D. Nuclear receptor NR5A2 is required for proper primitive streak morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2007; 235:3359-69. [PMID: 17075876 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NR5A2, also known as liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) and fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF), is an orphan nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and steroidogenesis in the adult. NR5A2 was also shown to be expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. Consistent with its early expression pattern, a targeted disruption of this gene leads to embryonic lethality around the gastrulation period. To characterize the embryonic phenotype resulting from NR5A2 loss of function, we undertook morphological and marker gene analyses and showed that NR5A2-/- embryos display growth retardation, epiblast disorganization, a mild embryonic-extraembryonic constriction, as well as abnormal thickening of the proximo-posterior epiblast. We demonstrated that, although initial specification of the anterior-posterior axis occurred in the absence of NR5A2, primitive streak formation was impaired and neither embryonic nor extraembryonic mesoderm was generated. Moreover, although the visceral endoderm does not show major morphological abnormalities in NR5A2-/- embryos, a decrease in the expression level of HNF4 and GATA4 was observed. Aggregation experiments demonstrated that, in the presence of wild-type tetraploid cells, NR5A2 mutant cells in the epiblast are capable of undergoing normal gastrulation. Therefore, our results suggest a requirement for NR5A2 in extraembryonic tissues and identify a novel role of this gene in proper primitive streak morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, RVH, Montreal, Canada
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Paré JF, Malenfant D, Courtemanche C, Jacob-Wagner M, Roy S, Allard D, Bélanger L. The fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) gene is essential to embryogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis and is regulated by a DR4 element. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:21206-16. [PMID: 15014077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) gene was inactivated in the mouse, with a lacZ gene inserted inframe into exon 4. LacZ staining of FTF+/- embryos shows that the mFTF gene is activated at initial stages of zygotic transcription. FTF gene activity is ubiquitous at the morula and blastocyst stages and then follows expression patterns indicative of multiple FTF functions in fetal development. FTF-/- embryos die at E6.5-7.5, with features typical of visceral endoderm dysfunction. Adult FTF+/- mice are hypocholesterolemic, and express liver FTF at about 40% of the normal level. Overexpression of liver FTF in transgenic mice indicates in vivo that FTF is an activator of CYP7A1. However, CYP7A1 expression is increased in FTF+/- liver. Gene expression profiles indicate that higher CYP7A1 expression is caused by attenuated liver cell stress signaling. Diet experiments support a model where FTF is quenched both by activated c-Jun, and by SHP as a stronger feedback mechanism to repress CYP7A1. A DR4 element is conserved in the FTF gene promoter and activated by LXR-RXR and TR-RXR, qualifying the FTF gene as a direct metabolic sensor. Liver FTF increases in rats treated with thyroid hormone or a high cholesterol diet. The FTF DR4 element tightens functional links between FTF and LXRalpha in cholesterol homeostasis and can explain transient surges of FTF gene activities during development and FTF levels lower than predicted in FTF+/- liver. The FTF-lacZ mouse establishes a central role for FTF in developmental, nutritive, and metabolic functions from early embryogenesis through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Paré
- Département de biologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
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