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Beghè D, Dall’Asta L, Garavelli C, Pastorelli AA, Muscarella M, Saccani G, Aiello M, Crisafulli E, Corradi M, Stacchini P, Chetta A, Bertorelli G. Sarcoidosis in an Italian province. Prevalence and environmental risk factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176859. [PMID: 28475583 PMCID: PMC5419555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease whose causes are still unknown and for which epidemiological data are often discordant. The aim of our study is to investigate prevalence and spatial distribution of cases, and identify environmental exposures associated with sarcoidosis in an Italian province. METHODS After georeferentiation of cases, the area under study was subdivided with respect to Municipality and Health Districts and to the altitude in order to identify zonal differences in prevalence. The bioaccumulation levels of 12 metals in lichen tissues were analyzed, in order to determine sources of air pollution. Finally, the analysis of the correlation between metals and between pickup stations was performed. RESULTS 223 patients were identified (58.3% female and 41.7% male of total) and the mean age was 50.6±15.4 years (53.5±15.5 years for the females and 46.5±14.4 for the males). The mean prevalence was 49 per 100.000 individuals. However, we observed very heterogeneous prevalence in the area under study. The correlations among metals revealed different deposition patterns in lowland area respect to hilly and mountain areas. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights a high prevalence of sarcoidosis cases, characterized by a very inhomogeneous and patchy distribution with phenomena of local aggregation. Moreover, the bioaccumulation analysis was an effective method to identify the mineral particles that mostly contribute to air pollution in the different areas, but it was not sufficient to establish a clear correlation between the onset of sarcoidosis and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Beghè
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dall’Asta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Garavelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Augusto Alberto Pastorelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Muscarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gloria Saccani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Crisafulli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bertorelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Muscarella M, Armentano A, Iammarino M, Palermo C, Amorena M. Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in animals of Apulia and Basilicata, Italy. Vet Ital 2017; 52:153-9. [PMID: 27393877 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.118.333.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the presence of anticoagulant rodenticides in animals with a diagnosis of suspected poisoning and in bait samples. The survey was carried out from 2010 to 2012, in 2 regions of South Italy (Puglia and Basilicata) on 300 organs of animals and 90 suspected bait samples. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted using an analytical method based on high‑performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection (FLD) for the simultaneous determination of 8 anticoagulant rodenticides (bromadiolone, brodifacoum, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and warfarin). The presence of anticoagulant rodenticides was detected in 33 organs of animals (11% of the total) and 6 bait samples (7% of the total). The most commonly detected compound was coumachlor (47% of 39 positive samples) followed by bromadiolone (24%), and brodifacoum (11%). The species mostly involved in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning were dogs and cats. This study emphasizes the relevance of the determinations of anticoagulant rodenticides in cases of suspected poisoning in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Muscarella
- Struttura Complessa Chimica, S. S. Farmaci e Tossicologia, Istituto Zoopro lattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
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Armentano A, Summa S, Magro SL, D'Antini P, Palermo C, Muscarella M. Core-Shell in Liquid Chromatography: Application for Determining Sulphonamides in Feed and Meat Using Conventional Chromatographic Systems. Ital J Food Saf 2016; 5:6166. [PMID: 28217560 PMCID: PMC5225825 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2016.6166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A C18 column packed with core-shell particles was used for the chromatographic separation of sulphonamides in feed and meat by a conventional high performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector. Two analytical methods, already used in our laboratory, have been modified without any changes in the extraction and clean-up steps and in the liquid chromatography instrumentation. Chromatographic conditions applied on a traditional 5-µm column have been optimized on a column packed with 2.6 µm core-shell particles. A binary mobile phase [acetate buffer solution at pH 4.50 and a mixture of methanol acetonitrile 50: 50 (v/v)] was employed in gradient mode at the flow rate of 1.2 mL with an injection volume of 6 µL. These chromatographic conditions allow the separation of 13 sulphonamides with an entire run of 13 minutes. Preliminary studies have been carried out comparing blanks and spiked samples of feed and meat. A good resolution and the absence of interferences were achieved in chromatograms for both matrices. Since no change was made to the sample preparation, the optimized method does not require a complete revalidation and can be used to make routine analysis faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armentano
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Complex Structure of Chemistry, Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Summa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Complex Structure of Chemistry, Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
| | - Sonia Lo Magro
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Complex Structure of Chemistry, Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale D'Antini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Complex Structure of Chemistry, Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmen Palermo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Marilena Muscarella
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Complex Structure of Chemistry, Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Apulia and Basilicata , Foggia, Italy
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Muscarella M, Iammarino M, Centonze D, Palermo C. Measurement of Histamine in Seafood by HPLC, CE, and ELISA: Comparison of Three Techniques. Vet Res Commun 2015; 29 Suppl 2:343-6. [PMID: 16244990 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Muscarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy.
