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Izquierdo L, Gomez I, Moctezuma C, Mannis M, Henriquez MA. Biometric and corneal characteristics in marfan syndrome with ectopia lentis. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104096. [PMID: 38382278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the biometric and corneal characteristics of patients with Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and ectopia lentis. STUDY DESIGN Observational, descriptive, prospective study. Subjects Individuals with MFS with ectopia lentis (EL). METHODS Fourty-four eyes of 23 patients underwent Scheimpflug analysis using the Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), axial length (AL) using the IOL master 700 (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany), endothelial cell count (ECC) using the CEM-350 (NIDEK, Maihama, Japan) and corneal biomechanics evaluation with the Ocular Response Analyzer: ORA (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, New York, USA) and Corvis (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. RESULTS The direction of lens subluxation was most frequently supero-nasal 40.9% (18/44). Mean keratometry (Km) was 40.22±1.76 Diopters (D); mean corneal astigmatism was 1.68±0.83 D; total corneal aberrometric root mean square (RMS) was 2.237±0.795μm; higher-order aberrations (HOAs) RMS were 0.576±0.272μm; mean AL was 25.63±3.65mm; mean ECC was 3315±459cell/mm2; mean CBI was 0.13±0.24, mean TBI was 0.31±0.25, mean posterior elevation was 4.3±4.5μm; mean total corneal densitometry was 16.0±2.14 grayscale units (GSU). CONCLUSION Increased axial length, flatter and thicker corneas with higher regular astigmatism, normal densitometry, normal corneal biomechanical indices and normal posterior elevation were observed in Marfan patients with EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - I Gomez
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru
| | - C Moctezuma
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru
| | - M Mannis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Health System Eye Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - M A Henriquez
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru.
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Izquierdo L, Imken FC, Larco P, Chauca J, Henriquez MA. Comparison of the biometric characteristics after long term implantation of iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens in explanted and non-explanted groups of eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2024:S0002-9394(24)00063-1. [PMID: 38395331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the biometric characteristics of the anterior chamber of a group of patients with significant endothelial cell loss (ECL) that required phakic IOL (pIOL) explantation and a group of patients who did not fulfill the explantation criteria related to corneal decompensation. DESIGN Retrospective consecutive interventional case series METHODS: The study included all consecutive patients implanted with pIOL at Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru, between 2001 and 2012. The explanted group (E-group) consisted of eyes in which the pIOLs were explanted due to ECL and the non-explanted group (NE-group) consisted of eyes randomly selected in which the pIOL was not explanted with a minimum follow-up time of eight years. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, visual acuity, refraction, endothelial cells count, and anterior segment OCT were assessed at the preoperative evaluation for both groups and before explantation in the E-group and eight years post implantation in the NE-group. RESULTS 265 eyes were implanted with pIOL. The annual percentage of ECL was 1.47% and 5.55% in the NE-group and the E-group, respectively (p < .001). The mean minimum endothelial lens distance (min-ELD) was 1.44 ± 0.22 mm and 1.05 ± 0.23 mm in the NE-group and the E-group, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean time for explantation was 12.58 ± 3.79 years for the NE-group. Annual ECL could accurately discriminate between NE-group and E-group, a cutoff point of 3.5 (%/year) or 86.5 (cells/years) had a 100% sensitivity and specificity. A cutoff of 1.21 mm in the min-ELD, has a 91% sensitivity and 79% specificity to discriminate between E-group and NE-group. CONCLUSION pIOL explantation due to ECL occurs in eyes with a significantly postoperative lower min-ELD. Annual ECL and min-ELC can effectively discriminate between explanted and non-explanted groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú.; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Fiorella Casanova Imken
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Pablo Larco
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Jose Chauca
- Department of Statistics, Demography, Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria A Henriquez
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú..
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Walker PL, Belmonte MF, McCallum BD, McCartney CA, Randhawa HS, Henriquez MA. Dual RNA-sequencing of Fusarium head blight resistance in winter wheat. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1299461. [PMID: 38239218 PMCID: PMC10794533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease responsible for significant yield losses in wheat and other cereal crops across the globe. FHB infection of wheat spikes results in grain contamination with mycotoxins, reducing both grain quality and yield. Breeding strategies have resulted in the production of FHB-resistant cultivars, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance in the majority of these cultivars are still poorly understood. To improve our understanding of FHB-resistance, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of FHB-resistant AC Emerson, FHB-moderately resistant AC Morley, and FHB-susceptible CDC Falcon in response to Fusarium graminearum. Wheat spikelets located directly below the point of inoculation were collected at 7-days post inoculation (dpi), where dual RNA-sequencing was performed to explore differential expression patterns between wheat cultivars in addition to the challenging pathogen. Differential expression analysis revealed distinct defense responses within FHB-resistant cultivars including the enrichment of physical defense through the lignin biosynthesis pathway, and DON detoxification through the activity of UDP-glycosyltransferases. Nucleotide sequence variants were also identified broadly between these cultivars with several variants being identified within differentially expressed putative defense genes. Further, F. graminearum demonstrated differential expression of mycotoxin biosynthesis pathways during infection, leading to the identification of putative pathogenicity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Walker
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Mark F. Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Brent D. McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Curt A. McCartney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Maria A. Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Morgado CR, Santhiago MR, Steigleman WA, Hofmeister EM, Henriquez MA, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Yoo SH, Jacob S, Schallhorn J. Late approach for LASIK flap striae. J Cataract Refract Surg 2023; 49:1285-1289. [PMID: 37982777 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A 24-year-old man was referred for postrefractive surgery evaluation. The patient had a history of uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in both eyes 3 months previously. According to the surgeon who originally performed the surgery, on slitlamp examination, only microstriae in the left eye was detected on postoperative day 1 and a more conservative follow-up approach was adopted without further immediate intervention. The patient returned only 3 months after surgery, complaining of low vision in the left eye that, according to the patient, had been present since postoperative week 2. The patient was then referred for examination and surgical procedure with a diagnosis of significant postoperative striae. The slitlamp examination revealed a LASIK flap with striae, epithelial filling, and a wrinkled appearance (Figure 1JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202312000-00017/figure1/v/2023-11-20T151558Z/r/image-tiff). There were no signs of infection or inflammation. Originally, the LASIK flap was programmed to be 110 μm. Preoperative manifest refraction in the right eye was -5.25 (20/20) and in the left eye was -5.25 (20/20). Assuming it is a case of late-approach LASIK flap striae, how would you proceed? Would you try to hydrate and lift the flap and just reposition it? Would you avoid lifting and associate phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with excimer laser on top of the flap? Would you consider topo-guided surgery with regularization of the visual axis or even amputation of the flap?
