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Kørup AK, Søndergaard J, Lucchetti G, Ramakrishnan P, Baumann K, Lee E, Frick E, Büssing A, Alyousefi NA, Karimah A, Schouten E, Wermuth I, Hefti R, de Diego-Cordero R, Menegatti-Chequini MC, Hvidt NC. Physicians' religious/spiritual characteristics and their behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27750. [PMID: 34967347 PMCID: PMC8718206 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S) of physicians have been reported to inform behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice (R/S-B). Our aim was to study this association. METHODS Building upon a large international data pool of physician values we performed network and systematic literature searches using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo. Measures for R/S and R/S-B were selected for comparability with existing research. We performed a two-stage IPDMA using R/S coefficients from sample-wise multiple regression analyses as summary measures. We controlled for age, gender, and medical specialty. An additional sub-analysis compared psychiatrists to non-psychiatrists. RESULTS We found 11 eligible surveys from 8 countries (n = 3159). We found a positive association between R/S and R/S-B with an overall R/S coefficient of 0.65 (0.48-0.83). All samples revealed a positive association between R/S and R/S-B. Only 2 out of the 11 samples differed from the overall confidence interval. Psychiatrists had a higher degree of R/S-B, but associations with R/S did not differ compared to non-psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed a significant association between R/S and R/S-B in this study. Despite large cultural differences between samples, coefficients remained almost constant when controlling for confounders, indicating a cultural independent effect of R/S on R/S-B, which to our knowledge has not been documented before.Such interaction can constitute both facilitators and barriers for high quality health care and should be considered in all aspects of patient and relationship-centered medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K. Kørup
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Mental Healtmaxh Service, Vejle, Region of Southern Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Avenida Eugênio de Nascimento s/n-Aeroporto, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Parameshwaran Ramakrishnan
- Graduate Theological Union-University of California, Berkeley, 2400 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, CA
- AdiBhat Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Klaus Baumann
- Caritas Science and Christian Social Work, Faculty of Theology, Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Caritas Science and Christian Social Work, Faculty of Theology, Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Frick
- Research Centre Spiritual Care, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, The University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Langerstr, 3, Munich, Germany
- Munich School of Philosophy, Kaulbachstr, 31, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Nada A. Alyousefi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azimatul Karimah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Esther Schouten
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich, Germany
| | - Inga Wermuth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - René Hefti
- Research Institute for Spirituality and Health, Weissensteinstrasse 30, Langenthal, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Bern and Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Niels Christian Hvidt
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Kørup A, Søndergaard J, Alyousefi NA, Lucchetti G, Baumann K, Lee E, Karimah A, Ramakrishnan P, Frick E, Büssing A, Schouten E, Butcher W, Hefti R, Wermuth I, de Diego-Cordero R, Menegatti-Chequini MC, Hvidt NC. Health professionals' attitudes toward religiosity and spirituality: a NERSH Data Pool based on 23 surveys from six continents. F1000Res 2021; 10:446. [PMID: 34868556 PMCID: PMC8607302 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52512.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to facilitate better international and cross-cultural comparisons of health professionals (HPs) attitudes towards Religiosity and/or Spirituality (R/S) using individual participant data meta-analysis we updated the NERSH Data Pool. Methods We performed both a network search, a citation search and systematic literature searches to find new surveys. Results We found six new surveys (N=1,068), and the complete data pool ended up comprising 7,323 observations, including 4,070 females and 3,253 males. Most physicians (83%, N=3,700) believed that R/S had “some” influence on their patients’ health (CI95%) (81.8%–84.2%). Similarly, nurses (94%, N=1,020) shared such a belief (92.5%–95.5%). Across all samples 649 (16%; 14.9%–17.1%) physicians reported to have undergone formal R/S-training, compared with nurses where this was 264 (23%; 20.6%–25.4%). Conclusions Preliminary analysis indicates that HPs believe R/S to be important for patient health but lack formal R/S-training. Findings are discussed. We find the data pool suitable as a base for future cross-cultural comparisons using individual participant data meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kørup
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark.,Department of Mental Health Kolding-Vejle, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Region of Southern Denmark, 7000, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Nada A Alyousefi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Klaus Baumann
- Faculty of Theology, Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg, D-79085, Germany
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Faculty of Theology, Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg, D-79085, Germany.,Center for Social Cohesion, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Azimatul Karimah
