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Rademacher M, Toledo M, Van Paesschen W, Liow KK, Milanov IG, Esch M, Wang N, MacPherson M, Byrnes WJ, Minh TDC, Webster E, Werhahn K. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive padsevonil in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: Results from two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Epilepsia Open 2022; 7:758-770. [PMID: 36176044 PMCID: PMC9712475 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize efficacy, safety/tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of padsevonil (PSL) administered concomitantly with ≤3 antiseizure medications (ASMs) for observable focal seizures in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy in two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. METHODS The phase 2b dose-finding trial (EP0091/NCT03373383) randomized patients 1:1:1:1:1 to PSL 50/100/200/400 mg or placebo twice daily (b.i.d.). The phase 3 efficacy trial (EP0092/NCT03739840) randomized patients 1:1:1:1 to PSL 100/200/400 mg or placebo b.i.d. Patients with observable (focal aware with motor symptoms, focal impaired awareness, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic) focal seizures for ≥3 years, experiencing them ≥4 times per 28 days including during the 4-week baseline period despite treatment with ≥4 lifetime ASMs including current ASMs, were enrolled. RESULTS In EP0091 and EP0092, 410 and 231 patients, respectively, were randomized and received at least one dose of trial medication. In patients in EP0091 on PSL 50/100/200/400 mg b.i.d. (n = 80/82/81/81, respectively) versus placebo (n = 81), outcomes included percentage reductions over placebo in observable focal seizure frequency during the 12-week maintenance period: 17.2%, 19.1% (p = 0.128), 19.2% (p = 0.128), 12.4% (p = 0.248); 75% responder rates (p-values for odds ratios): 13.8%, 12.2% (p = 0.192), 11.1% (p = 0.192), 16.0% (p = 0.124) versus 6.2%; 50% responder rates: 33.8% (p = 0.045), 31.7% (p = 0.079), 25.9% (p = 0.338), 32.1% (p = 0.087), versus 21.0%; TEAEs were reported by 82.7% (67/81), 78.3% (65/83), 74.4% (61/82), 90.1% (73/81) versus 78.3% (65/83). In patients in EP0092 on PSL 100/200/400 mg b.i.d. (n = 60/56/56, respectively) versus placebo (n = 54), outcomes included percentage reductions over placebo: -5.6% (p = 0.687), 6.5% (p = 0.687), 6.3% (p = 0.687); 75% responder rates: 15.3% (p = 0.989), 12.5% (p = 0.989), 14.3% (p = 0.989) versus 13.0%; 50% responder rates: 35.6% (p = 0.425), 33.9% (p = 0.625), and 42.9% (p = 0.125) versus 27.8%; TEAEs were reported by 80.0% (48/60), 78.9% (45/57), 83.1% (49/59) versus 67.3% (37/55). SIGNIFICANCE In both trials, the primary outcomes did not reach statistical significance in any PSL dose group compared with placebo. PSL was generally well tolerated, and no new safety signals were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Toledo
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology DepartmentVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Kore K. Liow
- Comprehensive Epilepsy CenterHawaii Pacific NeuroscienceHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | | | - Nan Wang
- UCB PharmaMorrisvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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Zwart A, Dekker J, Lems W, Roorda L, Esch M, Leeden M. Factors associated with upper leg muscle strength in knee osteoarthritis: A scoping review. J Rehabil Med 2018; 50:140-150. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sanchez-Ramirez D, Leeden M, Esch M, Roorda L, Verschueren S, Dieën J, Lems W, Dekker J. Increased knee muscle strength is associated with decreased activity limitations in established knee osteoarthritis: Two-year follow-up study in the Amsterdam osteoarthritis cohort. J Rehabil Med 2015; 47:647-54. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer C, Guo X, Esch M, Prot JM, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. ‘Body-on-a-Chip’ Technology and Supporting Microfluidics. Human-based Systems for Translational Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620136-00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to effectively streamline current drug development protocols, there is a need to generate high information content preclinical screens capable of generating data with a predictive power in relation to the activity of novel therapeutics in humans. Given the poor predictive power of animal models, and the lack of complexity and interconnectivity of standard in vitro culture methodologies, many investigators are now moving toward the development of physiologically and functionally accurate culture platforms composed of human cells to investigate cellular responses to drug compounds in high-throughput preclinical studies. The generation of complex, multi-organ in vitro platforms, built to recapitulate physiological dimensions, flow rates and shear stresses, is being investigated as the logical extension of this drive. Production and application of a biologically accurate multi-organ platform, or ‘body-on-a-chip’, would facilitate the correct modelling of the dynamic and interconnected state of living systems for high-throughput drug studies as well as basic and applied biomolecular research. This chapter will discuss current technologies aimed at producing ‘body-on-a-chip’ models, as well as highlighting recent advances and important challenges still to be met in the development of biomimetic single-organ systems for drug development purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. T. Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - C. J. Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - C. McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - X. Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
| | - M. Esch
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. M. Prot
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - M. L. Shuler
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32826 USA