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Izquierdo L, Ben-Shaul O, Larco P, Pereira N, Mannis MJ, Henriquez MA. Interface Fluid Syndrome After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Patients With History of LASIK. Cornea 2023; 42:1391-1394. [PMID: 36689681 PMCID: PMC10538602 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual, pachymetric, tomographic, and biomicroscopic findings in a series of cases with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap interface fluid syndrome (IFS) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS Six cases were included in this study; all patients had a history of LASIK and underwent DMEK for the treatment of bullous keratopathy. After uneventful surgery, all patients presented with corneal edema and IFS under the LASIK flap, which was demonstrated with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Visual acuity, clinical findings, pachymetry, endothelial cell count, and AS-OCT were documented during the management of these cases. RESULTS IFS appears 2.33 days (±1.03) after DMEK. One case improved with conservative treatment. In 5 cases, the LASIK flap was lifted, the fluid was drained, and the flap was replaced. The mean best-corrected visual acuity after fluid drainage was 0.44 logMAR (range 0.18-1.0) and mean central corneal thickness was 538 μm ± 160. Total resolution of the IFS was achieved at 14.5 days (range 4-30) after DMEK. AS-OCT showed resolution of the flap interface in 5 of 6 cases, while 1 patient required second DMEK due to reaccumulation of the interface fluid. CONCLUSIONS IFS can occur after DMEK in patients with previous LASIK. AS-OCT is a valuable tool for monitoring these cases preoperatively and postoperatively. Early surgical management is often needed to achieve resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Or Ben-Shaul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pablo Larco
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicolas Pereira
- Cornea Department, Sorocaba Eye Bank Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Mark J. Mannis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
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McCoy AG, Belanger RR, Bradley CA, Cerritos-Garcia DG, Garnica VC, Giesler LJ, Grijalba PE, Guillin E, Henriquez MA, Kim YM, Malvick DK, Matthiesen RL, Mideros SX, Noel ZA, Robertson AE, Roth MG, Schmidt CL, Smith DL, Sparks AH, Telenko DEP, Tremblay V, Wally O, Chilvers MI. A global-temporal analysis on Phytophthora sojae resistance-gene efficacy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6043. [PMID: 37758723 PMCID: PMC10533513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant disease resistance genes are widely used in agriculture to reduce disease outbreaks and epidemics and ensure global food security. In soybean, Rps (Resistance to Phytophthora sojae) genes are used to manage Phytophthora sojae, a major oomycete pathogen that causes Phytophthora stem and root rot (PRR) worldwide. This study aims to identify temporal changes in P. sojae pathotype complexity, diversity, and Rps gene efficacy. Pathotype data was collected from 5121 isolates of P. sojae, derived from 29 surveys conducted between 1990 and 2019 across the United States, Argentina, Canada, and China. This systematic review shows a loss of efficacy of specific Rps genes utilized for disease management and a significant increase in the pathotype diversity of isolates over time. This study finds that the most widely deployed Rps genes used to manage PRR globally, Rps1a, Rps1c and Rps1k, are no longer effective for PRR management in the United States, Argentina, and Canada. This systematic review emphasizes the need to widely introduce new sources of resistance to P. sojae, such as Rps3a, Rps6, or Rps11, into commercial cultivars to effectively manage PRR going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Guillin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Yong Min Kim
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam H Sparks
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | - Owen Wally
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
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Henriquez MA, Perez L, Hernandez-Sahagun G, Rojas RP, Stulting RD, Izquierdo Jr L. Long Term Corneal Flattening After Corneal Crosslinking in Patients with Progressive Keratoconus. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:1865-1875. [PMID: 37425031 PMCID: PMC10327904 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s409009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluate the long-term visual, refractive, and keratometric outcomes after corneal crosslinking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus (KC) and the incidence of an extreme corneal flattening effect. Settings Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Perú. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Forty-five eyes that underwent CXL with epithelial removal between June 2006 and September 2011. Data analysis was performed at preoperative evaluation, 1 year postoperatively, and at least 10 years or more postoperatively. Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and Scheimpflug (Pentacam) analysis. Progression was defined by an increase in steep keratometry (Ks) of 1.5D or greater between 2 examinations. Extreme flattening effect was defined as a decrease in K values equal to or greater than 5 diopters (D). Results Mean follow-up time was 11 ± 1.07 years (range 10-13 years). There was a significant improvement in Ks, UCVA, CDVA, and spherical equivalent at the last visit. The overall rate of progression was 2.22% (1/45). Extreme flattening was observed in 15.5% (7/45) of the eyes, and this was associated with a loss of CDVA in 4.44% (2/45) of the eyes. One eye with corneal flattening of 11.5 D lost 7 lines of CDVA and required corneal transplantation. Conclusion CXL is a safe and effective procedure to stop the progression of KC with a good overall long-term success rate. Extreme corneal flattening may be more common than commonly recognized, and severe corneal flattening associated with a decrease in CDVA may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisett Perez
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando P Rojas
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Perú
| | - R Doyle Stulting
- Stulting Research Center, Woolfson Eye Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luis Izquierdo Jr
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Perú
- Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Henriquez MA, Ben-Shaul O, Jr LI. Comparison of preoperative simulated and postoperative real safety distances using anterior segment OCT in patients with phakic IOL according to iris configuration. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:741-746. [DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.05.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the simulated safe distance (SSD) preoperatively versus real safe distance (RSD) postoperatively in patients with iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation according to iris configuration.
