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Rashid V, Engberink MF, van Eijsden M, Nicolaou M, Dekker LH, Verhoeff AP, Weijs PJM. Ethnicity and socioeconomic status are related to dietary patterns at age 5 in the Amsterdam born children and their development (ABCD) cohort. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:115. [PMID: 29310648 PMCID: PMC5759294 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health inequalities are already present at young age and tend to vary with ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Diet is a major determinant of overweight, and studying dietary patterns as a whole in relation to overweight rather than single nutrients or foods has been suggested. We derived dietary patterns at age 5 and determined whether ethnicity and SES were both related to these dietary patterns. METHODS We analysed 2769 validated Food Frequency Questionnaires filled in by mothers of children (5.7 ± 0.5y) in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort. Food items were reduced to 41 food groups. Energy adjusted intake per food group (g/d) was used to derive dietary patterns using Principal Component Analysis and children were given a pattern score for each dietary pattern. We defined 5 ethnic groups (Dutch, Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan, other ethnicities) and 3 SES groups (low, middle, high, based on maternal education). Multivariate ANOVA, with adjustment for age, gender and maternal age, was used to test potential associations between ethnicity or SES and dietary pattern scores. Post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni adjustment were used to examine differences between groups. RESULTS Principal Component Analysis identified 4 dietary patterns: a snacking, full-fat, meat and healthy dietary pattern, explaining 21% of the variation in dietary intake. Ethnicity was related to the dietary pattern scores (p < 0.01): non-Dutch children scored high on snacking and healthy pattern, whereas Turkish children scored high on full-fat and Surinamese children on the meat pattern. SES was related to the snacking, full-fat and meat patterns (p < 0.01): low SES children scored high on the snacking and meat pattern and low on the full-fat pattern. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that both ethnicity and SES are relevant for dietary patterns at age 5 and may enable more specific nutrition education to specific ethnic and low socioeconomic status target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viyan Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067, SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marielle F Engberink
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067, SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Eijsden
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Health Care Innovation, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Louise H Dekker
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud P Verhoeff
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Health Care Innovation, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067, SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tielemans SMAJ, Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, Brink EJ, van Baak MA, Bakker SJL, Geleijnse JM. Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:564-71. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, De Neve M, van Rooij FJA, Hofman A, van't Veer P, Witteman JCM, Franco OH, Geleijnse JM. Dietary amino acids and the risk of hypertension in a Dutch older population: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:403-10. [PMID: 23283504 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverse associations between dietary protein and hypertension have been reported, which may be attributed to specific amino acids. OBJECTIVE We examined whether the intake of glutamic acid, arginine, cysteine, lysine, or tyrosine was associated with blood pressure (BP) levels (n = 3086) and incident hypertension (n = 1810) in the Rotterdam Study. DESIGN We calculated BP levels in quartiles of amino acid intake as a percentage of total protein intake (% of protein) with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, education, and dietary factors. Subsequently, we used Cox proportional models that included the same confounders to evaluate the associations between specific amino acid intake and hypertension incidence. RESULTS Glutamic acid contributed most to protein intake (21% of protein), whereas lysine provided 7%, arginine 5%, tyrosine 4%, and cysteine 1.5%. A higher intake of tyrosine (∼0.3% of protein) was significantly related to a 2.4-mm Hg lower systolic BP (P-trend = 0.05) but not to diastolic BP (P = 0.35). The other amino acids were not significantly associated with BP levels in a cross-sectional analysis. During 6 y of follow-up (7292 person-years), 873 cases of hypertension developed. None of the amino acids were significantly associated with incident hypertension (HR: 0.81-1.18; P-trend > 0.2). CONCLUSION Our data do not suggest a major role for glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, or cysteine intake (as % of protein intake) in determining population BP or risk of hypertension.
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Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM. Reply to D Krupp et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2012. [DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.044842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Engberink MF, Bakker SJL, Brink EJ, van Baak MA, van Rooij FJA, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Geleijnse JM. Dietary acid load and risk of hypertension: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1438-44. [PMID: 22552032 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild metabolic acidosis, which can be caused by diet, may result in elevated blood pressure (BP). DESIGN The analyses included 2241 participants aged ≥55 y who were free of hypertension at baseline (1990-1993) and who had complete dietary and BP data. Dietary data were obtained from a 170-item food-frequency questionnaire. We used 2 measures to characterize dietary acid load: (1) potential renal acid load (PRAL) by using an algorithm including protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and (2) estimated net endogenous acid production (NEAP) based on protein and potassium. HRs for 6-y incidence of hypertension were obtained in tertiles of PRAL and NEAP with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, and intakes of alcohol, fiber, and total energy. RESULTS We identified 1113 incident cases of hypertension during 8707 person-years of follow-up. The median dietary acid load ranged from -14.6 to 19.9 mEq/d across categories of PRAL. Hypertension risk was not significantly associated with dietary acid load. The multivariate HRs (95% CIs) in consecutive tertiles of PRAL were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), and 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) (P trend = 0.83). The median dietary acid loads were 30.4, 36.7, and 43.7 mEq/d, respectively, in consecutive tertiles of NEAP. Corresponding HRs for NEAP were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (0.80, 1.07), and 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) (P-trend = 0.46). CONCLUSION The findings from this prospective cohort study provided no evidence of an association between dietary acid load and risk of hypertension in older adults.