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Esch M, Teschner M, Braesen JH. Pulmonary Metastases of a Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumour with Undefined Malignancy Potential. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014; 74:288-292. [PMID: 24882880 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle neoplasms with atypical proliferative behaviour, but without clear histopathological malignancy represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as distinction from a sarcoma can be difficult and no guaranteed treatment recommendations are available due to the rarity of these changes. In the event of uncertain primary histology, even metastases cannot be assessed as malignancy criteria, but may contribute to the clarification of the histology. Similarities with other smooth muscle proliferations, such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis, are striking. The diagnostic difficulties and treatment options are explained based on the example of a 59-year-old patient, in whom a retroperitoneal mass and pulmonary lesion of such a tumour occurred 4 years after a hysterectomy. Even though the genesis and histological diagnostics have not been conclusively clarified, slow growth and a low recurrence rate for post-menopausal patients allow for a wait-and-see approach, whereby the option for anti-hormonal treatment exists in the event of positive evidence of hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Delmenhorst gGmbH, Delmenhorst
| | - M Teschner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Delmenhorst gGmbH, Delmenhorst
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Esch M, Teschner M, Retzlaff J, Peter HG. [Incidental finding of an anomalous pulmonary vein after thoracic trauma]. Chirurg 2012; 83:989-91. [PMID: 23089947 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-012-2371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Esch
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Delmenhorst, Delmenhorst, Deutschland.
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Holla J, Leeden M, Peter W, Roorda L, Esch M, Lems W, Gerritsen M, Voorneman R, Steultjens M, Dekker J. Proprioception, laxity, muscle strength and activity limitations in early symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: Results from the CHECK cohort. J Rehabil Med 2012; 44:862-8. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Block AJ, McQuillen PS, Chau V, Glass H, Poskitt KJ, Barkovich AJ, Esch M, Soulikias W, Azakie A, Campbell A, Miller SP. Clinically silent preoperative brain injuries do not worsen with surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:550-7. [PMID: 20434174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke and white matter injury, is common in neonates with congenital heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of hemorrhage or extension of preoperative brain injury with cardiac surgery. METHODS This dual-center prospective cohort study recruited 92 term neonates, 62 with transposition of the great arteries and 30 with single ventricle physiology, from 2 tertiary referral centers. Neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after cardiac surgery. RESULTS Brain injury was identified in 40 (43%) neonates on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan (median 5 days after birth): stroke in 23, white matter injury in 21, and intraventricular hemorrhage in 7. None of the brain lesions presented clinically with overt signs or seizures. Preoperative brain injury was associated with balloon atrial septostomy (P = .003) and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (P = .007); in a multivariable model, only the effect of balloon atrial septostomy remained significant when adjusting for lowest arterial oxygen saturation. On postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 78 neonates (median 21 days after birth), none of the preoperative lesions showed evidence of extension or hemorrhagic transformation (0/40 [95% confidence interval: 0%-7%]). The presence of preoperative brain injury was not a significant risk factor for acquiring new injury on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (P = .8). CONCLUSIONS Clinically silent brain injuries identified preoperatively in neonates with congenital heart disease, including stroke, have a low risk of progression with surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass and should therefore not delay clinically indicated cardiac surgery. In this multicenter cohort, balloon atrial septostomy remains an important risk factor for preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Block
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Schneider MM, Berman JI, Baumer FM, Glass HC, Jeng S, Jeremy RJ, Esch M, Biran V, Barkovich AJ, Studholme C, Xu D, Glenn OA. Normative apparent diffusion coefficient values in the developing fetal brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1799-803. [PMID: 19556350 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in fetuses are limited. Because of the need for normative data for comparison with young fetuses and preterm neonates with suspected brain abnormalities, we studied apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in a population of singleton, nonsedated, healthy fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS DWI was performed in 28 singleton nonsedated fetuses with normal or questionably abnormal results on sonography and normal fetal MR imaging results; 10 fetuses also had a second fetal MR imaging, which included DWI. ADC values in the periatrial white matter (WM), frontal WM, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and pons were plotted against gestational age and analyzed with linear regression. We compared mean ADC in different regions using the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test. We also compared rates of decline in ADC with increasing gestational age across different areas by using the t test with multiple comparisons correction. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed. RESULTS Median gestational age was 24.28 weeks (range, 21-33.43 weeks). Results of all fetal MR imaging examinations were normal, including 1 fetus with a normal variant of a cavum velum interpositum. ADC values were highest in the frontal and periatrial WM and lowest in the thalamus and pons. ADC declined with increasing gestational age in periatrial WM (P = .0003), thalamus (P < .0001), basal ganglia (P = .0035), cerebellum (P < .0001), and pons (P = .024). Frontal WM ADC did not significantly change with gestational age. ADC declined fastest in the cerebellum, followed by the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Regional differences in nonsedated fetal ADC values and their evolution with gestational age likely reflect differences in brain maturation and are similar to published data in premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Schneider