METHODS: Totally 60 eyes of 60 patients underwent pIOL implantation for surgical correction of myopia. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured with the IOLMaster 700, and nasal and temporal safety distances (SD) were measured pre- and postoperatively using Anterior Segment Visante-OCT. SD was defined as a line measured between the edge of the optic or its simulated image to the endothelium. Eyes were divided into 3 groups: convex, concave, and plane according to preoperatory iris configuration. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, for the comparison of independent groups and multiple comparisons, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn test were used respectively.
RESULTS: Mean difference between nasal preoperative SSD and postoperative RSD was -0.36±0.38, -0.29±0.48, and -0.18±0.30 mm in the concave, convex, and plane group, respectively. Mean difference between temporal SSD and RSD was -0.36±0.37, -0.14±0.38, and -0.24±0.33 mm in the concave, convex, and plane group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between SSD and RSS for both nasal and temporal sides in the concave and plane group (P<0.002).
CONCLUSION: Preoperative SSD and postoperative RSD for iris-claw pIOL shows significant differences in patients with concave and plane iris.
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Henriquez MA, Hadid M, Moctezuma C, Izquierdo L, Binder PS. The false positive rates for detecting keratoconus and potential ectatic corneal conditions when evaluating astigmatic eyes with Scheimpflug Technology. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:2532-2546. [PMID: 35313744 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221081467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the false positive rates for keratoconus (KC) and potential ectatic corneal conditions in highly astigmatism eyes when using published parameters/indices obtained from the Pentacam and Galilei units. SETTING Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS 67 consecutive eyes with corneal astigmatism > 1.5 D, with a minimum follow ups of 36 months after an uneventful LASIK procedure were included. Indices for KC and other potential ectatic corneal conditions (subclinical KC, forme fruste KC, suspect KC) were obtained using the Pentacam and Galilei Scheimpflug cameras. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The false positive rates for KC and potential ectatic corneal conditions were measured. Cut off values provided by previous studies and company-based parameters were used to assess the rate of false positivity. RESULTS The range of false positive rates for a KC diagnosis depending on the lowest and highest cutoff values were: index of height decentration (61% - 1%), index of surface variance (76% - 0%), Posterior elevation (55% - 0%), maximum Ambrosio Relational thickness (100% - 13%), Belin Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display total deviation value (100% - 4%), Average pachymetric progression index (69% - 3%), Pachymetry at the thinnest point (58% - 1%), CSI Center Surround Index (100%), Differential sector index (51%). CONCLUSION The false positive rates for KC and ectatic corneal conditions vary dramatically depending on the cut-off values used. Some indexes used for diagnosis of potential ectatic corneal conditions are inaccurate in normal, highly astigmatic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Henriquez
- Research Department, 568280Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Marta Hadid
- Research Department, 568280Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Cristobal Moctezuma
- Research Department, 568280Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, 568280Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Av. Javier Prado Este 1142, San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
| | - Perry S Binder
- 481087Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Henriquez MA, Mosquera SA, Camargo J, Izquierdo L. Comparing the vision quality using double-pass technique in eyes with corrected refractive errors and emmetropic eyes. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2021; 85:443-449. [PMID: 34852046 DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the vision quality by measuring the objective light scatter index and objective optical quality parameters (Strehl Ratio and Modulation Transfer Function) in patients with emmetropia and ametropia. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study included 408 eyes. The ametropic group comprised of eyes with best-corrected visual acuity of 0.0 logMAR or better and present at least a refractive error of ≥0.25 D. Patients underwent slit lamp examination, visual acuity, refraction, and vision quality using the HD Analyzer. RESULTS The mean objective light scatter indices were 0.62 ± 0.63, 0.77 ± 0.70, 0.74 ± 0.30, 0.93 ± 0.55, and 0.85 ± 0.61, and mean Strehl Ratio and Modulation Transfer Function scores were 38.17 ± 10.4, 37.37 ± 10.06, 29.84 ± 9.71, 33.2 ± 12.11, and 33.13 ± 10.09 in emmetropes, myopia, hyperopia, spherical equivalent of ≥0, and spherical equivalent of <0, respectively. Differences in all variables were significant between emmetropic and corrected hyperopic and between spherical equivalent of ≥0, and spherical equivalent of <0 eyes (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In spectacle-corrected conditions (with trial frames), emmetropic and simple myopic eyes had significantly better vision quality compared to hyperopic and astigmatic eyes. The clinical significance of these results should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Camargo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
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Izquierdo L, Rodríguez AM, Sarquis RA, Altamirano D, Henriquez MA. Intracorneal circular ring implant with femtosecond laser: Pocket versus tunnel. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:176-182. [PMID: 33579160 DOI: 10.1177/1120672121994729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare visual and refractive outcomes after implantation of the intracorneal continuous ring 360° arc (ICCR) versus the intracorneal ring segment 340° arc (ICRS) using femtosecond laser for central keratoconus. SETTING Research Department, Oftalmosalud, Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. METHODS Randomized study that included 40 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed with central keratoconus between November 2014 and March 2015. Twenty eyes had an implantation of ICCR (MyoRing, Dioptex GmbH, Austria) through an intrastromal pocket and 20 eyes had an implantation of ICRS (Keraring, Mediphacos, Brazil) through an intrastromal tunnel. Both procedures were performed with a femtosecond laser (LDV Z6 model, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG). Visual acuity (VA), refraction, and Scheimpflug imaging analysis were performed pre- and postoperatively at 1 month and 1 year. Comparisons of means were performed using the Student's t-test. RESULTS At 1 year, uncorrected VA improved 0.77 LogMAR (p < 0.001) in the ICCR group and 0.79 LogMAR (p = 0.01) in the ICRS group; mean sphere improvement was 5.13 Diopters (D) in the ICCR group and 6.27 D in the ICRS group (p < 0.001 both); mean Steeper Keratometry improvement was 4.24 D in the ICCR group and 5.53 D in the ICRS group (p < 0.001 both). In the ICCR group, mean decrease in the pachymetry at the thinnest point of the cornea was 32.16 µm (p = 0.01), and in the ICRS group, mean increase was 4.2 µm at 1 year (p = 0.61). CONCLUSION Intracorneal continuous ring 360° arc (ICCR) and intracorneal ring segment 340° (ICRS) are effective treatments for central keratoconus. No significant differences between rings were found on visual acuity, refraction, and keratometry improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Ramón A Sarquis
