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Villanueva-Millan MJ, Leite G, Morales W, Sanchez M, Parodi G, Weitsman S, Celly S, Cohrs D, Do H, Barlow GM, Mathur R, Rezaie A, Pimentel M. Hydrogen Sulfide Producers Drive a Diarrhea-Like Phenotype and a Methane Producer Drives a Constipation-Like Phenotype in Animal Models. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:426-436. [PMID: 38060167 PMCID: PMC10861391 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) subjects have higher relative abundance (RA) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Fusobacterium and Desulfovibrio species, and constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) subjects have higher RA of methanogen Methanobrevibacter smithii. AIMS In this study, we investigate the effects of increased methanogens or H2S producers on stool phenotypes in rat models. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 days to increase M. smithii levels, then gavaged for 10 days with water (controls) or methanogenesis inhibitors. To increase H2S producers, rats were gavaged with F. varium or D. piger. Stool consistency (stool wet weight (SWW)) and gas production were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples. RESULTS In HFD diet-fed rats (N = 30), stool M. smithii levels were increased (P < 0.001) after 52 days, correlating with significantly decreased SWW (P < 0.0001) at 59 days (R = - 0.38, P = 0.037). Small bowel M. smithii levels decreased significantly in lovastatin lactone-treated rats (P < 0.0006), and SWW increased (normalized) in lovastatin hydroxyacid-treated rats (P = 0.0246), vs. controls (N = 10/group). SWW increased significantly in D. piger-gavaged rats (N = 16) on day 10 (P < 0.0001), and in F. varium-gavaged rats (N = 16) at all timepoints, vs. controls, with increased stool H2S production. 16S sequencing revealed stool microbiota alterations in rats gavaged with H2S producers, with higher relative abundance (RA) of other H2S producers, particularly Lachnospiraceae and Bilophila in F. varium-gavaged rats, and Sutterella in D. piger-gavaged rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased M. smithii levels result in a constipation-like phenotype in a rat model that is partly reversible with methanogenesis inhibitors, whereas gavage with H2S producers D. piger or F. varium results in increased colonization with other H2S producers and diarrhea-like phenotypes. This supports roles for the increased RA of methanogens and H2S producers identified in IBS-C and IBS-D subjects, respectively, in contributing to stool phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Villanueva-Millan
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Walter Morales
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Maritza Sanchez
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Gonzalo Parodi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Stacy Weitsman
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Shreya Celly
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Daniel Cohrs
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Huongly Do
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Gillian M Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, 770 N. San Vicente Blvd, Suite G271, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA.
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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