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA
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Kloster S, Six KD, Feichter J, Maier-Reimer E, Roeckner E, Wetzel P, Stier P, Esch M. Response of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the ocean and atmosphere to global warming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kloster
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | - K. D. Six
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | - J. Feichter
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - E. Roeckner
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | - P. Wetzel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | - P. Stier
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
| | - M. Esch
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology; Hamburg Germany
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Santer BD, Wigley TM, Gaffen DJ, Bengtsson L, Doutriaux C, Boyle JS, Esch M, Hnilo JJ, Jones PD, Meehl GA, Roeckner E, Taylor KE, Wehner MF. Interpreting differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere. Science 2000; 287:1227-32. [PMID: 10678823 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5456.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Estimated global-scale temperature trends at Earth's surface (as recorded by thermometers) and in the lower troposphere (as monitored by satellites) diverge by up to 0.14 degrees C per decade over the period 1979 to 1998. Accounting for differences in the spatial coverage of satellite and surface measurements reduces this differential, but still leaves a statistically significant residual of roughly 0.1 degrees C per decade. Natural internal climate variability alone, as simulated in three state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean models, cannot completely explain this residual trend difference. A model forced by a combination of anthropogenic factors and volcanic aerosols yields surface-troposphere temperature trend differences closest to those observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- BD Santer
- Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD 20910
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Abstract
The electrical and dielectric properties of Ba2+ and Ca2+ cross-linked alginate hydrogel beads were studied by means of single-particle electrorotation. The use of microstructured electrodes allowed the measurements to be performed over a wide range of medium conductivity from about 5 mS/m to 1 S/m. Within a conductivity range, the beads exhibited measurable electrorotation response at frequencies above 0.2 MHz with two well-resolved co- and antifield peaks. With increasing medium conductivity, both peaks shifted toward higher frequency and their magnitudes decreased greatly. The results were analyzed using various dielectric models that consider the beads as homogeneous spheres with conductive loss and allow the complex rotational behavior of beads to be explained in terms of conductivity and permittivity of the hydrogel. The rotation spectra could be fitted very accurately by assuming (a) a linear relationship between the internal hydrogel conductivity and the medium conductivity, and (b) a broad internal dispersion of the hydrogel centered between 20 and 40 MHz. We attribute this dispersion to the relaxation of water bound to the polysaccharide matrix of the beads. The dielectric characterization of alginate hydrogels is of enormous interest for biotechnology and medicine, where alginate beads are widely used for immobilization of cells and enzymes, for drug delivery, and as microcarriers for cell cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esch
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Timmermann A, Oberhuber J, Bacher A, Esch M, Latif M, Roeckner E. Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/19505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 872] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cess RD, Zhang MH, Potter GL, Alekseev V, Barker HW, Bony S, Colman RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Déqué M, Dix MR, Dymnikov V, Esch M, Fowler LD, Fraser JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Ingram WJ, Kiehl JT, Kim Y, Le Treut H, Liang XZ, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette JJ, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Schlesinger ME, Sporyshev PV, Taylor KE, Timbal B, Volodin EM, Wang W, Wang WC, Wetherald RT. Comparison of the seasonal change in cloud-radiative forcing from atmospheric general circulation models and satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cess RD, Zhang MH, Ingram WJ, Potter GL, Alekseev V, Barker HW, Cohen-Solal E, Colman RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Dix MR, Dymnikov V, Esch M, Fowler LD, Fraser JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Kiehl JT, Le Treut H, Lo KKW, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette JJ, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Schlesinger ME, Sporyshev PV, Timbal B, Volodin EM, Taylor KE, Wang W, Wetherald RT. Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cess RD, Zhang MH, Potter GL, Barker HW, Colman RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Esch M, Fraser JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Ingram WJ, Kiehl JT, Lacis AA, Le Treut H, Li ZX, Liang XZ, Mahfouf JF, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette JJ, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Sokolov AP, Sporyshev PV, Taylor KE, Wang WC, Wetherald RT. Uncertainties in Carbon Dioxide Radiative Forcing in Atmospheric General Circulation Models. Science 1993; 262:1252-5. [PMID: 17772648 DOI: 10.1126/science.262.5137.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.
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