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Araus JL, Rezzouk FZ, Thushar S, Shahid M, Elouafi IA, Bort J, Serret MD. Effect of irrigation salinity and ecotype on the growth, physiological indicators and seed yield and quality of Salicornia europaea. Plant Sci 2021; 304:110819. [PMID: 33568309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The euhalophyte species Salicornia europaea is cultivated for oilseed and as a fodder crop in various parts of the world. In saline coastal environments it possesses great potential for the subsistence of the most disadvantaged farmers. We investigated the effect of salinity levels in irrigation water on the germination capacity, shoot biomass and seed productivity as well as diverse quality traits (nitrogen content in shoots and seeds and fatty acids, in seeds) and physiological traits (stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and ion content) of two accessions collected in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The three salinity levels tested were irrigation with fresh water (0.3 dS m-1), brackish water (25 dS m-1) and sea water (40 dS m-1). In addition, a hypersaline condition (80 dS m-1) was also tested for germination. The best germination rates were achieved with seeds exposed to fresh and brackish water, while imbibition with sea water decreased germination by half and hypersaline water inhibited it almost totally. However, the best irrigation regime in terms of biomass and seed yield involved brackish water. Moreover, rising salinity in the irrigation increased the stable isotope composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), together with the Na+ and K+ of shoots and seeds, and the lipid levels of seeds, while the total nitrogen content and the profile of major fatty acids of seeds did not change. Differences between the two ecotypes existed for growth and seed yield with the best ecotype exhibiting lower δ13C and higher K+ in both shoots and seeds, lower Na+ and higher δ15N in shoots, and lower N in seeds, together with differences in major fatty acids. Physiological mechanisms behind the response to irrigation salinity and the ecotypic differences are discussed in terms of photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Fatima Zahra Rezzouk
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Sumitha Thushar
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ismahane A Elouafi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jordi Bort
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria D Serret
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Rezzouk FZ, Shahid MA, Elouafi IA, Zhou B, Araus JL, Serret MD. Agronomical and analytical trait data assessed in a set of quinoa genotypes growing in the UAE under different irrigation salinity conditions. Data Brief 2020; 31:105758. [PMID: 32577441 PMCID: PMC7300274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here provides a reference to the physiological and agronomical performance of a wide pool of quinoa accessions grown under different salinity conditions in desert areas. This dataset is useful for researchers involved in agronomy and breeding for saline agriculture in arid regions, with particular focus on quinoa and manuring. This dataset includes a wide range of phenotypical and agronomical traits that may be used to develop more efficient experimental set ups and refine simulation models, including crop management and phenotyping protocols. Quinoa is a very promising crop that is amenable to arid zones affected by salinity, which makes it a real alternative for current application in agriculture and it has great potential as a crop in the context of climate change. It may provide a source of income to farmers in developing countries.
The importance of quinoa has been emphasized considerably in the recent decades, as a highly nutritional crop seed that is tolerant to salinity and amenable to arid agronomical conditions. The focus of this paper is to provide raw and a supplemental data of the research article entitled “Agronomic performance of irrigated quinoa in desert areas: comparing different approaches for early assessment of salinity stress” [1], aiming to compare different approaches for early detection, at the genotypic and crop levels, of the effect of salinity caused by irrigation on the agronomic performance of this crop. A set of 20 genotypes was grown under drip irrigation in sandy soil, amended with manure, at the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (UAE) for two weeks, after which half of the trial was submitted to irrigation with saline water and this was continued until crop maturity. After eight weeks of applying the two irrigation regimes, pigment contents were evaluated in fully expanded leaves. The same leaves were then harvested, dried and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) and the total nitrogen and carbon contents of the dry matter analyzed, together with ion concentrations. At maturity yield components were assessed and yield harvested. Data analysis demonstrated significant differences in genotypes response under each treatment, within all assessed parameters. The significant level was provided using the Tukey-b test on independent samples. The present dataset highlights the potential use of different approaches to crop phenotyping and monitoring decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Rezzouk
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Ismahane A. Elouafi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, U.A.E
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - José L. Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria D. Serret
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Corresponding author. Maria D. Serret, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria D Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta S Lopes
- Sustainable Field Crops Program, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
- The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
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Araus JL, Sauque E, Matas J, Serret MD. Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic capacity and leaf structure ofFatsia japonicaleaves grown in a shadehouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14620316.1989.11515944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jauregui I, Aroca R, Garnica M, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Serret MD, Parry M, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Nitrogen assimilation and transpiration: key processes conditioning responsiveness of wheat to elevated [CO2] and temperature. Physiol Plant 2015; 155:338-54. [PMID: 25958969 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although climate scenarios have predicted an increase in [CO(2)] and temperature conditions, to date few experiments have focused on the interaction of [CO(2)] and temperature effects in wheat development. Recent evidence suggests that photosynthetic acclimation is linked to the photorespiration and N assimilation inhibition of plants exposed to elevated CO(2). The main goal of this study was to analyze the effect of interacting [CO(2)] and temperature on leaf photorespiration, C/N metabolism and N transport in wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature conditions. For this purpose, wheat plants were exposed to elevated [CO(2)] (400 vs 700 µmol mol(-1)) and temperature (ambient vs ambient + 4°C) in CO(2) gradient greenhouses during the entire life cycle. Although at the agronomic level, elevated temperature had no effect on plant biomass, physiological analyses revealed that combined elevated [CO(2)] and temperature negatively affected photosynthetic performance. The limited energy levels resulting from the reduced respiratory and photorespiration rates of such plants were apparently inadequate to sustain nitrate reductase activity. Inhibited N assimilation was associated with a strong reduction in amino acid content, conditioned leaf soluble protein content and constrained leaf N status. Therefore, the plant response to elevated [CO(2)] and elevated temperature resulted in photosynthetic acclimation. The reduction in transpiration rates induced limitations in nutrient transport in leaves of plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature, led to mineral depletion and therefore contributed to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Garnica
