1
|
Mukherjee M, Chepizhko O, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM, Levine H. Infiltration of tumor spheroids by activated immune cells. Phys Biol 2023. [PMID: 37348493 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ace0ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a tremendous growth of interest in understanding the role that the adaptive immune system could play in interdicting tumor progression. In this context, it has been shown that the density of adaptive immune cells inside a solid tumor serves as a favorable prognostic marker across different types of cancer. The exact mechanisms underlying the degree of immune cell infiltration is largely unknown. Here, we quantify the temporal dynamics of the density profile of activated immune cells around a solid tumor spheroid. We propose a computational model incorporating immune cells with active, persistent movement and a proliferation rate that depends on the presence of cancer cells, and show that the model able to reproduce semi-quantitatively the experimentally measured infiltration profile. Studying the density distribution of immune cells inside a solid tumor can help us better understand immune trafficking in the tumor micro-environment, hopefully leading towards novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Mukherjee
- Northeastern University - Boston Campus, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, Boston, 02115, UNITED STATES
| | - Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Innsbruck, A-6020, AUSTRIA
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy, Milano, Lombardia, 20133, ITALY
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Department of Environmeental science and Policy, Oncolab, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy, Milao, 20133, ITALY
| | - Herbert Levine
- Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lionetti MC, La Porta CAM. FLIM-FRET Investigation of Heterogeneous Huntingtin Aggregation in HeLa Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2551:595-604. [PMID: 36310227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2597-2_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) technique is a novel tool to study protein-protein interaction combining FRET detection, lifetime measurements, and high-resolution imaging. This chapter describes a FLIM-FRET protocol for the detection and quantification of heterogeneous huntingtin aggregates in HeLa cells co-transfected with huntingtin variants containing polyglutamine tracts of different lengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Anna Maria La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colombo G, Altomare A, Astori E, Landoni L, Garavaglia ML, Rossi R, Giustarini D, Lionetti MC, Gagliano N, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Effects of Physiological and Pathological Urea Concentrations on Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010691. [PMID: 36614132 PMCID: PMC9821335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea is the uremic toxin accumulating with the highest concentration in the plasma of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, not being completely cleared by dialysis. Urea accumulation is reported to exert direct and indirect side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, adipocytes, and cardiovascular system (CVS), although its pathogenicity is still questioned since studies evaluating its side effects lack homogeneity. Here, we investigated the effects of physiological and pathological urea concentrations on a human endothelial cell line from the microcirculation (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1, HMEC-1). Urea (5 g/L) caused a reduction in the proliferation rate after 72 h of exposure and appeared to be a potential endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) stimulus. Moreover, urea induced actin filament rearrangement, a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) expression in the medium, and a significant up- or down-regulation of other EndMT biomarkers (keratin, fibrillin-2, and collagen IV), as highlighted by differential proteomic analysis. Among proteins whose expression was found to be significantly dysregulated following exposure of HMEC-1 to urea, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and vasorin turned out to be down-regulated. Both proteins have been directly linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by in vitro and in vivo studies. Future experiments will be needed to deepen their role and investigate the signaling pathways in which they are involved to clarify the possible link between CKD and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, La Porta CAM. Nuclear Biophysical Changes during Human Melanoma Plasticity. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 213:120-132. [PMID: 36509081 DOI: 10.1159/000528601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor plasticity is an emerging property of tumor cells which allows them to change their phenotype in dependence on the environment. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a crucial role in helping cells acquire a more aggressive phenotype when they are in the mesenchymal state. Herein, we investigated the biophysical changes occurring during phenotypic switching in human melanoma cells, considering the blebbiness of the nuclei, their stiffness, and the involvement of polycombs with lamins. We show that the formation of cellular heterogeneity involves many crucial nuclear changes including the interaction between different types of polycombs with lamins and chromosome accessibility. Altogether, our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a heterogeneous cell population during phenotypic switching. In particular, our results show that phenotypic switching in melanoma involves chromatin remodeling changing the transcriptional activity of cells and consequently their phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
