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de Barros WA, Silva MDM, Dantas MDDA, Santos JCC, Figueiredo IM, Chaves OA, Sant’Anna CMR, de Fátima Â. Recreational drugs 25I-NBOH and 25I-NBOMe bind to both Sudlow's sites I and II of human serum albumin (HSA): biophysical and molecular modeling studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
25I-NBOH and 25I-NBOMe simultaneously bind to sites I and II of HSA, which may affect their distribution and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Alves de Barros
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Otávio Augusto Chaves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
- Seropédica
- Brazil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant’Anna
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
- Seropédica
- Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
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de Magalhães Silva M, de Araújo Dantas MD, da Silva Filho RC, Dos Santos Sales MV, de Almeida Xavier J, Leite ACR, Goulart MOF, Grillo LAM, de Barros WA, de Fátima Â, Figueiredo IM, Santos JCC. Toxicity of thimerosal in biological systems: Conformational changes in human hemoglobin, decrease of oxygen binding capacity, increase of protein glycation and amyloid's formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:661-671. [PMID: 32198046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal (TH), an organomercurial compound, is used as a preservative in vaccines and cosmetics. Its interaction with human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated under physiological conditions using biophysical and biological assays, aiming to evaluate hazardous effects. TH interacts spontaneously with Hb (stoichiometry 2:1, ligand-protein), preferably by electrostatic forces, with a binding constant of 1.41 × 106 M-1. Spectroscopic data allows to proposing that TH induces structural changes in Hg, through ethylmercury transfer to human Hb-Cys93 residues, forming thiosalicylic acid, which, in turn, interacts with the positive side of the amino acid in the Hb-HgEt adduct chain. As a consequence, inhibition of Hb-O2 binding capacity up to 72% (human Hb), and 50% (human erythrocytes), was verified. Dose-dependent induction of TH forming advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein aggregates (amyloids) was additionally observed. Finally, these results highlight the toxic potential of the use of TH in biological systems, with a consequent risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Magalhães Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Dayanne de Araújo Dantas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Correia da Silva Filho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Dos Santos Sales
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Jadriane de Almeida Xavier
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Rezende Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Wellington Alves de Barros
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isis Martins Figueiredo
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha Caldas Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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