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Oikonomidou O, Evgenidis S, Argyropoulos C, Zabulis X, Karamaoynas P, Raza MQ, Sebilleau J, Ronshin F, Chinaud M, Garivalis AI, Kostoglou M, Sielaff A, Schinnerl M, Stephan P, Colin C, Tadrist L, Kabov O, Di Marco P, Karapantsios T. Bubble growth analysis during subcooled boiling experiments on-board the international space station: Benchmark image analysis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102751. [PMID: 36027672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work compares four different image processing algorithms for the analysis of image data obtained during the Multiscale Boiling Experiment of ESA, executed on-board the International Space Station. Two separate experimental campaigns have been performed in 2019 and 2020, aiming to investigate boiling phenomena in microgravity, with and without the presence of shear flow and electric field. A heated substrate, at the bottom of the test cell, creates a temperature profile across the liquid bulk above it. A laser beam hits a designated microcavity at the middle of the substrate, to initiate nucleation of a single, isolated bubble. In the presence of shear flow or electric field forces, the bubble slides or detaches respectively, leaving the cavity free for the nucleation and growth of a new bubble. The growth of such a bubble within the prescribed temperature profile is studied for varying experimental conditions (i.e. pressure, heat flux, subcooling temperature) by capturing high speed, black and white video images. The presence of light reflections at random locations around the bubble contour vary with bubble size and population. This, combined with the refraction induced optical distortion of vertical image dimension close to the heater, make the accurate detection of bubbles contour a real challenge. Four research teams, namely the University of Pisa (UNIPI), the Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), the joint group of Aix Marseille University (AMU) and Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics (IT), and the joined group of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Technical University of Darmstadt (TUD) and Foundation of Research and Technology in Crete (FORTH), developed separate specialized algorithms to: a) detect bubble edges and b) use these edges to calculate basic bubble geometrical features, such as contact line diameter, bubble diameter and contact angles. These four different approaches diverge in complexity and concept. In the absence of reference measurements at microgravity conditions, measurements efficiency is evaluated based on the comparison of the estimated bubble geometrical features along with pertinent physical arguments. Results show that the efficiency of each approach varies with the nature of measurement. The studied benchmark dataset is published allowing other research groups to test further their own image processing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oikonomidou
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Evgenidis
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Argyropoulos
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - X Zabulis
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, N. Plastira 100 Vassilika Vouton, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Karamaoynas
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, N. Plastira 100 Vassilika Vouton, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - M Q Raza
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5502, CNRS-INPT-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - J Sebilleau
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5502, CNRS-INPT-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Ronshin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire IUSTI, UMR 7343, 13453 Marseille, France; Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Lavrentyev Prospekt, 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M Chinaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire IUSTI, UMR 7343, 13453 Marseille, France
| | - A I Garivalis
- DESTEC, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Kostoglou
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Sielaff
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Schinnerl
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Stephan
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Colin
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5502, CNRS-INPT-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - L Tadrist
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire IUSTI, UMR 7343, 13453 Marseille, France
| | - O Kabov
- Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Lavrentyev Prospekt, 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - P Di Marco
- DESTEC, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - T Karapantsios
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University, University Box 116, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Tsibulak I, Reiser E, Bogner G, Petru E, Hell-Teutsch J, Reinthaller A, Weirather C, Weiss T, Bozsa S, Puschacher B, Hall M, Hittler D, Hrauda K, Thell E, Clauss S, Pozniak J, Alicke S, Gangl D, Gamperl G, Ebner C, Knoll K, Leitner K, Schilcher A, Schinnerl M, Sigl V, Singer C, Aigmüller T, Hofstätter B, Marth C. Decrease in gynecological cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Austrian perspective. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1667-1671. [PMID: 33033166 PMCID: PMC7656153 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On March 16, 2020, the federal government of Austria declared a nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the lockdown, screening examinations and routine checkups have been restricted to prevent the spread of the virus and to increase the hospitals’ bed capacity across the country. This resulted in a severe decline of patient referrals to the hospitals. Objective To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of newly diagnosed gynecological and breast cancers in Austria. Methods Data of 2077 patients from 18 centers in Austria with newly diagnosed gynecological or breast cancer between January and May 2019 and January and May 2020 were collected. Clinical parameters, including symptoms, performance status, co-morbidities, and referral status, were compared between the time before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Results Our results showed a slight increase of newly diagnosed cancers in January and February 2020 as compared with 2019 (+2 and +35%, respectively) and a strong decline in newly diagnosed tumors since the lockdown: −24% in March 2020 versus March 2019, −49% in April 2020 versus April 2019, −49% in May 2020 versus May 2019. Two-thirds of patients diagnosed during the pandemic presented with tumor-specific symptoms compared with less than 50% before the pandemic (p<0.001). Moreover, almost 50% of patients in 2020 had no co-morbidities compared with 35% in 2019 (p<0.001). Patients, who already had a malignant disease, were rarely diagnosed with a new cancer in 2020 as compared with 2019 (11% vs 6%; p<0.001). Conclusions The lockdown led to a decreased number of newly diagnosed gynecological and breast cancers. The decreased accessibility of the medical services and postponed diagnosis of potentially curable cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a step backwards in our healthcare system and might impair cancer treatment outcomes. Therefore, new strategies to manage early cancer detection are needed to optimize cancer care in a time of pandemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsibulak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Reiser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Gerhard Bogner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Edgar Petru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Johanna Hell-Teutsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Alexander Reinthaller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Weirather