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
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Henriquez MA, Hadid M, Izquierdo L. A Systematic Review of Subclinical Keratoconus and Forme Fruste Keratoconus. J Refract Surg 2021; 36:270-279. [PMID: 32267959 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20200212-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the definitions used for the terms sub-clinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus in published articles. METHODS This was a prospective, systematic literature review of the electronic database in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS Database of all studies using the keywords "subclinical keratoconus" and/or "forme fruste keratoconus" until August 18, 2017. Two independent reviewers analyzed the data. The inclusion criteria for articles were having analyzed subclinical keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus eyes with a sample size greater than 10 eyes; containing the definition of subclinical keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus; and the quality of published reports was assessed using standards quality index methods. The following aspects of the selected articles were then analyzed: inclusion criteria for definition and technology used. RESULTS A total of 198 and 95 studies, respectively, including the definition of subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus were collected in an initial search, of which 165 and 73 studies, respectively, were excluded. Definitions for subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus included the criteria of having keratoconus in the fellow eye in 72.72% (24 of 33) and 77.27% (17 of 22) of the articles, respectively. A total of 96.97% (32 of 33) and 90.90% (20 of 22) of the studies used more than one parameter to define subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus, respectively. The most common extra parameters included normal slit-lamp examination and cornea on slit-lamp biomicroscopy and inferior-superior asymmetry and/or bowtie pattern with skewed radial axes. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the lack of unified criteria to define subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus. According to the literature review, the most common subclinical keratoconus definition used refers to an eye with topographic signs of keratoconus and/or suspicious topographic findings under normal slit-lamp examination and keratoconus in the fellow eye and the most common forme fruste keratoconus definition refers to an eye with normal topography, normal slit-lamp examination, and keratoconus in the fellow eye. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(4):270-279.].
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Nilsen KT, Walkowiak S, Kumar S, Molina OI, Randhawa HS, Dhariwal R, Byrns B, Pozniak CJ, Henriquez MA. Histology and RNA Sequencing Provide Insights Into Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in AAC Tenacious. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:570418. [PMID: 33519835 PMCID: PMC7838103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.570418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious fungal disease affecting wheat and other cereals worldwide. This fungus causes severe yield and quality losses from a reduction in grain quality and contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Intensive breeding efforts led to the release of AAC Tenacious, which was the first spring wheat cultivar registered in Canada with a resistant (R) rating to FHB. To elucidate the physiological mechanisms of resistance, we performed histological and transcriptomic analyses of AAC Tenacious and a susceptible control Roblin after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum (Fg). The spikelet and rachis of infected wheat spikes were hand sectioned and monitored by confocal and fluorescent microscopy. Visible hyphae were observed within the inoculated spikelets for AAC Tenacious; however, the infection was largely restricted to the point of inoculation (POI), whereas the adjacent florets in Roblin were heavily infected. Significant cell wall thickening within the rachis node below the POI was evident in AAC Tenacious compared to Roblin in response to Fg inoculation. Rachis node and rachilla tissues from the POI and the rachis node below the POI were collected at 5 days post inoculation for RNAseq. Significant changes in gene expression were detected in both cultivars in response to infection. The rachis node below the POI in AAC Tenacious had fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when compared to the uninoculated control, likely due to its increased disease resistance. Analysis of DEGs in Roblin and AAC Tenacious revealed the activation of genes and pathways in response to infection, including those putatively involved in cell wall modification and defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby T. Nilsen
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Oscar I. Molina
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Raman Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Brook Byrns
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Maria A. Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
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Abad JC, Gomez IC, Henriquez MA, Donado JH. Biomicroscopic Findings and Management of Anterior Stromal Necrosis After Long-term Implantation of Intacs. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 220:170-176. [PMID: 32730912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the visual, refractive, and biomicroscopic findings pre- and posttreatment of observed anterior stromal necrosis (ASN) after long-term Intacs intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation. DESIGN Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS All consecutive patients implanted with Intacs ICRS at a single center by 1 of the authors between October 2006 and October 2011 with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years were included. All Intacs were implanted using the Prolate system console and instrumentation from Addition Technology Inc (Chicago, Illinois, USA). The slit lamp, refractive, and visual findings and the management of those patients are described in detail. The primary outcome measures included the size of the epithelial defect overlying the Intacs body, the intended implantation depth measured by high-magnification slit lamp photography, and the management of the cases described in detail. The percentage of eyes with ASN out of those that reached the 5-year follow-up is reported. RESULTS One hundred twenty-seven eyes (84 patients) were implanted with 215 ICRSs during the study period, and 77.16% (98/127) eyes had a follow-up of ≥5 years, out of which 9 eyes (7 patients) had ASN corresponding to at least 9.18% (95% confidence interval 4.29%-16.72%). The mean ± standard deviation time between implantation and ASN diagnosis was 10.5 ± 1.3 years. CONCLUSION After 5 years of implantation, INTACS-treated eyes could present with an ASN over the ICRS body. Longer-term follow-up of patients implanted with INTACS is important to monitor if this complication keeps occurring over time.