La Porta CAM, Fumagalli MR, Gomarasca S, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, Bocchi S. Synergistic effects of contaminants in Lombardy waters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13888. [PMID: 34230554 PMCID: PMC8260714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying synergistic environmental effects in water contamination is still an open issue. Here, we have analyzed geolocalized data of pollutants recorded in 2018 in surface and groundwater of Lombardy, one of the areas with the highest agricultural production rates, not only in Italy, but also in Europe. Both herbicides and insecticides are present at concentration levels above the legal limit, mainly in surface waters. Geolocalized analysis allows us to identify interesting areas particularly affected by a combination of multiple pesticides. We thus investigated possible synergistic effects of these compounds on the environment, using the alga C. reinhardtii as a biosensor. Our results show that exposure for 7 days to four compounds, that we found present together at high concentration in surface waters, was able to induce a stress in the algae, as indicated by the presence of palmelloids. Our work results in a pipeline that could easily be exported to monitor other territories in Italy and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gomarasca
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiara Lionetti M, Bonfanti S, Rita Fumagalli M, Font-Clos F, Costantini G, Chepizhko O, Zapperi S, La Porta C. Chromatin and Cytoskeletal Tethering Determine Nuclear Morphology in Progerin Expressing Cells. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Lionetti MC, Cola F, Chepizhko O, Fumagalli MR, Font-Clos F, Ravasio R, Minucci S, Canzano P, Camera M, Tiana G, Zapperi S, Porta CAML. MicroRNA-222 Regulates Melanoma Plasticity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082573. [PMID: 32784455 PMCID: PMC7464186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and highly resistant tumors. Cell plasticity in melanoma is one of the main culprits behind its metastatic capabilities. The detailed molecular mechanisms controlling melanoma plasticity are still not completely understood. Here we combine mathematical models of phenotypic switching with experiments on IgR39 human melanoma cells to identify possible key targets to impair phenotypic switching. Our mathematical model shows that a cancer stem cell subpopulation within the tumor prevents phenotypic switching of the other cancer cells. Experiments reveal that hsa-mir-222 is a key factor enabling this process. Our results shed new light on melanoma plasticity, providing a potential target and guidance for therapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.C.L.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Filippo Cola
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (F.F.-C.); (G.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.C.L.); (M.R.F.)
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics institute, via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesc Font-Clos
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (F.F.-C.); (G.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; (R.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; (R.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Canzano
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9/11/13, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Tiana
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (F.F.-C.); (G.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (F.F.-C.); (G.T.); (S.Z.)
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina A. M. La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.C.L.); (M.R.F.)
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics institute, via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Innovation for Well-Being and Environment (CR-I-WE), University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ravazzano L, Bonfanti S, Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, Guerra R, Chepizhko O, La Porta CAM, Zapperi S. Unjamming of active rotators. Soft Matter 2020; 16:5478-5486. [PMID: 32490505 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Active particle assemblies can exhibit a wide range of interesting dynamical phases depending on internal parameters such as density, adhesion strength or self-propulsion. Active self-rotations are rarely studied in this context, although they can be relevant for active matter systems, as we illustrate by analyzing the motion of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae under different experimental conditions. Inspired by this example, we simulate the dynamics of a system of interacting active disks endowed with active torques and self-propulsive forces. At low packing fractions, adhesion causes the formation of small rotating clusters, resembling those observed when algae are stressed. At higher densities, the model shows a jamming to unjamming transition promoted by active torques and hindered by adhesion. We also study the interplay between self-propulsion and self-rotation and derive a phase diagram. Our results yield a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of active rotators, providing useful guidance to interpret experimental results in cellular systems where rotations might play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravazzano