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leoben Regional Hospital, Leoben, Styria, Austria
| | - Tatjana Weiss
- Gynecological Cancer Center, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Szabolcs Bozsa
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital St. John of God, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Puschacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Ried im Innkreis, Ried im Innkreis, Austria
| | - Mirijam Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Ottakring of the City of Vienna Hospitals Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Hittler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Lienz, Lienz, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Katharina Hrauda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Thell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The State Hospital of Mödling, Mödling, Austria
| | - Sabine Clauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Oberpullendorf, Oberpullendorf, Austria
| | - Johanna Pozniak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kufstein Regional Hospital, Kufstein, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Sebastian Alicke
- Department of General Surgery, Kufstein Regional Hospital, Kufstein, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Daniela Gangl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Hospital Amstetten, Amstetten, Lower Austria, Austria
| | - Gottfried Gamperl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainburg State Hospital, Hainburg an der Donau, Lower Austria, Austria
| | - Christoph Ebner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Katharina Knoll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Katharina Leitner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Andrea Schilcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marina Schinnerl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Verena Sigl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Christian Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Aigmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leoben Regional Hospital, Leoben, Styria, Austria
| | - Birgit Hofstätter
- Gynecological Cancer Center, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Shawrav MM, Taus P, Wanzenboeck HD, Schinnerl M, Stöger-Pollach M, Schwarz S, Steiger-Thirsfeld A, Bertagnolli E. Highly conductive and pure gold nanostructures grown by electron beam induced deposition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34003. [PMID: 27666531 PMCID: PMC5035929 DOI: 10.1038/srep34003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This work introduces an additive direct-write nanofabrication technique for producing extremely conductive gold nanostructures from a commercial metalorganic precursor. Gold content of 91 atomic % (at. %) was achieved by using water as an oxidative enhancer during direct-write deposition. A model was developed based on the deposition rate and the chemical composition, and it explains the surface processes that lead to the increases in gold purity and deposition yield. Co-injection of an oxidative enhancer enabled Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID)—a maskless, resistless deposition method for three dimensional (3D) nanostructures—to directly yield pure gold in a single process step, without post-deposition purification. Gold nanowires displayed resistivity down to 8.8 μΩ cm. This is the highest conductivity achieved so far from FEBID and it opens the possibility of applications in nanoelectronics, such as direct-write contacts to nanomaterials. The increased gold deposition yield and the ultralow carbon level will facilitate future applications such as the fabrication of 3D nanostructures in nanoplasmonics and biomolecule immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Shawrav
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Philipp Taus
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Heinz D Wanzenboeck
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - M Schinnerl
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - M Stöger-Pollach
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscope (USTEM), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - S Schwarz
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscope (USTEM), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - A Steiger-Thirsfeld
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscope (USTEM), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Emmerich Bertagnolli
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
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Lee MR, Raguse TL, Schinnerl M, Pomerantz WC, Wang X, Wipf P, Gellman SH. Origins of the high 14-helix propensity of cyclohexyl-rigidified residues in beta-peptides. Org Lett 2007; 9:1801-4. [PMID: 17394351 DOI: 10.1021/ol070511r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] beta-Peptides containing residues derived from trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC) display high population of 14-helical secondary structure in aqueous solution. We show that hydrophobic interactions between cyclohexyl rings are not responsible for this conformation-promoting effect, and that polar groups may be attached to the cyclohexyl ring without diminishing the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Schinnerl M, Böhm C, Seitz M, Reiser O. New bis(oxazoline) ligands with secondary binding sites for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of furans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schinnerl M, Murray J, Langenhan J, Gellman S. Asymmetric Synthesis of a New Helix-Forming β-Amino Acid: trans-4-Aminopiperidine-3-carboxylic Acid. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200390112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schinnerl M, Seitz M, Kaiser A, Reiser O. New Applications of Bis(oxazoline) Ligands in Catalysis: Asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4- Addition of ZnR2 to Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ol025529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schinnerl M, Seitz M, Kaiser A, Reiser O. New applications of bis(oxazoline) ligands in catalysis: asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4-addition of ZnR(2) to carbonyl compounds. Org Lett 2001; 3:4259-62. [PMID: 11784192 DOI: 10.1021/ol016925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective addition of ZnR(2) to aldehydes (1,2) and cyclic enones (1,4) was accomplished using bis(oxazolines) as chiral ligands. The requirement for hydroxymethylene side chains in the ligands strongly suggests that bimetallic catalysts are decisive for high enantiocontrol in these additions. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schinnerl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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