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Natale A, Nardiello D, Palermo C, Muscarella M, Quinto M, Centonze D. Development of an analytical method for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in vegetable origin samples by liquid chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection at a glassy carbon electrode. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1420:66-73. [PMID: 26456515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate method for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in artichoke bract extracts and olive mill wastewaters by liquid chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection at a glassy carbon working electrode was developed. Preliminary experiments were carried out by cyclic voltammetry to investigate the electrochemical behavior of polyphenols under different mobile phase compositions, and to test the detection and cleaning electrode potentials. Chromatographic separations were performed by using a core-shell C18 column, eluted with acetic acid and acetonitrile, by combined concave-linear binary gradients. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a good column efficiency and peak symmetry were observed, also for stereo and positional isomeric compounds. The developed three-step potential waveform for pulsed amperometric detection was successfully applied for the sensitive chromatographic determination of polyphenols in artichoke extracts and olive mill wastewaters. Linearity, precision and sensitivity of the proposed method have been evaluated. A wide linear range of response (up to 20 mg/L) has been obtained for all the investigated compounds. Detection and quantification limits in the vegetable origin sample extracts were in the range 0.004-0.6 mg/L and 0.01-2mg/L, respectively, while the injection-to-injection repeatability (n=6) ranged from 5 to 13%. The obtained results confirmed the excellent sensitivity of the electrochemical detection, and its suitability for the determination of electroactive polyphenolic compounds at low concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente and CSRA - Centro Servizi di Ricerca Applicata, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente and CSRA - Centro Servizi di Ricerca Applicata, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Carmen Palermo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente and CSRA - Centro Servizi di Ricerca Applicata, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marilena Muscarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente and CSRA - Centro Servizi di Ricerca Applicata, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente and CSRA - Centro Servizi di Ricerca Applicata, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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Nardiello D, Magro S, Iammarino M, Palermo C, Muscarella M, Centonze D. Recent Advances in the Post-Column Derivatization for the Determination of Mycotoxins in Food Products and Feed Materials by Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection. CURR ANAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411010999131219102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Muscarella M, Lo Magro S, Campaniello M, Armentano A, Stacchini P. Survey of histamine levels in fresh fish and fish products collected in Puglia (Italy) by ELISA and HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Palermo C, Muscarella M, Nardiello D, Iammarino M, Centonze D. A multiresidual method based on ion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection for the determination of biogenic amines in food and beverages. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1015-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muscarella M, Iammarino M, Nardiello D, Palermo C, Centonze D. Determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol by liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection with on-line chemical post-column derivatization. Talanta 2012; 97:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Armentano A, Iammarino M, Lo Magro S, Muscarella M. Validation and application of multi-residue analysis of eight anticoagulant rodenticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:307-11. [PMID: 22379046 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711433354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning of domestic animals is frequently caused by anticoagulant rodenticides. Validation and applications of a rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 8 anticoagulant rodenticides (bromadiolone, brodifacoum, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and warfarin) in baits and animal livers using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection are reported herein. The methodology was validated by an in-house validation model at 2.5 mg/kg, which is the level commonly found in the tissues of poisoned domestic animals. The 8 anticoagulants can be determined at the concentration range of 1.25-100 mg/kg with determination coefficients higher than 0.992. A recovery value from 70% to 109% was observed for all the studied molecules. The results of the validation process demonstrate suitability for application in official analysis and for monitoring purposes of animal poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armentano
- Struttura Complessa, Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
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Iammarino M, Di Taranto A, Palermo C, Muscarella M. Survey of benzoic acid in cheeses: contribution to the estimation of an admissible maximum limit. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 2011; 4:231-7. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2011.620355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Muscarella M, Magro SL, Palermo C, Centonze D. A confirmatory method for aflatoxin M₁ determination in milk based on immunoaffinity cleanup and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 739:195-202. [PMID: 21567329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-102-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable analytical method based on immunoaffinity chromatography cleanup followed by HPLC separation and fluorimetric detection is described for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin M(1) in milk. The chromatographic separation is accomplished by using a C18 column and a gradient elution with methanol, acetonitrile, and water. No extraction solvent process is required and a minimal milk sample cleanup is performed by a direct loading of the immunoaffinity columns and elution with methanol. The method has been successfully validated according to Decision EC No 657/2002 by using the conventional validation approach. The results of the validation process demonstrate the agreement of the method with the provisions of Regulation EC No 401/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Muscarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali, Chimica e Difesa Vegetale and BIOAGROMED, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Magro SL, Campaniello M, Nardiello D, Muscarella M. Assessment of Fumonisins B1 and B2 Levels in Commercial Maize-Based Food Products by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorimetric Detection and Postcolumn Chemical Derivatization. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T1-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muscarella M, Iammarino M, Nardiello D, Magro SL, Palermo C, Centonze D. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ in foods and feed materials. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 739:203-210. [PMID: 21567330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-102-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with on-line post-column photochemical derivatization and fluorimetric detection for the simultaneous separation and quantitative determination of aflatoxin (AF) B(1), B(2), G(1), and G(2) in foodstuffs and feed materials is reported.The chromatographic separation is accomplished by using a C(18) column eluted with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water, methanol, and acetonitrile. The sample preparation requires a simple extraction of aflatoxins with a mixture of water and methanol, and a purification step by immunoaffinity column clean-up. The total analysis time, including sample preparation and chromatographic separation, does not exceed 40 min with a run time of 10 min. The procedure for the determination of aflatoxins in food samples and cereals for animal consumption has been extensively validated, in agreement with Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004, demonstrating the conformity of the method with provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006 in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Muscarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali, Chimica e Difesa Vegetale and BIOAGROMED, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Muscarella M, Magro SL, Nardiello D, Palermo C, Centonze D. Determination of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in maize food products by a new analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection with post-column derivatization. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 739:187-194. [PMID: 21567328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-102-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective analytical method for the quantitative determination of fumonisins B(1) (FB(1)) and B(2) (FB(2)) in maize-based foods for direct human consumption is described. The method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, presents a rapid and automated online post-column derivatization, performed with o-phthalaldehyde and N,N-dimethyl-2-mercaptoethylamine (Thiofluor™). A complete separation of fumonisins is achieved in less than 13 min by using a C18 column and a gradient elution. Fumonisins are extracted from the sample with a mixture of water, acetonitrile, and methanol. The filtered extract is purified by immunoaffinity column and FB(1) and FB(2) are eluted with methanol. The method has been successfully validated, and performances comply with -criteria of the Regulation EC No 401/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Muscarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali, Chimica e Difesa Vegetale and BIOAGROMED, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Marino R, Iammarino M, Santillo A, Muscarella M, Caroprese M, Albenzio M. Technical note: Rapid method for determination of amino acids in milk. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2367-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Muscarella M, Iammarino M, Nardiello D, Lo Magro S, Palermo C, Centonze D, Palermo D. Validation of a confirmatory analytical method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1and G2in foods and feed materials by HPLC with on-line photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:1402-10. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Awong-Taylor J, Craven KS, Griffiths L, Bass C, Muscarella M. Comparison of biochemical and molecular methods for the identification of bacterial isolates associated with failed loggerhead sea turtle eggs. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1244-51. [PMID: 18028359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Comparison of biochemical vs molecular methods for identification of microbial populations associated with failed loggerhead turtle eggs. METHODS AND RESULTS Two biochemical (API and Microgen) and one molecular methods (16s rRNA analysis) were compared in the areas of cost, identification, corroboration of data with other methods, ease of use, resources and software. The molecular method was costly and identified only 66% of the isolates tested compared with 74% for API. A 74% discrepancy in identifications occurred between API and 16s rRNA analysis. The two biochemical methods were comparable in cost, but Microgen was easier to use and yielded the lowest discrepancy among identifications (29%) when compared with both API 20 enteric (API 20E) and API 20 nonenteric (API 20NE) combined. A comparison of API 20E and API 20NE indicated an 83% discrepancy between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS The Microgen identification system appears to be better suited than API or 16s rRNA analysis for identification of environmental isolates associated with failed loggerhead eggs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Most identification methods are not intended for use with environmental isolates. A comparison of identification systems would provide better options for identifying environmental bacteria for ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Awong-Taylor
- Department of Biology, Armstrong Atlantic State University, Savannah, GA, USA.
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Muscarella M, Lo Magro S, Palermo C, Centonze D. Validation according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC of a confirmatory method for aflatoxin M1 in milk based on immunoaffinity columns and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 594:257-64. [PMID: 17586123 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection for the determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk has been optimized and validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC by using the conventional validation approach. The procedure for determining selectivity, recovery, precision, decision limit (CC(alpha)), detection capability (CC(beta)) and ruggedness of the method has been reported. The results of the validation process demonstrate the agreement of the method with the provisions of Commission Regulation 401/2006/EC. The mean recovery calculated at three levels of fortification (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5-fold the MRL) was 91% and the maximum relative standard deviation value for the within-laboratory reproducibility was 15%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were 0.006 microg kg(-1) and 0.015 microg kg(-1) while the CC(alpha) and CC(beta) values were 0.058 microg kg(-1) and 0.065 microg kg(-1), respectively. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty of the method was 7%. The method was not affected by slight variations of some critical factors (ruggedness minor changes) as pre-treatment and clean-up of milk samples, thermal treatment and different storage conditions, as well as by major changes valued in terms of milk produced by different species (buffalo, goat and sheep). The method allowed accurate confirmation analyses of milk samples, resulted positive by the screening method. In fact, the Z-score values attained in a proficiency test round were well below the reference value of 1, proving the excellent laboratory performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Muscarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muscarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Barron CN, Murchison TE, Rubin LF, Rubin ML, Herron W, Muscarella M, Birkhead H. Chlorpromazine and the eye of the dog. VI. A comparison of phenothiazine tranquilizers. Exp Mol Pathol 1972; 16:172-9. [PMID: 5062562 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(72)90032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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