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángel M Zamarreño
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - José M García-Mina
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria D Serret
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal. Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Parry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Juan J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 644, Bilbao, E-48080, Bizkaia, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192-Mutilva Baja, Spain
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Serret MD, Trillas MI. Effects of Light and Sucrose Levels on the Anatomy, Ultrastructure, and Photosynthesis of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Leaflets Cultured in vitro. Int J Plant Sci 2000; 161:281-289. [PMID: 10777452 DOI: 10.1086/314251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/1999] [Revised: 10/01/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the effect of growing conditions on the anatomical and ultrastructural changes associated with the development of photoautotrophy in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis plantlets during shoot multiplication in vitro. Two photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (50 and 100 µmol m-2 s-1 PPFD: L50 and L100, respectively) and two sucrose concentrations in the culture medium (5 and 30 g L-1: S5 and S30, respectively) were assayed. An increase in PPFD stimulated the development of photosynthetic tissues and led to higher photosynthesis and dark respiration regardless of the sucrose level assayed. However, the effect of sucrose in the medium depended on the PPFD. For the high-PPFD treatment, a low sucrose concentration in the medium stimulated the development of photosynthetic tissues, whereas the opposite effect of sucrose was observed at low PPFD. This study demonstrated that an increase in light intensity to moderate values such as L100 has a beneficial effect on the development of structural changes associated with photoautotrophy. Such an effect is stimulated by low sucrose (S5) levels in the medium. These modifications of usual growing conditions (such as L50 combined with S30) for micropropagation may prove to be useful in mass propagation of gardenia. However, the use of a low sucrose level in addition to conventional growing PPFD may be counterproductive.
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Araus JL, Brown HR, Byrd GT, Serret MD. Comparative effects of growth irradiance on photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of Flaveria brownii (C4-like), Flaveria linearis (C 3-C 4) and their F 1 hybrid. Planta 1991; 183:497-504. [PMID: 24193842 DOI: 10.1007/bf00194270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic rates and related anatomical characteristics of leaves developed at three levels of irradiance (1200, 300 and 80 umol · m(-2) · s(-1)) were determined in the C4-like species Flaveria brownii A.M. Powell, the C3-C4-intermediate species F. linearis Lag., and the F1 hybrid between them (F. brownii × F. linearis). In the C3-C4 and F1 plants, increases in photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area were strongly correlated with changes in mesophyll area per unit leaf area. The C4-like plant F. brownii, however, showed a much lower correlation between photosynthetic capacity and mesophyll area per unit leaf area. Plants of F. brownii developed at high irradiance showed photosynthetic rates per unit of mesophyll cell area 50% higher than those plants developed at medium irradiance. These results along with an increase in water-use efficiency are consistent with an increase of C4 photosynthesis in high-irradiance-grown F. brownii plants, whereas in the other two genotypes such plasticity seems to be absent. Photosynthetic discrimination against (13)C in the three genotypes was less at high than at low irradiance, with the greatest change occurring in F. brownii. Discrimination against (13)C expressed as δ (13)C was linearly correlated (r (2) = 0.81; P<0.001) with the ratio of bundle-sheath volume to mesophyll cell area when all samples from the three genotypes were combined. This tissue ratio increased for F. brownii and the F1 hybrid as growth irradiance increased, indicating a greater tendency towards Kranz anatomy. The results indicated that F. brownii had plasticity in its C4-related anatomical and physiological characteristics as a function of growth irradiance, whereas plasticity was less evident in the F1 hybrid and absent in F. linearis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Araus
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Araus JL, Brown RH, Bouton JH, Serret MD. Leaf anatomical characteristics in Flaveria trinervia (C4), Flaveria brownii (C 4-like) and their F 1 hybrid. Photosynth Res 1990; 26:49-57. [PMID: 24420409 DOI: 10.1007/bf00048976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/1989] [Accepted: 04/24/1990] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several leaf anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics usually related with photosynthetic capacity were examined in two Flaveria species with strong differences in anatomy and their F1 hybrid. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr (C4) was the female parent and F. brownii A.M. Powell (C4-like) was the male parent. Quantitative anatomical analysis was made on transverse sections of leaves at both the light and electron microscope level. Four kinds of photosynthetic tissues were considered: bundle sheath (BS), mesophyll adjacent to the BS, mesophyll not adjacent to the BS, and larger spongy mesophyll cells. Flaveria trinvervia partitioned a larger proportion of its photosynthetic cells to BS and the mesophyll layer adjacent to BS and also possessed larger chloroplasts, especially in BS, than did F. brownii. These results suggest that although F. brownii is very C4-like, its anatomy is not as completely C4 as is the case for F. trinervia. In the F1 hybrid the relative contribution of the different tissues to the total photosynthetic tissue volume and area per unit leaf area was quite similar to that of F. trinervia. On the other hand, the chloroplast density and size of the F1 hybrid were fairly similar to those of F. brownii, especially in BS. Thus, there was no evidence of maternal inheritance in the chloroplast characteristics studied. A negative correlation (P<0.05) between chloroplast size and density was observed among species and relicates within each kind of tissue. This correlation was highest (r=-0.94, P<0.001) for the BS and when values were plotted on a logarithmic scale. Thus, higher chloroplast numbers for F. brownii and the F1 hybrid were offset by larger chloroplasts in F. trinervia. Less complete C4 photosynthesis in F. brownii may be partially due to incomplete development of Kranz anatomy usually associated with C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Araus
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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