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Dhariwal R, Henriquez MA, Hiebert C, McCartney CA, Randhawa HS. Mapping of Major Fusarium Head Blight Resistance from Canadian Wheat cv. AAC Tenacious. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124497. [PMID: 32599868 PMCID: PMC7350018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating wheat disease due to its direct detrimental effects on grain-yield, quality and marketability. Resistant cultivars offer the most effective approach to manage FHB; however, the lack of different resistance resources is still a major bottleneck for wheat breeding programs. To identify and dissect FHB resistance, a doubled haploid wheat population produced from the Canadian spring wheat cvs AAC Innova and AAC Tenacious was phenotyped for FHB response variables incidence and severity, visual rating index (VRI), deoxynivalenol (DON) content, and agronomic traits days to anthesis (DTA) and plant height (PHT), followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker genotyping. A high-density map was constructed consisting of 10,328 markers, mapped on all 21 chromosomes with a map density of 0.35 cM/marker. Together, two major quantitative trait loci for FHB resistance were identified on chromosome 2D from AAC Tenacious; one of these loci on 2DS also colocated with loci for DTA and PHT. Another major locus for PHT, which cosegregates with locus for low DON, was also identified along with many minor and epistatic loci. QTL identified from AAC Tenacious may be useful to pyramid FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Dhariwal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Maria A. Henriquez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada; (M.A.H.); (C.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Colin Hiebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada; (M.A.H.); (C.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Curt A. McCartney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada; (M.A.H.); (C.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-317-2238
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Henriquez MA, Mejías JA, Rincon M, Izquierdo L, Binder PS. Correlation between lens thickness and lens density in patients with mild to moderate cataracts. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:1350-1357. [PMID: 31949096 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationships between lens thickness (LT), lens density and anterior segment parameters in patients with mild to moderate cataracts. SETTING Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Perú. DESIGN Prospective, single-centre, cross-sectional study. METHODS 169 eyes with age-related mild to moderate cataracts had lens density assessed using the Lens Opacification Classification System III, the built-in Pentacam HR Nucleus Staging software and ImageJ software. LT and axial length (AL) were measured with the IOLMaster 700, and angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Nuclear colour score was the only clinical parameter with a weak significant correlation with LT (r=0.24, p=0.003) after accounting for age, AL, gender and anterior chamber depth (ACD). The maximum value of average lens density and the mean nuclear density were significantly correlated with LT (r=0.24, p=0.003 and -0.17, p=0.03, respectively) after controlling for the same factors. Central LT greater than 4.48 mm was present in 54.5% of the eyes with a nuclear opalescence grade 1. CONCLUSIONS LT is independent of lens density in mild to moderate cataracts after accounting for age, AL, ACD and gender contrary to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirel Rincon
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru
| | - Perry S Binder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, California, USA
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Henriquez MA, Cerrate M, Hadid MG, Cañola-Ramirez LA, Hafezi F, Izquierdo L. Comparison of eye-rubbing effect in keratoconic eyes and healthy eyes using Scheimpflug analysis and a dynamic bidirectional applanation device. J Cataract Refract Surg 2019; 45:1156-1162. [PMID: 31272774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of eye rubbing on Scheimpflug imaging parameters and corneal biomechanics in eyes with keratoconus and healthy eyes. SETTING Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS The study included healthy and keratoconus patients who attended the institution between January 2017 and July 2017. Eye rubbing was performed for 1 minute followed by a 5-second break, followed by further rubbing for 1 minute. Baseline tests were performed before rubbing; post-rubbing tests were performed immediately after (0 minutes), and then again at 7 minutes and 14 minutes. Parameters related to anterior and posterior curvature and elevation, pachymetry, and corneal biomechanics obtained from tomography with a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR) and a dynamic bidirectional applanation device (Ocular Response Analyzer) were measured and compared between healthy and keratoconic eyes. RESULTS The study included 30 healthy eyes and 31 keratoconic eyes. In the healthy group, the immediate mean changes in steeper anterior keratometry, posterior astigmatism, anterior chamber volume (ACV), flattest posterior keratometry, and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) after eye rubbing were 0.07 diopters (D) ± 0.15 (SD), -0.01 ± 0.08 D, 0.03 ± 7.06 mm3, -0.001 ± 0.04 mm, and -1.21 ± 1.99 mm Hg, respectively, whereas the mean changes in the keratoconus group were -0.03 ± 0.32 D, 0.14 ± 0.50 D, -5.09 ± 8.45 mm3, 0.03 ± 0.06 mm, and -1.61 ± 1.41 mm Hg, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative eye-rubbing values of posterior astigmatism, ACV, and IOPg in the keratoconus group (P = .03, P = .0003, and P = .001, respectively) but not in the healthy group (P = .65, P = .85, and P = .23, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Unlike the healthy eyes group, the keratoconus group experienced significant changes in ACV, IOP, and corneal posterior astigmatism after eye rubbing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta G Hadid
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Farhad Hafezi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Dietikon/Zurich, Switzerland; ELZA Institute, Dietikon/Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Dept. of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
