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Selmani A, Siboulet B, Špadina M, Foucaud Y, Dražić G, Radatović B, Korade K, Nemet I, Kovačević D, Dufrêche JF, Bohinc K. Cation Adsorption in TiO 2 Nanotubes: Implication for Water Decontamination. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:12711-12725. [PMID: 37533543 PMCID: PMC10391741 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotubes constitute very promising nanomaterials for water decontamination by the removal of cations. We combined a range of experimental techniques from structural analyses to measurements of the properties of aqueous suspensions of nanotubes, with (i) continuous solvent modeling and (ii) quantum DFT-based simulations to assess the adsorption of Cs+ on TiO2 nanotubes and to predict the separation of metal ions. The methodology is set to be operable under realistic conditions, which, in this case, include the presence of CO2 that needs to be treated as a substantial contaminant, both in experiments and in models. The mesoscopic model, based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and surface adsorption equilibrium, predicts that H+ ions are the charge-determining species, while Cs+ ions are in the diffuse layer of the outer surface with a significant contribution only at high concentrations and high pH. The effect of the size of nanotubes in terms of the polydispersity and the distribution of the inner and outer radii is shown to be a third-order effect that is very small when the nanotube layer is not very thick (ranging from 1 to 2 nm). Besides, DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that, for protonation, the one-site and successive association assumption is correct, while, for Cs+ adsorption, the size of the cation is important and the adsorption sites should be carefully defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiđa Selmani
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička
Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Pharmaceutical
Technology & Biopharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bertrand Siboulet
- ICSM,
Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France
| | - Mario Špadina
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička
Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yann Foucaud
- ICSM,
Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France
| | - Goran Dražić
- Laboratory
for Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Karla Korade
- Faculty of
Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Nemet
- Faculty of
Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Kovačević
- Faculty of
Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Bohinc K, Špadina M, Reščič J, Shimokawa N, Spada S. Influence of Charge Lipid Head Group Structures on Electric Double Layer Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:448-460. [PMID: 34937343 PMCID: PMC8757465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In this study we
derived a model for a multicomponent lipid monolayer
in contact with an aqueous solution by means of a generalized classical
density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Some of the
important biological lipid systems were studied as monolayers composed
of head groups with different shapes and charge distributions. Starting
from the free energy of the system, which includes the electrostatic
interactions, additional internal degrees of freedom are included
as positional and orientational entropic contributions to the free
energy functional. The calculus of variation was used to derive Euler–Lagrange
equations, which were solved numerically by the finite element method.
The theory and Monte Carlo simulations predict that there are mainly
two distinct regions of the electric double layer: (1) the interfacial
region, with thickness less than or equal to the length of the fully
stretched conformation of the lipid head group, and (2) the outside
region, which follows the usual screening of the interface. In the
interfacial region, the electric double layer is strongly perturbed,
and electrostatic profiles and ion distributions have functionality
distinct to classical mean-field theories. Based purely on Coulomb
interactions, the theory suggests that the dominant effect on the
lipid head group conformation is from the charge density of the interface
and the structured lipid mole fraction in the monolayer, rather than
the salt concentration in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mario Špadina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Reščič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Naofumi Shimokawa
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Simone Spada
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, 34010 Trieste, Italy
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3
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Abstract
The phase transfer of ions is driven by gradients of chemical potentials rather than concentrations alone (i.e., by both the molecular forces and entropy). Extraction is a combination of high-energy interactions that correspond to short-range forces in the first solvation shell such as ion pairing or complexation forces, with supramolecular and nanoscale organization. While the latter are similar to the long-range solvent-averaged interactions in the colloidal world, in solvent extraction they are associated with lower characteristic lengths of the nanometric domain. Modeling of such complex systems is especially complicated because the two domains are coupled, whereas the resulting free energy of extraction is around kBT to guarantee the reversibility of the practical process. Nevertheless, quantification is possible by considering a partitioning of space among the polar cores, interfacial film, and solvent. The resulting free energy of transfer can be rationalized by utilizing a combination of terms which represent strong complexation energies, counterbalanced by various entropic effects and the confinement of polar solutes in nanodomains dispersed in the diluent, together with interfacial extractant terms. We describe here this ienaics approach in the context of solvent extraction systems; it can also be applied to further complex ionic systems, such as membranes and biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Stjepan Marčelja
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Université Montpellier, Marcoule, France
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Marion S, Vučemilović-Alagić N, Špadina M, Radenović A, Smith AS. From Water Solutions to Ionic Liquids with Solid State Nanopores as a Perspective to Study Transport and Translocation Phenomena. Small 2021; 17:e2100777. [PMID: 33955694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid state nanopores are single-molecular devices governed by nanoscale physics with a broad potential for technological applications. However, the control of translocation speed in these systems is still limited. Ionic liquids are molten salts which are commonly used as alternate solvents enabling the regulation of the chemical and physical interactions on solid-liquid interfaces. While their combination can be challenging to the understanding of nanoscopic processes, there has been limited attempts on bringing these two together. While summarizing the state of the art and open questions in these fields, several major advances are presented with a perspective on the next steps in the investigations of ionic-liquid filled nanopores, both from a theoretical and experimental standpoint. By analogy to aqueous solutions, it is argued that ionic liquids and nanopores can be combined to provide new nanofluidic functionalities, as well as to help resolve some of the pertinent problems in understanding transport phenomena in confined ionic liquids and providing better control of the speed of translocating analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Marion
