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Farolfi A, Altavilla A, Morandi L, Capelli L, Chiadini E, Prisinzano G, Gurioli G, Molari M, Calistri D, Foschini MP, De Giorgi U. Endometrioid Cancer Associated With Endometriosis: From the Seed and Soil Theory to Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859510. [PMID: 35359373 PMCID: PMC8960260 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue. It is still debated whether endometriosis is a disease that can predispose to the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer outside the uterus. Deficiencies in mismatch repair (MMR) genes are a known risk factor for developing endometrioid cancer. Starting from two cases of patients with abnormal MMR endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus and synchronous endometrioid carcinoma in non-ovarian and ovarian endometriosis, we performed a somatic mutation profile and phylogenetic analysis of the lesions in order to identify if they were metastasis or primary de novo tumors. In the first case, we identified de novo activating mutations in PIK3CA and KRAS in endometrioid cancer lesions but not in endometriosis. Although the acquisition of a de novo mutation in ESR1 and a decrease in mutant allele fraction (MAF) from the endometrial tumor to the localizations in the endometriosis lesions, the clonal relationship was confirmed by the limited number of heteroplasmic mutations in D-loop mitochondrial DNA region. In the other case, the clonal behavior was demonstrated by the overlap of MAF at each site. Our data support the hypothesis of a retrograde dissemination of tumor cells, moving from the primary carcinoma in the endometrium to ectopic sites of endometriosis where localizations of tumor arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Amelia Altavilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanna Prisinzano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Marianna Molari
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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Krause S, Molari M, Gorb EV, Gorb SN, Kossel E, Haeckel M. Persistence of plastic debris and its colonization by bacterial communities after two decades on the abyssal seafloor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9484. [PMID: 32528001 PMCID: PMC7289819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of plastic debris entering the oceans is largely unconstrained. Currently, intensified research is devoted to the abiotic and microbial degradation of plastic floating near the ocean surface for an extended period of time. In contrast, the impacts of environmental conditions in the deep sea on polymer properties and rigidity are virtually unknown. Here, we present unique results of plastic items identified to have been introduced into deep-sea sediments at a water depth of 4150 m in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean more than two decades ago. The results, including optical, spectroscopic, physical and microbial analyses, clearly demonstrate that the bulk polymer materials show no apparent sign of physical or chemical degradation. Solely the polymer surface layers showed reduced hydrophobicity, presumably caused by microbial colonization. The bacterial community present on the plastic items differed significantly (p < 0.1%) from those of the adjacent natural environment by a dominant presence of groups requiring steep redox gradients (Mesorhizobium, Sulfurimonas) and a remarkable decrease in diversity. The establishment of chemical gradients across the polymer surfaces presumably caused these conditions. Our findings suggest that plastic is stable over extended times under deep-sea conditions and that prolonged deposition of polymer items at the seafloor may induce local oxygen depletion at the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krause
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany.
| | - M Molari
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - E V Gorb
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S N Gorb
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E Kossel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Haeckel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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Vonnahme TR, Molari M, Janssen F, Wenzhöfer F, Haeckel M, Titschack J, Boetius A. Effects of a deep-sea mining experiment on seafloor microbial communities and functions after 26 years. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz5922. [PMID: 32426478 PMCID: PMC7190355 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Future supplies of rare minerals for global industries with high-tech products may depend on deep-sea mining. However, environmental standards for seafloor integrity and recovery from environmental impacts are missing. We revisited the only midsize deep-sea disturbance and recolonization experiment carried out in 1989 in the Peru Basin nodule field to compare habitat integrity, remineralization rates, and carbon flow with undisturbed sites. Plough tracks were still visible, indicating sites where sediment was either removed or compacted. Locally, microbial activity was reduced up to fourfold in the affected areas. Microbial cell numbers were reduced by ~50% in fresh "tracks" and by <30% in the old tracks. Growth estimates suggest that microbially mediated biogeochemical functions need over 50 years to return to undisturbed levels. This study contributes to developing environmental standards for deep-sea mining while addressing limits to maintaining and recovering ecological integrity during large-scale nodule mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Vonnahme
- Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Molari
- Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - F. Janssen
- Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- HGF MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - F. Wenzhöfer
- Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- HGF MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M. Haeckel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J. Titschack
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Senckenberg am Meer, Marine Research Department, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - A. Boetius
- Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- HGF MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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