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Moronato ML, Cecchinato M, Facchetti G, Mainenti M, Gobbo F, Catania S. Application of different laboratory techniques to monitor the behaviour of a Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine (MS-H) in broiler breeders. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:357. [PMID: 30458824 PMCID: PMC6245925 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is a major poultry pathogen which causes severe economic losses in all the productive sectors. The prevalence of MS in European countries has increased in the last few years, leading to greater attention to the available methods to prevent its spread. The main strategy currently applied for its containment is the development and maintenance of MS-free breeder flocks. A live MS vaccine (MS-H) obtained by mutagenizing an Australian field strain has recently been introduced in Italy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vaccine behaviour in broiler breeder groups at different production stages and the effectiveness of the available laboratory tests in discriminating the MS-H from a field strain. Results The vaccine diffused extensively through the population, shown by the wide serological response (over 80% of positive samples in RSA and 85% in ELISA), the high serological titres, the positivity of all the tracheal samples collected during the production phase by MS PCR and the positivity by cultivation from tracheal swabs at the end-point (55 weeks after vaccination). In contrast, only one swab from a sternal bursa was positive in MS PCR, while all the joint and oviduct samples were negative. There was no evidence of vertical transmission. Different genotyping techniques were used to achieve a clear classification of the MS positive samples. The vlhA and the obg gene analysis showed that most of the strains were homologous with the vaccine, but some ambiguous samples were further investigated with the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme which confirmed the homology. Conclusions The development of a multi-technique approach to monitor vaccinated avian flocks, based both on serological and biomolecular methods, is advised as well as the use of effective genotyping techniques to analyse the MS strains circulating in high densely populated poultry areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1669-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Moronato
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health - MAPS, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy. .,Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - M Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health - MAPS, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Facchetti
- Veterinary practitioner. Avicola Alimentare Monteverde SRL. Via San Donato, 107, 25038. Rovato, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Mainenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Verona, SCT1, Via S. Giacomo 5, 37135, Verona, Italy
| | - F Gobbo
- Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Catania
- Avian Medicine Laboratory Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020. Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Catania S, Carnaccini S, Mainenti M, Moronato ML, Gobbo F, Calogero T. Isolation of Avipoxvirus from Tongue of Canaries ( Serinus canaria) Show Severe Localized Proliferative Glossitis. Avian Dis 2018; 61:531-535. [PMID: 29337622 DOI: 10.1637/11713-071417-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poxvirus was the causative agent of two unusual outbreaks of proliferative glossitis in canary ( Serinus canaria forma domestica) breeders in the Northern Italy. A total of 45, 7-9-mo-old canaries were submitted in fair postmortem conditions to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie at the beginning of November 2005 for diagnostic investigation. Birds belonged to two unrelated and geographically distant aviaries in northern Italy, herein identified as Aviary A and Aviary B. The two breeder flocks had both attended the same bird exposition held at the beginning of October and started experiencing an onset of high mortality 3 wk after the show. Twelve red factor-melanin canaries from Aviary A (Mantua) and 33 dominant white and recessive white canaries from Aviary B (Vicenza) were submitted for laboratory investigations. Clinical signs were unspecific and consisted of depression, ruffling of the feathers, epistaxis, and anorexia due to decreased feed and water intake. Postmortem findings revealed a severe increase in volume, thickening, and hardening of the tongue, which had turned pinkish to dark brown. No apparent gross lesions were noticed in integumentary, respiratory, and digestive systems or other internal organs. Histopathologic evaluation of the tongue revealed severe proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies) displacing the nuclei of the cells peripherally. Severe ulceration of the surface epithelium, fibrinoheterophilic plaque formation, and moderate basal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations were also associated with the proliferative lesion. Poxvirus was successfully isolated from the lesions in tissue cultures but not in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs. Typical large, brick-shaped viral particles of 300-450 nm were also observed in affected tongues by transmission electron microscopy. This is the first report of multiple outbreaks of "poxvirus glossitis" in canaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- A Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Padova, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- B Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Marta Mainenti
