Hygienic assessment of the effects of pesticides application on children population morbidity with thyroid gland diseases

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: It is proved that some groups of fungicides and herbicides are capable of affecting the thyroid gland, provoking its growth, leading to a compensatory change in the activity of the hormones synthesis. Therefore, the presence of their residual amounts in plant may affect the level of thyroid gland pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of pesticide application on the Ukrainian child population morbidity with thyroid diseases in the period from 2001 to 2014.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and systematization, epidemiological, cartographic and statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Review: The maximum level of thyroid pathology was found in the northern, western and northwestern regions, where the diffuse goiter dominates in the morbidity and prevalence of thyroid diseases; minimal - in the southern, eastern and south-eastern regions. It was established that the highest volumes of application of chemical plant protection products in the period 2001-2013 took place in the southern and central regions of Ukraine, namely in Poltava, Vinnitsa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Khmelnytsky regions. Sufficiently high levels of pesticide application were in the Kyiv, Kherson regions, Zaporizhia, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regions.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The probability of the active chemical plant protection products application effect on the level of thyroid cancer, various types of goiter, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis in the central and southern regions was determined. These are regions with well-developed agricultural production.

Еvaluation of health status of children attending primary schools with different organization of physical education lessons

BACKGROUND

The mandatory swimming lesson in primary schools, equipped with swimming pools, was introduced without studying of its health-saving effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health status of pupils studying in schools with different organization of physical education lessons.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cross-sectional study was organized in two schools with different organization of physical education lessons. The experimental group (E) consisted of 408 children of 1‑4 year of study (210 girls and 198 boys) who during one of the lessons of physical education were engaged in swimming in the school basin. Control group (C) consisted of 279 primary school children (210 girls and 156 boys) from a neighboring educational institution where all physical education lessons were organized in the gym. The health status was evaluated using classical method of complex assessment of the state of health with the subsequent assignment of each child to one of the health groups.

RESULTS

In result of evaluation of state of health there was established that among pupils from E group the proportion of boys with harmonious anthropometric parameters is higher (p<0.05), children from this group are stronger than C group (p<0.05). The prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the eyes among pupils in E group was lower comparing to the C group (p<0.01). In the E group percentage of pupils assigned to health group I was significantly higher and lower for the II (children with some morpho-functional abnormalities) comparing to the C group.

CONCLUSION

Organization of one mandatory swimming lesson per week in primary school has positive effect on health status of children.

Hygienic assessment of different forms of physical education lessons organization in primary school

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: Different forms of physical education lessons organization, including swimming classes were introduced in education process without studying of its healthsaving effectiveness. The aim of this study was hygienic assessment of different forms of physical education lessons organization in primary school.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in two schools with different organization of physical education lessons. The experimental group (E) consisted of 408 children of 1‑4 year of study (210 girls and 198 boys) who were engaged in swimming in the school basin during one of the lessons of physical education. Control group (C) consisted of 279 primary school children (210 girls and 156 boys) from a neighboring educational institution where all physical education lessons were organized in the gym. The integral estimation of physical education classes was performed. Action timing with pulse measurement during gym and swimming lessons was held. Target heart rate level was calculated using Carvonen formula. Heart rate variability parameters were measured using diagnostic complex FAZAGRAF® .

RESULTS

Results: A low level of physical load in E and C groups causes functional tension of cardio-vascular system. Pulse restitution and distribution on the types of vegetative regulation indicates that children attended one swimming lesson per week recovered better after physical load comparing to the C group.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Primary schoolchildren have low physical endurance. Attending one swimming lesson per week contributes to better recovery after physical load and improves vegetative regulation.

Hygienic assessment of the effects of pesticides application on adult population morbidity with thyroid gland diseases

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: It is proved that some groups of fungicides and herbicides are capable of affecting the thyroid gland, provoking its growth, leading to a compensatory change in the activity of the hormones synthesis. Therefore, the presence of their residual amounts in plant may affect the level of thyroid gland pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of pesticide application on the Ukrainian adult population morbidity with thyroid diseases in the period from 2001 to 2014.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and systematization, epidemiological, cartographic and statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Results: The maximum level of thyroid pathology was found in the northern, western and northwestern regions, where the diffuse goiter dominates in the morbidity and prevalence of thyroid diseases; minimal - in the southern, eastern and south-eastern regions. It was established that the highest volumes of application of chemical plant protection products in the period 2001-2013 took place in the southern and central regions of Ukraine, namely in Poltava, Vinnitsa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Khmelnytsky, Odesa and Mykolaiv regions. Sufficiently high levels of pesticide application were in the Kyiv, Kherson regions, Crimea, Zaporizhia, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regions.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The probability of the active chemical plant protection products usage effect on the level of prevalence and incidence of thyroid cancer, various types of goiter, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis in the central and southern regions was determined. Are regions with well-developed agricultural production.

[Professional risk assessment for modern pesticides during their application in the horticulture]

The work conditions on application of modern pesticides Masai, Regalis and Bellis for apple orchards protection have been researched. We show that total risk of hazard influence of tebufenpyrad, prohexadione-calcium, pyraclostrobin and boscalid on agricultural workers under condition of complex entry in body through skin and respiratory tracts is permissible. We proved that application of studied preparations is not dangerous for workers in case of abidance of agrotechnical and hygienic regulations.

[An experimental study of the mechanism of the combined action on the body of ionizing radiation, pesticides, nitrates and lead and cadmium salts]

The studies made showed that repeated combined action of chemical factors (pesticides of different chemical groups, Cd and Pb salts, nitrates) in the doses studied resulted in an increase of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tissues, accumulation of its end products in biosubstrates, and activation of catalase and peroxidase oxidoreductases in blood of test animals. Combined action of chemical factors and gamma radiation was found out to make for increasing in lipid peroxidation and involving of ceruloplasmin in the LPO inhibition. Depletion of the antioxidant system in repeated irradiations against the background of chemical loading was accompanied by accumulation of the LPO products. We conclude that in the pathogenesis of the revealed changes in associated effects of ionizing radiation, pesticides, nitrates, Plumbum and Cadmium salts, the LPO activation in the presence of the antioxidant system depletion is most important, in view of which fact the specific criteria for the studied factors combined effects on the organism appear to be the activity of the oxidation-reduction enzymes and the level of the-active products, with the chief preventive measures being directed towards increasing of radioresistance of the organism through correction of the antioxidant deficiency.

[Evaluation of Ricide-P pesticide toxicity using the experimental model mother-fetus-newborn]

Necessity of the mother-fetus-newborn model usage in toxicological experiments for the xenobiotics environmental content standardization was shown in the toxicological study of Ricid-P pesticide.

[Role of soil air in the development of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers]

The mechanism of the high concentrations of pesticides in overground air is described. Equivocation and computer program for the pesticides concentration to calculations are worked out.

[Assessment of the toxic effects of a combination of chemicals contained in the soil]

A technique of the assessment of toxic effect of a combination of chemicals in soil on the organism of mammals has been developed. It is based on the investigation of the damaging effect of components of the combination when they get into the organism through the soil-contiguous media on the level of summary 24-hour doses, as well as when their residues get into the organism with food, water, air and through the skin. A method calculating the threshold dose of each component of the combination in soil according to the toxicological harm index is suggested.