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nataša Vučemilović-Alagić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- PULS Group, Physics Department, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Špadina
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Radenović
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- PULS Group, Physics Department, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Špadina M, Dourdain S, Rey J, Bohinc K, Pellet-Rostaing S, Dufrêche JF, Zemb T. How acidity rules synergism and antagonism in liquid–liquid extraction by lipophilic extractants—Part II: application of the ienaic modelling. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1899614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Špadina
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Dourdain
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - J. Rey
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - K. Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - T. Zemb
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
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Dourdain S, Špadina M, Rey J, Bohinc K, Pellet-Rostaing S, Dufrêche JF, Zemb T. How Acidity Rules Synergism and Antagonism in Liquid–Liquid Extraction by Lipophilic Extractants—Part I: Determination of Nanostructures and Free Energies of Transfer. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1899606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dourdain
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - M. Špadina
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J. Rey
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - K. Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - T. Zemb
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
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7
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Bibulić P, Rončević I, Špadina M, Biljan I, Vančik H. Isothermal and Isoconversional Modeling of Solid-State Nitroso Polymerization. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10726-10735. [PMID: 33305959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state formation of azodioxide polymers from aromatic dinitroso compounds with different spacer groups was used as a model reaction for a comprehensive analysis that included bulk-based, mechanistic, and isoconversional kinetic methods. Dinitroso species were prepared in situ from azodioxides by UV cleavage under cryogenic conditions, after which their thermally induced conversion to azodioxides was followed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The obtained data were used to calculate activation parameters and determine the influence of the spacer on the kinetics. Isoconversional models suggest a distribution of activation energies, pointing to an important (topochemical) effect of the local environment on the reactivity. In general, bulk-based and isoconversional kinetic models gave poorer fits but produced mutually consistent rate parameters. Similar energies and entropies of activation were obtained with all three approaches, suggesting that they all describe the same underlying physical phenomena; that is, the polymerization by bond-making is the dominant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Bibulić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Špadina
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Biljan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoj Vančik
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Špadina M, Bohinc K. Multiscale modeling of solvent extraction and the choice of reference state: Mesoscopic modeling as a bridge between nanoscale and chemical engineering. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Abstract
In solvent extraction, the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into an organized structure is the phenomenon responsible for the transfer of the metal ion from the aqueous phase to the organic solvent. Despite their significance for chemical engineering and separation science, the forces driving the solute transfer are not fully understood. Instead of assuming the simple complexation reaction with predefined stoichiometry, we model synergistic extraction systems by a colloidal approach that explicitly takes into account the self-assembly resulting from the amphiphilic nature of the extractants. Contrary to the current paradigm of simple stoichiometry behind liquid-liquid extraction, there is a severe polydispersity of aggregates completely different in compositions, but similar in the free energy. This variety of structures on the nanoscale is responsible for the synergistic transfer of ions to the organic phase. Synergy can be understood as a reciprocal effect of chelation: it enhances extraction because it increases the configurational entropy of an extracted ion. The global overview of the complex nature of a synergistic mixture shows different regimes in self-assembly, and thus in the extraction efficiency, which can be tuned with respect to the green chemistry aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- ICSM , CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule F-30207 , France
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM , CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule F-30207 , France
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10
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Špadina M, Bohinc K, Zemb T, Dufrêche JF. Colloidal Model for the Prediction of the Extraction of Rare Earths Assisted by the Acidic Extractant. Langmuir 2019; 35:3215-3230. [PMID: 30673246 PMCID: PMC6488188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose the statistical thermodynamic model for the prediction of the liquid-liquid extraction efficiency in the case of rare-earth metal cations using the common bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) extractant. In this soft matter-based approach, the solutes are modeled as colloids. The leading terms in free-energy representation account for: the complexation, the formation of a highly curved extractant film, lateral interactions between the different extractant head groups in the film, configurational entropy of ions and water molecules, the dimerization, and the acidity of the HDEHP extractant. We provided a full framework for the multicomponent study of extraction systems. By taking into account these different contributions, we are able to establish the relation between the extraction and general complexation at any pH in the system. This further allowed us to rationalize the well-defined optimum in the extraction engineering design. Calculations show that there are multiple extraction regimes even in the case of lanthanide/acid system only. Each of these regimes is controlled by the formation of different species in the solvent phase, ranging from multiple metal cation-filled aggregates (at the low acid concentrations in the aqueous phase), to the pure acid-filled aggregates (at the high acid concentrations in the aqueous phase). These results are contrary to a long-standing opinion that liquid-liquid extraction can be modeled with only a few species. Therefore, a traditional multiple equilibria approach is abandoned in favor of polydisperse spherical aggregate formations, which are in dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- ICSM,
CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34199 Marcoule, France
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Zemb
- ICSM,
CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34199 Marcoule, France
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11
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Špadina M, Bohinc K, Zemb T, Dufrêche JF. Multicomponent Model for the Prediction of Nuclear Waste/Rare-Earth Extraction Processes. Langmuir 2018; 34:10434-10447. [PMID: 30081639 PMCID: PMC6197759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We develop a minimal model for the prediction of solvent extraction. We consider a rare earth extraction system for which the solvent phase is similar to water-poor microemulsions. All physical molecular quantities used in the calculation can be measured separately. The model takes into account competition complexation, mixing entropy of complexed species, differences of salt concentrations between the two phases, and the surfactant nature of extractant molecules. We consider the practical case where rare earths are extracted from iron nitrates in the presence of acids with a common neutral complexing extractant. The solvent wetting of the reverse aggregates is taken into account via the spontaneous packing. All the water-in-oil reverse aggregates are supposed to be spherical on average. The minimal model captures several features observed in practice: reverse aggregates with different water and extractant content coexist dynamically with monomeric extractant molecules at and above a critical aggregate concentration (CAC). The CAC decreases upon the addition of electrolytes in the aqueous phase. The free energy of transfer of an ion to the organic phase is lower than the driving complexation. The commonly observed log-log relation used to determine the apparent stoichiometry of complexation is valid as a guideline but should be used with care. The results point to the fact that stoichiometry, as well as the probabilities of a particular aggregate, is dependent on the composition of the entire system, namely the extractant and the target solutes' concentrations. Moreover, the experimentally observed dependence of the extraction efficiency on branching of the extractant chains in a given solvent can be quantified. The evolution of the distribution coefficient of particular rare earth, acid, or other different metallic cations can be studied as a function of initial extractant concentration through the whole region that is typically used by chemical engineers. For every chemical species involved in the calculation, the model is able to predict the exact equilibrium concentration in both the aqueous and the solvent phases at a given thermodynamic temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Montpellier, CEA/CNRS, Université
de Montpellier, F-30207 Bagnols sur Ceze Cedex, France
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Montpellier, CEA/CNRS, Université
de Montpellier, F-30207 Bagnols sur Ceze Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Dufrêche
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Chimie de Montpellier, CEA/CNRS, Université
de Montpellier, F-30207 Bagnols sur Ceze Cedex, France
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12
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Špadina M, Gourdin-Bertin S, Dražić G, Selmani A, Dufrêche JF, Bohinc K. Charge Properties of TiO 2 Nanotubes in NaNO 3 Aqueous Solution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:13130-13142. [PMID: 29620855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charging of material surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions is one of the most important processes in the interactions between biomaterials and surrounding tissue. Other than a biomaterial, titania nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) represent a versatile material for numerous applications such as heavy metal adsorption or photocatalysis. In this article, the surface charge properties of titania NTs in NaNO3 solution were investigated through electrophoretic mobility and polyelectrolyte colloid titration measuring techniques. In addition, we used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging to determine the morphology of TiO2 NTs. A theoretical model based on the classical density functional theory coupled with the charge regulation method in terms of mass action law was developed to understand the experimental data and to provide insights into charge properties at different physical conditions, namely, pH and NaNO3 concentration. Two intrinsic protonation constants and surface site density have been obtained. The electrostatic properties of the system in terms of electrostatic potentials and ion distributions were calculated and discussed for various pH values. The model can quantitatively describe the titration curve as a function of pH for higher bulk salt concentrations and the difference in the equilibrium amount of charges between the inner and outer surfaces of TiO2 NTs. Calculated counterion (NO3-) distributions show a pronounced decrease of NO3- ions for high bulk pH (both inside and outside TiO2 NT) because of the strong electric field. With the decrease of bulk pH or the increase of the salt concentration, NO3- is able to accumulate near the TiO2 NTs surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Špadina
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), UMR 5257, CEA, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze , France
| | - Simon Gourdin-Bertin
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), UMR 5257, CEA, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze , France
| | - Goran Dražić
- Laboratory for Materials Chemistry , National Institute of Chemistry , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Atiđa Selmani
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Boškovic Institute , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jean-François Dufrêche
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), UMR 5257, CEA, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze , France
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Zdravstvena 5 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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