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Izquierdo L, Mannis MJ, Mejías Smith JA, Henriquez MA. Effectiveness of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Implantation in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Keratoconus: A Systematic Review. J Refract Surg 2019; 35:191-200. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20190109-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Núñez MX, Henriquez MA, Escaf LJ, Ventura BV, Srur M, Newball L, Espaillat A, Centurion VA. Consensus on the management of astigmatism in cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:311-324. [PMID: 30809088 PMCID: PMC6376888 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s178277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This project was aimed at achieving consensus on the management of astigmatism during cataract surgery by ophthalmologists from Latin America using modified Delphi technique. Relevant peer-reviewed literature was identified, and 21 clinical research questions associated with the definition, classification, measurement, and treatment of astigmatism during cataract surgery were formulated. Twenty participants were divided into seven groups, and each group was assigned three questions to which they had to respond in written form, after thoroughly reviewing the literature. The assigned questions with corresponding responses by each group were discussed with other participants in round 4 – presentation of findings. The consensus was achieved if approval was obtained from at least 80% of participants. The present paper provides several agreements and recommendations for management of astigmatism during cataract surgery, which could potentially minimize the variability in practice patterns and help ophthalmologists adopt optimal practices for cataract patients with astigmatism and improve patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria X Núñez
- Unit of Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Grupo de Investigacion Vision Sana, Clinica de Oftalmología de Cali, Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia,
| | - Maria A Henriquez
- Department of Cataract, Department of Research, Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis J Escaf
- Clinica Oftalmologica del Caribe (Cofca), Universidad Javeriana, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Bruna V Ventura
- Department of Cataract, Altino Ventura Foundation, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srur
- Centro de la Visión, Filial Clínica Las Condes, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Arnaldo Espaillat
- Cataract and refractive surgery service, Espaillat Cabral Institute, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Henriquez MA, Villegas S, Rincon M, Maldonado C, Izquierdo L. Long-term efficacy and safety after corneal collagen crosslinking in pediatric patients: Three-year follow-up. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 28:415-418. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672118760149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of standard corneal collagen crosslinking for children with progressive keratoconus. Methods: Prospective study including 26 eyes of 26 patients younger than 18 years old with progressive keratoconus at Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. Standard epi-off corneal crosslinking was performed in all eyes between January 2012 and January 2013. Pre- and postoperative evaluation (at 3 years) included uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity and Scheimpflug analysis. Crosslinking failure was defined as an increase in maximum keratometry (Kmax) of more than 1 diopter after 1 year or more. Results: Mean uncorrected visual acuity improvement was 0.24 LogMAR (p = 0.07) and mean best-corrected visual acuity improvement was 0.18 LogMAR (p = 0.01). None of the eyes lost more than one line in the best-corrected visual acuity. Four eyes (15.38%) lost two lines in the uncorrected visual acuity at 3 years postoperative. Mean steeper keratometry improvement was 1.14 diopters (p = 0.60). Progression rate was 23.07%. Conclusion: Standard epi-off corneal collagen crosslinking is safe and effective to halt the progression of the keratoconus with significant improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity at 3-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Villegas
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | - Mirel Rincon
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Oftalmosalud Institute of Eyes, Lima, Peru
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Gossen BD, Conner RL, Chang KF, Pasche JS, McLaren DL, Henriquez MA, Chatterton S, Hwang SF. Identifying and Managing Root Rot of Pulses on the Northern Great Plains. Plant Dis 2016; 100:1965-1978. [PMID: 30683014 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-16-0184-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulse crops (annual grain legumes such as field pea, lentil, dry bean, and chickpea) have become an important component of the cropping system in the northern Great Plains of North America over the last three decades. In many areas, the intensity of damping-off, seedling blight, root rot, and premature ripening of pulse crops is increasing, resulting in reduction in stand establishment and yield. This review provides a brief description of the important pathogens that make up the root rot complex and summarizes root rot management on pulses in the region. Initially, several specific Fusarium spp., a range of Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were identified as important components of the root rot disease complex. Molecular approaches have recently been used to identify the importance of Aphanomyces euteiches on pulses, and to demonstrate that year-to-year changes in precipitation and temperature have an important effect on pathogen prevalence. Progress has been made on management of root rot, but more IPM tools are required to provide effective disease management. Seed-treatment fungicides can reduce damping-off and seedling blight for many of the pathogens in this disease complex, but complex cocktails of active ingredients are required to protect seedlings from the pathogen complex present in most commercial fields. Partial resistance against many of the pathogens in the complex has been identified, but is not yet available in commercial cultivars. Cultural practices, especially diversified cropping rotations and early, shallow seeding, have been shown to have an important role in root rot management. Biocontrol agents may also have potential over the long term. Improved methods being developed to identify and quantify the pathogen inoculum in individual fields may help producers avoid high-risk fields and select IPM packages that enhance yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Gossen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Robert L Conner
