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Djamai H, Berrou J, Dupont M, Coudé MM, Delord M, Clappier E, Marceau-Renaut A, Kaci A, Raffoux E, Itzykson R, Berthier C, Wu HC, Hleihel R, Bazarbachi A, de Thé H, Baruchel A, Gardin C, Dombret H, Braun T. Biological Effects of BET Inhibition by OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 in NPM1-Mutated (NPM1c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111704. [PMID: 34829934 PMCID: PMC8615962 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi) including OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 demonstrated antileukemic activity including NPM1c AML cells. Nevertheless, the biological consequences of BETi in NPM1c AML were not fully investigated. Even if of better prognosis AML patients with NPM1c may relapse and treatment remains difficult. Differentiation-based therapy by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) demonstrated activity in NPM1c AML. We found that BETi, similar to ATO + ATRA, induced differentiation and apoptosis which was TP53 independent in the NPM1c cell line OCI-AML3 and primary cells. Furthermore, BETi induced proteasome-dependent degradation of NPM1c. BETi degraded NPM1c in the cytosol while BRD4 is degraded in the nucleus which suggests that restoration of the NPM1/BRD4 equilibrium in the nucleus of NPM1c cells is essential for the efficacy of BETi. While ATO + ATRA had significant biological activity in NPM1c IMS-M2 cell line, those cells were resistant to BETi. Gene profiling revealed that IMS-M2 cells probably resist to BETi by upregulation of LSC pathways independently of the downregulation of a core BET-responsive transcriptional program. ATO + ATRA downregulated a NPM1c specific HOX gene signature while anti-leukemic effects of BETi appear HOX gene independent. Our preclinical results encourage clinical testing of BETi in NPM1c AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Djamai
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Marc Delord
- Bioinformatics, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | | | - Anna Kaci
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Raphaël Itzykson
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Caroline Berthier
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 113-6044, Lebanon; (R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 113-6044, Lebanon; (R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-148957072
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Astorgues-Xerri L, Vázquez R, Odore E, Rezai K, Kahatt C, Mackenzie S, Bekradda M, Coudé MM, Dombret H, Gardin C, Lokiec F, Raymond E, Noel K, Cvitkovic E, Herait P, Bertoni F, Riveiro ME. Insights into the cellular pharmacological properties of the BET-inhibitor OTX015/MK-8628 (birabresib), alone and in combination, in leukemia models. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3067-3070. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1617860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Vázquez
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Odore
- RadioPharmacology Department, Curie Institute–Rene Huguenin Hospital, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- RadioPharmacology Department, Curie Institute–Rene Huguenin Hospital, Saint Cloud, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Herve Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Francois Lokiec
- RadioPharmacology Department, Curie Institute–Rene Huguenin Hospital, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology Department, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Noel
- Oncoethix SA, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Braun T, Coudé MM, Berrou J, Djamai H, Dupont M, Kaci A, Delord M, Itzykson R, Raffoux E, Berthier C, Thé HD, Baruchel A, Gardin C, Dombret H. Abstract 803: Bromodomain and extra-terminal BET inhibitors induce TP53 independent apoptosis, maturation and oncoprotein degradation in NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Differentiation based therapy by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) results in cure of >90% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA+ATO is highly biologically active in NPM1c AML, accounting for 30-40% of AML patients. ATO/ATRA induces proteasomal degradation of NPM1c, differentiation, growth arrest and TP53 dependent apoptosis in NPM1c cells. Furthermore, ATRA/ATO exposure restores nuclear localization of NPM1wt and significantly reduces blasts in NPMc AML patients. It was shown that the BET inhibitors OTX015/MK-8628 and JQ1 yield antileukemic activity and here we demonstrate their effects in NPM1c leukemia cells compared to ATRA/ATO. Methods : NPMc OCI-AML3 cell line or patient bone marrow (BM) blast cells obtained after informed consent were exposed to ATRA/ATO or OTX015/MK-8628 and JQ1. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/PI and caspase 3/PARP cleavage by WB. TP53 expression was detected by WB. Knock down of TP53 was performed with siRNA. Differentiation of OCI-AML3 cells was studied by CD11b surface expression and morphologic studies after MGG stain. Gene expression profiling was performed with GeneChip Array (Affymetrix®). NPMc expression was assessed by WB (+/- bortezomib) and cellular localization of NPMc/NPMwt was studied by immunofluorescence. Results : Exposure of OCI-AML3 cells to OTX015/MK-8628 and JQ1 was more potent to induce apoptosis as compared to ATRA/ATO. All treatments lead to caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. In OCI-AML3 cells, ATO-ATRA induced strong upregulation of genes of the TP53 dependent pathway (BAX/GADD45) while the anti apoptotic gene BCL2 was downregulated. In contrast, treatment with BET inhibitors lead to strong down regulation of the TP53 dependent pathway. In line, ATRA/ATO induced TP53 protein expression and TP53 knock down by siRNA decreased significantly ATRA/ATO induced apoptosis suggesting that apoptosis induced by BET inhibitors is TP53 independent. As compared to ATRA/ATO, OTX015/MK-8628 and JQ1 were more potent to induce differentiation as detected by CD11b surface expression and by morphologic analysis of OCI-AML3 cells. Interestingly, gene expression profiling of human leukocyte differentiation pathways in OCI-AML3 cells revealed different expression profiles for exposure to BET inhibitors compared to ATRA/ATO. Treatment of OCI-AML3 cells either by OTX015/MK8628, JQ1 or ATRA/ATO lead to proteosomal degradation of the NPMc protein. Exposure of OCI-AML3 cells and primary BM blasts of patients either by OTX015/MK8628, JQ1 or ATRA/ATO led to nuclear relocalization of NPMwt protein to the nucleus. Conclusion : BET inhibitors induce TP53 independent apoptosis, differentiation, proteasomal degradation and NPMwt relocalization in NPMc cells. Thus, clinical testing of bromodomain inhibitors in NPMc AML is indicated.
Citation Format: Thorsten Braun, Marie-Magdelaine Coudé, Jeannig Berrou, Hanene Djamai, Mélanie Dupont, Anna Kaci, Marc Delord, Raphael Itzykson, Emmanuel Raffoux, Caroline Berthier, Hugues de Thé, André Baruchel, Claude Gardin, Hervé Dombret. Bromodomain and extra-terminal BET inhibitors induce TP53 independent apoptosis, maturation and oncoprotein degradation in NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Braun
- 1Avicenne Hospital/Paris XIII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Hanene Djamai
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaci
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- 3Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | | | - Hugues de Thé
- 4INSERM/CNRS/University Paris Diderot, UMR 944/7212, Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- 5Robert Debré/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- 1Avicenne Hospital/Paris XIII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- 2Saint Louis Hospital/Paris VII University/Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Paris, France
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Coudé MM, Braun T, Berrou J, Dupont M, Bertrand S, Masse A, Raffoux E, Itzykson R, Delord M, Riveiro ME, Herait P, Baruchel A, Dombret H, Gardin C. BET inhibitor OTX015 targets BRD2 and BRD4 and decreases c-MYC in acute leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17698-712. [PMID: 25989842 PMCID: PMC4627339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) proteins including BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 have been identified as key targets for leukemia maintenance. A novel oral inhibitor of BRD2/3/4, the thienotriazolodiazepine compound OTX015, suitable for human use, is available. Here we report its biological effects in AML and ALL cell lines and leukemic samples. Exposure to OTX015 lead to cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations in acute leukemia cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells, as described with the canonical JQ1 BET inhibitor. Treatment with JQ1 and OTX15 induces similar gene expression profiles in sensitive cell lines, including a c-MYC decrease and an HEXIM1 increase. OTX015 exposure also induced a strong decrease of BRD2, BRD4 and c-MYC and increase of HEXIM1 proteins, while BRD3 expression was unchanged. c-MYC, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and HEXIM1 mRNA levels did not correlate however with viability following exposure to OTX015. Sequential combinations of OTX015 with other epigenetic modifying drugs, panobinostat and azacitidine have a synergic effect on growth of the KASUMI cell line. Our results indicate that OTX015 and JQ1 have similar biological effects in leukemic cells, supporting OTX015 evaluation in a Phase Ib trial in relapsed/refractory leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Sibyl Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Aline Masse
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Itzykson
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Bioinformatics, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
| | | | | | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris VII), Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, University Paris VII, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
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