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Torrejon-Rodriguez L, Pinilla-Gonzalez A, Lara Cantón I, Albiach-Delgado A, Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Cernada M, Kuligowski J, Solves Alcaina MP, Gómez I, Vento M, Aguar Carrascosa M. Effect of autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion in the development of retinopathy of prematurity: randomized clinical trial - study protocol. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1269797. [PMID: 37900679 PMCID: PMC10602804 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1269797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the treatment of anemia in preterm infants is based on packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions from adult donors. Oxygen (O2) is mainly transported to the tissues bound to hemoglobin (Hb). In extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which has a higher affinity for O2, represents up to 95% of circulating hemoglobin. During the first month of life, the majority of ELGANs will require an adult-donor RBC transfusion causing HbF levels to rapidly drop. HbA releases 50% more oxygen in peripheral tissues than HbF. Increased release of O2 in the retina is one of the main factors related to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Collecting umbilical cord blood and using autologous umbilical cord whole blood (UCB) transfusions would contribute to maintaining physiological HbF concentrations in newborns and avoid oxygen-in-excess derived damage. Methods This is a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter clinical trial. ELGANs ≤28 weeks of gestational age will be randomized 1:1 to receive an autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion (intervention arm) or standard transfusion of packed RBC from an adult donor (control arm) to assess ROP development. Assuming a 50% reduction in ROP incidence, 134 patients (67 per group) will be recruited. When blood transfusion is indicated, the Blook Bank will supply UCB or RCB according to the patient's group. The primary endpoint is the incidence of any ROP. Secondary endpoints are assessessment of treatment safety, results of biomarkers related to ROP and its chronology, and urine oxidative stress markers. In addition, the cellular composition of umbilical cord blood and its relationship with prematurity-related pathologies will be analyzed. All patients will be followed-up to 24 months of corrected age to evaluate their neurodevelopment. Discussion ROP is a major cause of irreversible blindness in preterm newborns. Transfusions with adult donor blood can lead to complications, including ROP. UCB transfusions offer advantages by maintaining physiological HbF levels and potentially optimizing postnatal development. Moreover, autologous UCB transfusion could reduce risks associated with heterologous blood products, although volume collection remains challenging. UCB contains growth factors and progenitor cells that may impact ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Torrejon-Rodriguez
- Department of Neonatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Lara Cantón
- Department of Neonatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Albiach-Delgado
- Neonatal Research Group, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (HULAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Cernada
- Department of Neonatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (HULAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inés Gómez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (HULAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (HULAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Aguar Carrascosa
- Department of Neonatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Lara-Cantón I, Ramos-Garcia V, Pinilla-González A, Solaz-García Á, Quintás G, Marín-Reina P, Aguar M, Torrejón-Rodríguez L, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Cernada M. Metabolic dysregulation in term infants from SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:912-917. [PMID: 37474813 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Merce Cascant-Vilaplana
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lara-Cantón
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Ramos-Garcia
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pinilla-González
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Solaz-García
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Leitat Technological Center, Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Marín-Reina
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Aguar
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Torrejón-Rodríguez
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Cernada
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Viteritti E, Sadras V, Medina S, Sánchez-Iglesias MP, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Gabaldón JA, Taylor J, Ferreres F, Sergi M, Gil-Izquierdo A. Wheat Oxylipins in Response to Aphids, CO 2 and Nitrogen Regimes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104133. [PMID: 37241874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is critical for food security, and is challenged by biotic stresses, chiefly aphids and the viruses they transmit. The objective of this study was to determine whether aphids feeding on wheat could trigger a defensive plant reaction to oxidative stress that involved plant oxylipins. Plants were grown in chambers with a factorial combination of two nitrogen rates (100% N vs. 20% N in Hoagland solution), and two concentrations of CO2 (400 vs. 700 ppm). The seedlings were challenged with Rhopalosiphum padi or Sitobion avenae for 8 h. Wheat leaves produced phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) of the F1 series, and three types of phytofurans (PhytoFs): ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF, ent-16(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ14-10-PhytoF and ent-9(RS)-12-epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF. The oxylipin levels varied with aphids, but not with other experimental sources of variation. Both Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae reduced the concentrations of ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF and ent-16(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ14-10-PhytoF in relation to controls, but had little or no effect on PhytoPs. Our results are consistent with aphids affecting the levels of PUFAs (oxylipin precursors), which decreased the levels of PhytoFs in wheat leaves. Therefore, PhytoFs could be postulated as an early indicator of aphid hosting for this plant species. This is the first report on the quantification of non-enzymatic PhytoFs and PhytoPs in wheat leaves in response to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Merce Cascant-Vilaplana
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Viteritti
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Víctor Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Puerto Sánchez-Iglesias