- Department of Psychiatry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Eckhard Frick
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Munich School of Philosophy, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, 58313, Germany
| | - Esther Schouten
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, 80366, Germany
| | - Wyatt Butcher
- School of Divinity, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - René Hefti
- Research Institute for Spirituality and Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga Wermuth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Rocio de Diego-Cordero
- Research Group CTS 969 Innovation in Health Care and Social Determinants of Health, University of Seville, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | | | - Niels Christian Hvidt
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
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Menegatti-Chequini MC, Loch AA, Leão FC, Peres MFP, Vallada H. Patterns of religiosity and spirituality of psychiatrists in Brazil and the implications for clinical practice: a latent profile analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:546. [PMID: 33225925 PMCID: PMC7682088 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is consensus, in psychiatry, over the inclusion of religious and spiritual aspects when evaluating and treating the patient, investigation of these dimensions is rare. There is evidence as to the relationship between psychiatrists' religious/spiritual beliefs and their willingness to discuss a patient's religion and spirituality (R/S). Due to the lack of information about how psychiatrists in Brazil deal with R/S in patient care, the aim of the present study is to analyze the religious/spiritual profile of these professionals and to ascertain its influence on attitudes and behavior in clinical practice. METHODS Five hundred and ninety-two psychiatrists from Brazil answered a questionnaire about R/S in clinical practice. The latent profile analysis was used to search for differences of religious/spiritual profiles. The ANOVA and Pearson's chi-square tests were employed to identify any correlation between clinical opinion and behaviors according to the different profiles. RESULTS Two religious/spiritual profiles were identified (entropy value > 0,96): the so called "less religious" group (n = 245), comprised predominantly by men, professionally more experienced, with a higher level of academic education (Master or PhD degrees) and were the ones who least enquired about their patients' R/S; and the "more religious" psychiatrists (n = 347) those who had higher consideration for R/S on health, and who more often addressed R/S with their patients and therefore usually ascribed importance to include R/S in their professional training. CONCLUSION The latent profile analysis produced two distinct classes between the Brazilian psychiatrists according to their R/S views: the more religious professionals, who investigate the patient's R/S in a more detailed manner, and the less religious, who tend to disregard this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Menegatti-Chequini
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-21, LIM-23 and ProSER), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Zip Code 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A. Loch
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Institute of Psyquiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.450640.30000 0001 2189 2026Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Frederico C. Leão
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-21, LIM-23 and ProSER), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Zip Code 05403-010, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Mario F. P. Peres
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-21, LIM-23 and ProSER), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Zip Code 05403-010, São Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.413562.70000 0001 0385 1941Departament of Neurology, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Homero Vallada
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-21, LIM-23 and ProSER), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, Zip Code 05403-010, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Menegatti-Chequini MC, Gonçalves JPB, Leão FC, Peres MFP, Vallada H. A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice. BJPsych Open 2016; 2:346-352. [PMID: 27847592 PMCID: PMC5099984 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence of a relationship between religion/spirituality and mental health, it remains unclear how Brazilian psychiatrists deal with the religion/spirituality of their patients. AIMS To explore whether Brazilian psychiatrists enquire about religion/spirituality in their practice and whether their own beliefs influence their work. METHOD Four hundred and eighty-four Brazilian psychiatrists completed a cross-sectional survey on religion/spirituality and clinical practice. RESULTS Most psychiatrists had a religious affiliation (67.4%) but more than half of the 484 participants (55.5%) did not usually enquire about patients' religion/spirituality. The most common reasons for not assessing patients' religion/spirituality were 'being afraid of exceeding the role of a doctor' (30.2%) and 'lack of training' (22.3%). CONCLUSIONS Very religious/spiritual psychiatrists were the most likely to ask about their patients' religion/spirituality. Training in how to deal with a patient's religiosity might help psychiatrists to develop better patient rapport and may contribute to the patient's quicker recovery. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane P B Gonçalves
- , MSc, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico C Leão
- , MD, PhD, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario F P Peres
- , MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Homero Vallada
- , MD, PhD, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil (LIM23)
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