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Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM, Wanders AJ, Brouwer IA. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid, a natural trans fat from milk and meat, on human blood pressure: results from a randomized crossover feeding study. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:127-32. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Soedamah-Muthu SS, Ding EL, Al-Delaimy WK, Hu FB, Engberink MF, Willett WC, Geleijnse JM. Milk and dairy consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:158-71. [PMID: 21068345 PMCID: PMC3361013 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of dairy products may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, but conflicting findings have been reported. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the associations of milk, total dairy products, and high- and low-fat dairy intakes with the risk of CVD [including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke] and total mortality. DESIGN PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS were searched for articles published up to February 2010. Of > 5000 titles evaluated, 17 met the inclusion criteria, all of which were original prospective cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with summarized dose-response data. Milk as the main dairy product was pooled in these analyses. RESULTS In 17 prospective studies, there were 2283 CVD, 4391 CHD, 15,554 stroke, and 23,949 mortality cases. A modest inverse association was found between milk intake and risk of overall CVD [4 studies; relative risk (RR): 0.94 per 200 mL/d; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99]. Milk intake was not associated with risk of CHD (6 studies; RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.04), stroke (6 studies; RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.05), or total mortality (8 studies; RR per 200 mL/d: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.03). Limited studies of the association of total dairy products and of total high-fat and total low-fat dairy products (per 200 g/d) with CHD showed no significant associations. CONCLUSION This dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies indicates that milk intake is not associated with total mortality but may be inversely associated with overall CVD risk; however, these findings are based on limited numbers.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the mid-1990s, a number of randomized controlled trials have been published that showed an antihypertensive effect of peptides derived from milk. Research has mainly focused on isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline (IPP + VPP), two lactotripeptides that can inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro. In Finnish and Japanese subjects with (mild) hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) reductions of approximately 5 mmHg were reported during 4-12 weeks of IPP + VPP supplementation. This review was performed to summarize new data from human intervention studies. RECENT FINDINGS The effect of lactotripeptides on blood pressure has recently been examined in six double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that involved a total of 780 subjects with high-normal blood pressure or untreated hypertension from the UK and The Netherlands. Intervention periods lasted 4-8 weeks, and IPP + VPP intake ranged from 2 to 10 mg/day. Contrary to earlier trials, there was little evidence for an antihypertensive effect of IPP + VPP. Furthermore, no ACE inhibition was observed in vivo. SUMMARY Recent data do not support a role for lactotripeptides in blood pressure regulation. However, we cannot exclude a beneficial effect in hypertensive subjects from specific populations (e.g. Finland, Japan). Should this be confirmed, more research is needed on mechanisms other than the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Engberink MF, Hendriksen MAH, Schouten EG, van Rooij FJA, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Geleijnse JM. Inverse association between dairy intake and hypertension: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1877-83. [PMID: 19369377 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of different types of dairy food products on the development of hypertension. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether the incidence of hypertension in older Dutch subjects is associated with intake of dairy products. DESIGN We examined the relation between dairy intake and incident hypertension in 2245 participants of the Rotterdam Study aged > or =55 y with complete dietary and blood pressure data, who were free of hypertension at baseline (1990-1993). Blood pressure was reexamined in 1993-1995 and in 1997-1999. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for 2- and 6-y incidence of hypertension were obtained in quartiles of energy-adjusted dairy intake, with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, educational level, dietary factors, and intake of alcohol and total energy. RESULTS Risk of hypertension after 2 y of follow-up (664 incident cases) was inversely associated with dairy product intake. After adjustment for confounders, HRs (95% CIs) were 1.00, 0.82 (0.67, 1.02), 0.67 (0.54, 0.84), and 0.76 (0.61, 0.95) in consecutive quartiles of total dairy product intake (P for trend = 0.008). Corresponding HRs for low-fat dairy products were 1.00, 0.75 (0.60, 0.92), 0.77 (0.63, 0.96), and 0.69 (0.56, 0.86) (P for trend = 0.003). Analysis of specific types of dairy products showed an inverse association with milk and milk products (P for trend = 0.07) and no association with high-fat dairy or cheese (P > 0.6). After 6 y of follow-up (984 incident cases), the associations with hypertension were attenuated to risk reductions of approximately 20% for both total and low-fat dairy products between the extreme quartiles of intake (P for trend = 0.07 and 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSION Intake of low-fat dairy products may contribute to the prevention of hypertension at an older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle F Engberink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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