- A Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Padova, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- A Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Padova, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Federica Gobbo
- A Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Padova, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Terregino Calogero
- A Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Padova, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
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Moronato ML, Ustulin M, Vio D, Nicholas RAJ, Catania S. Diagnosis and control of a severe outbreak of lameness caused by
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
in a closed pig unit. Vet rec case rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Moronato
- Laboratorio di Medicina AviareIstituto Zooprofilaticco Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaroVenetoItaly
| | - Martina Ustulin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VeneziePeripheral Diagnostic Laboratory of PordenoneCordenonsItaly
| | - Denis Vio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VeneziePeripheral Diagnostic Laboratory of PordenoneCordenonsItaly
| | | | - Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieDiagnostic ServiceLaboratory of Avian MedicinePadovaItaly
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Catania S, Gobbo F, Ramirez AS, Guadagnini D, Baldasso E, Moronato ML, Nicholas RAJ. Erratum to: Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:75. [PMID: 27071385 PMCID: PMC4830066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana S Ramirez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontala s/n, Arucas, Islas Canarias, 35413, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Baldasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Catania S, Gobbo F, Ramirez AS, Guadagnini D, Baldasso E, Moronato ML, Nicholas RAJ. Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:52. [PMID: 26968657 PMCID: PMC4788927 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of wild birds in the transmission and spread of mycoplasmas is not clear. Up to now different Mycoplasma species have been isolated from wild birds many of which are not considered pathogens sensu stricto for domestic flocks. This report describes the first isolation of Mycoplasma synoviae in a captive lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) held in a zoo in Italy and the laboratory investigations performed to elucidate its origin. Results showed that the strain was similar to the MS-H vaccine strain using the vlhA methods although no vaccination with this product was used in the zoo. Case presentation This paper describes investigations into a case in which 10 of 12 adult lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) died after having recently been moved from the Netherlands to a new zoo in Northern Italy. While most of the birds appeared to have died from the stress of movement and poor adaptation to their new environment, Mycoplasma synoviae, an important poultry pathogen in the layer and meat industry, was isolated for the first time from the trachea of one animal presenting catarrhal tracheitis and fibrinous airsacculitis. Genetic analysis of the conserved region of the vlhA was not able to differentiate the flamingo strain from the MS-H vaccine strain. However differences in the sequences of the obg gene of the flamingo and vaccine strain were detected. A test for temperature-sensitivity (ts) gave a ts− phenotype for the flamingo strain, in contrast to the ts+ status of the MS-H strain. Based on this information and knowing that the flamingos were not vaccinated against M. synoviae, it is highly likely that the flamingo was infected with a genetically similar wild strain by contact with infected birds. Conclusions This case provides evidence for the potential role of international trade of ornamental birds as a possible route of introduction of new mycoplasma strains between countries, and moreover highlight that vlhA gene sequencing was not sufficient to discriminate the wild strain isolated from the flamingo from the MS-H vaccine strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0680-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana S Ramirez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontala s/n, Arucas, 35413, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Baldasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Catania S, Rodio S, Moronato ML, Ayling RD, Nicholas RAJ. Outbreak of disease associated with
Mycoplasma meleagridis
in a free‐range mixed poultry farm. Vet rec case rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Laboratorio di Medicina AviareInstituto Zooprofilaticco Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaroVenetoItaly
| | - Stefania Rodio
- Laboratorio di Medicina AviareInstituto Zooprofilaticco Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaroVenetoItaly
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- Laboratorio di Medicina AviareInstituto Zooprofilaticco Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaroVenetoItaly
| | - Roger D Ayling
- Department of BacteriologyAnimal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyAddlestoneSurreyUK
| | - Robin A J Nicholas
- Department of BacteriologyAnimal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyAddlestoneSurreyUK
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