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Julian Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ten-Doménech I, Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Navarro-Esteve V, Felderer B, Moreno-Giménez A, Rienda I, Gormaz M, Moreno-Torres M, Pérez-Guaita D, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. Metabolomic Diversity of Human Milk Cells over the Course of Lactation-A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051100. [PMID: 36904100 PMCID: PMC10005050 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid containing a wide cell variety including epithelial cells and leukocytes. However, the cellular compositions and their phenotypic properties over the course of lactation are poorly understood. The aim of this preliminary study was to characterize the cellular metabolome of HM over the course of lactation. Cells were isolated via centrifugation and the cellular fraction was characterized via cytomorphology and immunocytochemical staining. Cell metabolites were extracted and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqTOF-MS) in the positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed a high variability of the number of detected cells with relative median abundances of 98% of glandular epithelial cells, 1% of leukocytes, and 1% of keratinocytes. Significant correlations between the milk postnatal age with percentage of epithelial cells and leukocytes, and with total cell count were observed. Results from the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of immunocytochemical profiles were very similar to those observed in the analysis of the metabolomic profiles. In addition, metabolic pathway analysis showed alterations in seven metabolic pathways correlating with postnatal age. This work paves the way for future investigations on changes in the metabolomic fraction of the cellular compartment of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ten-Doménech
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Merce Cascant-Vilaplana
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Navarro-Esteve
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Birgit Felderer
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Master Program Biotechnical Processes, Austrian Biotech University of Applied Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 10, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alba Moreno-Giménez
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Rienda
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Torres
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, C/Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Guaita
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Carrer de la Innovació, 2, 08225 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-1246661
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5
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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Albiach-Delgado A, Camprubí-Camprubí M, Pérez-Cruz M, Gómez O, Arráez M, López-Nogueroles M, Kuligowski J, Vento M. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of oxidative stress biomarkers in amniotic fluid. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:164-169. [PMID: 34971756 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the fetal period is associated with preterm birth as well as short and long-term adverse clinical outcomes. Here, an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of biomarkers of oxidative stress-derived damage to proteins and DNA in amniotic fluid (AF) samples is presented. Appropriate accuracy and precision levels, as well as sensitivity with limits of detection in the low nanomolar (<2 nM) range were achieved. The analytical method was applied to a set of AF samples and reference ranges of the biomarker panel are presented. Median concentrations of biomarkers of protein oxidation (ortho-, 3-chloro-, and 3-nitrotyrosine) and their precursors (para-tyrosine and phenylalanine) ranged between 0.6 and 3 nM and 23 and 30 μM, respectively, while levels of a biomarker of DNA-oxidation (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8OHdG) and its precursor (2'-deoxyguanosine) were found to be 0.18 and 3 nM, respectively. Detection frequencies of all metabolites were 100% with exception of 3-chlorotyrosine (3Cl-Tyr) and 8OHdG, that were only detected in 8% of samples. The developed method may be applied in research studies focusing on oxidative stress-related complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Camprubí-Camprubí
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Pérez-Cruz
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gómez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Arráez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Sánchez-Illana Á, Piñeiro-Ramos JD, Llorens-Salvador R, Quintás G, Oger C, Galano JM, Vigor C, Durand T, Kuligowski J, Vento M. Do Levels of Lipid Peroxidation Biomarkers Reflect the Degree of Brain Injury in Newborns? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1467-1475. [PMID: 34409848 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and progression of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a major cause of severe neurological disability and mortality in the perinatal period, are shaped by the interplay of multiple processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in noninvasive urine samples of newborns with moderate/severe HIE (N = 51), employing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We noted that levels of several biomarkers of oxidative stress increased over time, demonstrating the ongoing propagation of oxidative injury. Prostaglandins, in contrast, showed a decreasing trend in their concentration profiles over time, which probably reflects their mediation in pathogenic mechanisms, including the inflammatory response. Statistically significant differences in the levels of oxidative stress of neonates with distinct brain lesion patterns, as detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were observed, revealing an increase of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in newborns with cerebral lesions (MRI score of 1 compared with scores of 0 and 2). Moreover, a gender-dependent study showed no statistically significant differences in biomarker concentrations between male and female infants. Our observation leads to the hypothesis that monitoring of noninvasive lipid peroxidation biomarkers could aid in diagnosis and prediction of long-term outcomes as a complementary tool to standard exploration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1467-1475.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel Sánchez-Illana
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Analítica, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Vento M. Seeking biomarkers that predict neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103657. [PMID: 34740113 PMCID: PMC8577321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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