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, La Porta CAM. Cancer stem cells, plasticity, and drug resistance. CDR 2020; 3:140-148. [PMID: 35582613 PMCID: PMC9090589 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor and almost always fatal when metastatic. Herein, we discuss recent findings on the mechanisms of resistance of human cutaneous melanoma. To achieve a precision medicine approach, the heterogeneity and plasticity of tumor cells are two crucial aspects to be investigated in depth. In fact, to understand the mechanisms that cells use to acquire a resistant phenotype after chemotherapy or how resistant cells inside the tumor are selected, it is the most important issue for a successful therapy. Since new therapeutic strategies are trying to go in this direction, we discuss here the state of the art of the research and the clinical impact of these strategies. We also discuss and suggest future research directions to develop approaches able to define the best concentration and time of exposure of the drug or the cocktails of drugs for each specific patient based on his/her biological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Caterina A. M. La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via de Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Caterina A. M. La Porta, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fumagalli MR, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. Cross-Talk Between circRNAs and mRNAs Modulates MiRNA-mediated Circuits and Affects Melanoma Plasticity. Cancer Microenviron 2019; 12:95-104. [PMID: 31734859 PMCID: PMC6937352 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CircularRNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs which compete for microRNA (miRNA) binding, influencing the abundance and stability of other RNA species. Herein we have investigated the effect of circRNAs on the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop in relationship with the aggressiveness of human melanoma cells. We first compared the level of expression of key factors in the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop in primary human melanoma cells compared with their matching metastatic one and found a correlation between the aggressiveness of the cells and the level of expression of ZEB1 and SNAI1. We also analyzed factors in the mir200-ZEB1 feedback loop, including circZEB1, during the phenotypic switching of human melanoma cells. Our results showed a correlation between the level of ZEB1 and SNAI1 and the fraction of cancer stem cells in the population. The level of circZEB1 was, however, consistently high during the entire phenotypic transformation. To understand this result we propose a mathematical model of the regulatory circuit. According to the model, the experimental observations can be explained by the presence of a back-splicing factor limiting circRNA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, 20133, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bonfanti S, Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, Chirasani VR, Tiana G, Dokholyan NV, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. Molecular mechanisms of heterogeneous oligomerization of huntingtin proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7615. [PMID: 31110208 PMCID: PMC6527588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still no successful strategy to treat Huntington's disease, an inherited autosomal disorder associated with the aggregation of mutated forms of the huntingtin protein containing polyglutamine tracts with more than 36 repeats. Recent experimental evidence is challenging the conventional view of the disease by revealing transcellular transfer of mutated huntingtin proteins which are able to seed oligomers involving wild type forms of the protein. Here we decipher the molecular mechanism of this unconventional heterogeneous oligomerization by performing discrete molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the most probable oligomer conformations and the molecular regions that can be targeted to destabilize them. Our computational findings are complemented experimentally by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) of cells co-transfected with huntingtin proteins containing short and large polyglutamine tracts. Our work clarifies the structural features responsible for heterogeneous huntingtin aggregation with possible implications to contrast the prion-like spreading of Huntington's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonfanti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Guido Tiana
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lionetti MC, Mutti F, Soldati E, Fumagalli MR, Coccé V, Colombo G, Astori E, Miani A, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Ciusani E, Costantini G, La Porta CAM. Sulforaphane Cannot Protect Human Fibroblasts From Repeated, Short and Sublethal Treatments with Hydrogen Peroxide. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16040657. [PMID: 30813396 PMCID: PMC6406632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A delicate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exists inside the cell: when the mechanisms that control the level of ROS fail, the cell is in an oxidative stress state, a condition that can accelerate aging processes. To contrast the pro-aging effect of ROS, the supplementation of antioxidants has been recently proposed. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate isolated from Brassica plants that has been shown to modulate many critical factors inside the cells helping to counteract aging processes. In the present work, we exposed human dermal fibroblast to short, sublethal and repeated treatments with hydrogen peroxide for eight days, without or in combination with low concentration of SFN. Hydrogen peroxide treatments did not affect the oxidative status of the cells, without any significant change of the intracellular ROS levels or the number of mitochondria or thiols in total proteins. However, our regime promoted cell cycle progression and cell viability, increased the anti-apoptotic factor survivin and increased DNA damage, measured as number of foci positive for γ -H2AX. On the other hand, the treatment with SFN alone seemed to exert a protective effect, increasing the level of p53, which can block the expansion of possible DNA damaged cells. However, continued exposure to SFN at this concentration could not protect the cells from stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federico Mutti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Erica Soldati
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Valentina Coccé
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- SIMA, Societá Italiana di Medicina Ambientale, via Monte Leone 2, 20149 Milano, Italy.