- AAFC, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Kan-Fa Chang
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Crop Development Center North, Edmonton, AB T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | | | - Debra L McLaren
- AAFC, Brandon Research and Development Centre, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - Maria A Henriquez
- AAFC, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Syama Chatterton
- AAFC, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Crop Development Center North, Edmonton, AB T5Y 6H3, Canada
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Henriquez MA, McLaren DL, Conner RL, Balasubramanian PM, Chang KF, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. First Report of Fusarium cuneirostrum Causing Root Rot Disease in Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Canada. Plant Dis 2014; 98:278. [PMID: 30708768 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-13-0553-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Root rot is a major disease of dry bean and can cause significant yield reductions due to weakened root systems and poor plant stands. An in-depth study on root rot pathogen identification was conducted in 2011 in three commercial dry bean fields from the major production areas in Manitoba. Ten plants, sampled at each of four random sites within each field, were rated for disease severity. Twenty roots were processed for pathogen isolation and identification in the laboratory. Roots were cut into eight sections (~1 cm) and surface-sterilized in a laminar flow bench. Four root sections were placed on potato dextrose agar plates amended with 0.02% streptomycin sulfate (PDA-Strep) and four root sections were placed on peptone-pentachloronitrobenzene agar amended with 0.1% streptomycin sulfate and 0.012% neomycin sulfate. Afterward, 960 monosporic cultures were obtained representing 320 single spore isolates of potential root rot pathogens per commercial field. Common monosporic cultures from each field were subcultured on PDA-Strep and Spezieller Nährstoffarmer Agar (SNA) media. Based on morphological characteristics, 74 isolates were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum (1). Colonies grew slowly on PDA-Strep with undulated margins, radial cream-grey mycelia, and conidia pustules with a cream-greyish pigmentation. Sporodochial conidia were falcate, mostly 5-septate, with a wedge shape and slightly protruding basal foot cell (56.3 to 71.8 × 4.6 to 6.2 μm on average). Species identity was confirmed for two isolates by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α) gene (2), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (4), and the ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) (3) (GenBank Accession Nos. KF530848, KF530849, and KF025648 to 51). Sequence homology was compared using BLAST analysis and the FUSARIUM-ID database. The F. cuneirostrum isolates were deposited at the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures (DAOM 242540 and 242541). Pathogenicity screenings of two isolates was performed using sterilized seed of navy bean cv. Envoy. Seeds were germinated on moist filter paper for 3 days at 25°C and then inoculated by immersion in a prepared conidial suspension (2.5 × 105 conidia/ml) for 5 min. Seeds of the controls were immersed in sterile water. After inoculation, the germinated seeds were planted in 10-cm diameter pots, filled with sterile soilless mix (Sunshine #3). In the greenhouse, the experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design with three replicates with four germinated seeds per isolate, and was repeated twice. Disease assessment was performed 14 days after inoculation. Infected plants displayed dark brown lesions on the hypocotyl and primary root with a disease severity of 4 scored on a 0 to 5 scale. Fusarium cuneirostrum was re-isolated from roots of symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. cuneirostrum causing root rot of dry bean in Canada. It has been previously isolated from mung bean (Vigna radiata) in Ontario (1). References: (1) T. Aoki et al. Mycoscience. 46:162, 2005. (2) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (4) H. Wang et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49:1890, 2011. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Henriquez
- Brandon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB, R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - D L McLaren
- Brandon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB, R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - R L Conner
- Morden Research Station, AAFC, Unit 100-101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - P M Balasubramanian
- Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, 5403, 1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K F Chang
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 17507 Fort Road NW, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - S F Hwang
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 17507 Fort Road NW, Edmonton, AB, T5Y 6H3, Canada
| | - S E Strelkov
- University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Villavicencio OF, Gilani F, Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L, Ambrósio RR. Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display: Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
With advances in technology and imaging, finding diagnostic criteria that are both sensitive and specific for keratoconus while using the latest corneal imaging modalities is paramount. The Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display final ‘D’ index, tested on an independent population, illustrated excellent false positive rates for refractive screening while eliminating 99% of keratoconus corneas. A false positive rate of 0% is achieved with a final ‘D’ of 2.69, meeting the more stringent criteria for treatment studies.
How to cite this article
Villavicencio OF, Gilani F, Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L Jr, Ambrósio RR Jr, Belin MW. Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display:Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):1-8.