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulio Costantini
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Binelli A, Magni S, La Porta C, Bini L, Della Torre C, Ascagni M, Maggioni D, Ghilardi A, Armini A, Landi C, Santo N, Madaschi L, Coccè V, Mutti F, Lionetti MC, Ciusani E, Del Giacco L. Cellular pathways affected by carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex in human skin fibroblasts identified by proteomics. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 160:144-153. [PMID: 29803189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial and unsolved problems of the airborne carbon nanoparticles is the role played by the adsorbed environmental pollutants on their toxicological effect. Indeed, in the urban areas, the carbon nanoparticles usually adsorb some atmospheric contaminants, whose one of the leading representatives is the benzo(α)pyrene. Herein, we used the proteomics to investigate the alteration of toxicological pathways due to the carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex in comparison with the two contaminants administered alone on human skin-derived fibroblasts (hSDFs) exposed for 8 days in semi-static conditions. The preliminary confocal microscopy observations highlighted that carbon-nanopowder was able to pass through the cell membranes and accumulate into the cytoplasm both when administered alone and with the adsorbed benzo(α)pyrene. Proteomics revealed that the effect of carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex seems to be related to a new toxicological behavior instead of simple additive or synergistic effects. In detail, the cellular pathways modulated by the complex were mainly related to energy shift (glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway), apoptosis, stress response and cellular trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - S Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - C La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - L Bini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - C Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M Ascagni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - D Maggioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Armini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - C Landi
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - N Santo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - L Madaschi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - V Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - F Mutti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M C Lionetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - E Ciusani
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - L Del Giacco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chepizhko O, Lionetti MC, Malinverno C, Giampietro C, Scita G, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. From jamming to collective cell migration through a boundary induced transition. Soft Matter 2018; 14:3774-3782. [PMID: 29713711 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell monolayers provide an interesting example of active matter, exhibiting a phase transition from flowing to jammed states as they age. Here we report experiments and numerical simulations illustrating how a jammed cellular layer rapidly reverts to a flowing state after a wound. Quantitative comparison between experiments and simulations shows that cells change their self-propulsion and alignment strength so that the system crosses a phase transition line, which we characterize by finite-size scaling in an active particle model. This wound-induced unjamming transition is found to occur generically in epithelial, endothelial and cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gambini E, Perrucci GL, Bassetti B, Spaltro G, Campostrini G, Lionetti MC, Pilozzi A, Martinelli F, Farruggia A, DiFrancesco D, Barbuti A, Pompilio G. Preferential myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells in the presence of atrial fibrillation. Transl Res 2018; 192:54-67. [PMID: 29245016 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by electrical, contractile, and structural remodeling mediated by interstitial fibrosis. It has been shown that human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (CMPCs) can be differentiated into endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells. Here, we have investigated, for the first time, the contribution of CMPCs in the fibrotic process occurring in AF. As expected, right auricolae samples displayed significantly higher fibrosis in AF vs control (CTR) patients. In tissue samples of AF patients only, double staining for c-kit and the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected. The number of c-kit-positive CMPC was higher in atrial subepicardial regions of CTR than AF cells. AF-derived CMPC (AF-CMPC) and CTR-derived CMPC (Ctr-CMPC) were phenotypically similar, except for CD90 and c-kit, which were significantly more present in AF and CTR cells, respectively. Moreover, AF showed a lower rate of population doubling and fold enrichment vs Ctr-CMPC. When exogenously challenged with the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), AF-CMPC showed a significantly higher nuclear translocation of SMAD2 than Ctr-CMPC. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment induced the upregulation of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in AF-CMPC only. Further, both a marked production of soluble collagen and α-SMA upregulation have been observed in AF-CMPC only. Finally, electrophysiological studies showed that the inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1) was evenly present in AF- and Ctr-CMPC in basal conditions and similarly disappeared after TGF-β1 exposure. All together, these data suggest that AF steers the resident atrial CMPC compartment toward an electrically inert profibrotic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spaltro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Campostrini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilozzi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farruggia
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giampietro C, Lionetti MC, Costantini G, Mutti F, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. Cholesterol impairment contributes to neuroserpin aggregation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43669. [PMID: 28255164 PMCID: PMC5334643 DOI: 10.1038/srep43669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneural accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common feature of several neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and Familial Encephalopathy with Neuroserpin Inclusion Bodies (FENIB). FENIB is a rare disease due to a point mutation in neuroserpin which accelerates protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we show that cholesterol depletion induced either by prolonged exposure to statins or by inhibiting the sterol reg-ulatory binding-element protein (SREBP) pathway also enhances aggregation of neuroserpin proteins. These findings can be explained considering a computational model of protein aggregation under non-equilibrium conditions, where a decrease in the rate of protein clearance improves aggregation. Decreasing cholesterol in cell membranes affects their biophysical properties, including their ability to form the vesicles needed for protein clearance, as we illustrate by a simple mathematical model. Taken together, these results suggest that cholesterol reduction induces neuroserpin aggregation, even in absence of specific neuroserpin mutations. The new mechanism we uncover could be relevant also for other neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Costantini
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Mutti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
- ISI Foundation, Via Alassio 11C, Torino, Italy
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FIN-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Caterina A. M. La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|