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Henriquez MA, Wolski EA, Molina OI, Adam LR, Andreu AB, Daayf F. Effects of glucans and eicosapentaenoic acid on differential regulation of phenylpropanoid and mevalonic pathways during potato response to Phytophthora infestans. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 60:119-128. [PMID: 22922112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Phytophthora infestans glucans, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and isolates of this pathogen, on the differential expression of eight genes from the phenylpropanoid and the mevalonate (Ac-MVA) pathways were analyzed in potato by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. The application of EPA had an elicitor effect in Russet Burbank (RB) and Defender (DF) in response to inoculation with a US8 isolate of P. infestans, thereby reducing symptoms of late blight. Such effect was associated with the expression of PAL-1 and PAL-2, since the latter occurred only when EPA was followed by inoculation, whereas these genes were down-regulated in individual treatments RB + EPA, RB + US8, DF + EPA, and DF + US8. The glucan fraction did not by itself suppress phenylpropanoid genes, but its combination with the pathogen resulted in a down-regulation of PAL-1, PAL-2 and CHS. The addition of the glucan fraction to the elicitor EPA, had a negative effect (RB + EPA + GL + US8) since plants showed higher disease symptoms than the ones pretreated with water then infected with US8, and in comparison with RB + EPA + US8 and RB + GL + US8. Exclusive up-regulation of 4CL in DF + US11 and of CHS in DF + EPA + GL + US8, DF + EPA + US11, DF + GL + US11 and DF + EPA + GL + US11, where late blight lesions were not detected, could be associated with potato protection against late blight. Along with previous findings in this pathosystem, these data suggest that genetic resistance in potato against P. infestans is not the result of isolated reactions against the pathogen, but rather the combination of many factors in-line with a polygenic/horizontal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Henriquez
- Department of Plant Science, Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
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Henriquez MA, Adam LR, Daayf F. Alteration of secondary metabolites' profiles in potato leaves in response to weakly and highly aggressive isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 57:8-14. [PMID: 22634366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is the cause of late blight, a devastating disease in potato and tomato. Many of the mechanisms underlying P. infestans pathogenesis and defense responses in potato are still unclear. We investigated the effects of P. infestans on the changes in the accumulation of secondary metabolites in potato cultivars using whole plants. Four preformed flavonoids and one terpenoid compound produced in potato tissues were differentially affected by the P. infestans inoculation. In Russet Burbank, the accumulation of catechin and rutin was suppressed by both P. infestans isolates US-11 and US-8, while the flavanone P3 was associated with susceptibility to this pathogen. On the other hand, catechin, flavonol-glycoside P2, and an unidentified terpenoid (T1), may be involved in the defense of cultivar Defender to both tested P. infestans isolates, providing new evidence that different preformed flavonoids and terpenoids in potato may play important roles in its defense or susceptibility to P. infestans. These results add to the pool of data showing the involvement of other phenolics and terpenes in potato resistance to microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Henriquez
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Izquierdo L, Henriquez MA, McCarthy M. Artiflex phakic intraocular lens implantation after corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconic eyes. J Refract Surg 2011; 27:482-7. [PMID: 21210571 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20101223-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stability of the Artiflex (Ophtec BV) foldable anterior iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) following corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in select cases of progressive keratoconus. METHODS This prospective, comparative study, conducted between March 2007 and June 2008, involved 11 eyes with progressive keratoconus. Inclusion criteria were progressive keratoconus (Amsler-Krumeich classification grades I and II) with no corneal opacities, corneal thickness >450 μm, endothelial cell count >2500 cells/mm(2), anterior chamber depth >3.2 mm, spherical equivalent refraction >4.50 diopters (D) (with a cylinder component <2.00 D), and no other treatment for keratoconus other than contact lens. Each patient underwent CXL in the keratoconic eye with implantation of the Artiflex IOL 6 months thereafter. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and refraction and topographic profiles were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months after the CXL procedure. RESULTS All eyes achieved UDVA of 0.3 logMAR or better. Final spherical and cylindrical error ranged from 0 to -1.50 D and 0 to -1.75 D, respectively. No eyes lost lines of preoperative CDVA. Statistically significant reductions in mean maximum (2.14 D, P<.001) and minimum (1.17 D, P=.02) keratometry values were present 12 months after the CXL procedure. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS Combined CXL and Artiflex implantation was a safe and effective treatment in this subset of eyes with progressive keratoconus. Good results in terms of visual acuity, postoperative residual refractive error, and keratometry values were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Instituto de Ojos Oftalmosalud Lima, Peru
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Izquierdo L, Henriquez MA, McCarthy M. Double aspiration/single irrigation system for bimanual lens cortex removal in cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 42:81-2. [PMID: 21117583 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20101124-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a bimanual double aspiration/single irrigation system (DASIS) for cataract surgery that efficiently and safely performs aspiration of the entire cortex, including subincisional space. DASIS uses standard and common instruments such as an irrigation/aspiration handpiece in one hand and a single-aspiration handpiece in the other, joined with a short silicone tube using a three-way stopcock. DASIS allows access to 360° of the cortex without a hand exchange, reducing wound leakage and maintaining chamber stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Instituto de Ojos Oftalmo Salud, Lima, Peru.
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Izquierdo L, Henriquez MA, Zakrzewski PA. Detection of an abnormally thick LASIK flap with anterior segment OCT imaging prior to planned LASIK retreatment surgery. J Refract Surg 2008; 24:197-9. [PMID: 18297945 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20080201-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of an abnormally thick flap that was detected with the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) prior to planned LASIK retreatment surgery. METHODS A 43-year-old man presented 6 years after bilateral LASIK surgery with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye (refraction -2.25 -1.25 x 131). Anterior segment OCT was performed before LASIK retreatment surgery in the left eye. RESULTS The flap was found to be 394 microm and the residual stromal bed was too thin (152 microm) to allow for safe LASIK retreatment surgery. After waiting 4 months to ensure refractive stability, photorefractive keratectomy was performed. Postoperative UCVA was 20/20 plano. CONCLUSIONS The use of anterior segment OCT in the preoperative examination for planned LASIK retreatment surgery provided more reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo
- Research Department, Instituto de Ojos Oftalmo Salud, Lima, Peru.
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