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Sekhon H, Dickinson RA, Kimball JE, Cray HV, Alkhatib F, Preston A, Moore I, Trueba-Yepez AF, Fahed M, Vahia IV. Safety Considerations in the Use of Extended Reality Technologies for Mental Health with Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:648-651. [PMID: 38246832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Harmehr Sekhon
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Centre for addictions and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto Affiliated Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - A'mie Preston
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Eugene J Towbin Healthcare Center (AP, IM), North Little Rock, AR
| | - Ian Moore
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Eugene J Towbin Healthcare Center (AP, IM), North Little Rock, AR
| | - Ana F Trueba-Yepez
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Fahed
- University of Connecticut Health Care (MF), Farmington, CT
| | - Ipsit V Vahia
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Department of Psychiatry (IVV), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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2
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Khasnavis S, Lane CE, Mecca AP, Fahed M. A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Curriculum to Prepare Geriatric Psychiatry and Geriatric Medicine Fellows in the Assessment of Neurocognitive Decline. Acad Psychiatry 2023; 47:69-73. [PMID: 35608779 PMCID: PMC9128634 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-022-01653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chadrick E Lane
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam P Mecca
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Fahed
- University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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3
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Steffens DC, Fahed M, Manning KJ, Wang L. The neurobiology of apathy in depression and neurocognitive impairment in older adults: a review of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological research. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:525. [PMID: 36572691 PMCID: PMC9792580 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a common condition that involves diminished initiative, diminished interest and diminished emotional expression or responsiveness. It is highly prevalent in the context of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and is related to poor health outcomes. Presence of apathy is associated with cognitive and functional decline in dementia. Despite its negative impact on health, there is no definitive treatment for apathy, a clinical reality that may be due in part to lack of knowledge about assessment, neuropsychological features and neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we review and synthesize evidence from clinical, epidemiological, neuropsychological, peripheral biomarker and neuroimaging research. Apathy is a common feature of depression and cognitive disorders and is associated with impairment in executive function. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies point to dysfunction of brain circuitry involving the prefrontal cortex, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex circuit, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex circuit, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex circuit. However, inconsistent findings, particularly in neuroimaging may be due to heterogeneity of apathy symptoms (with a need to better elucidate subtypes), neuropsychiatric comorbidities, the severity of cognitive impairment and other factors. These factors need to be accounted for in future studies so that biomarker research can make progress. On the whole, the literature on apathy has identified likely neurocognitive, peripheral biomarker and neuroimaging targets for understanding apathy, but also points to the need to address methodological issues that will better inform future studies. In turn, as we learn more about the underpinning of apathy and its subtypes, subsequent research can focus on new neurally based interventions that will strengthen the clinical management of apathy in the context of its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Steffens
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Mario Fahed
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Kevin J. Manning
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- grid.208078.50000000419370394Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
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4
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Fahed M, McManus K, Vahia IV, Offodile AC. Digital Phenotyping of Behavioral Symptoms as the Next Frontier for Personalized and Proactive Cancer Care. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022; 6:e2200095. [DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fahed
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kaitlin McManus
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Ipsit V. Vahia
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anaeze C. Offodile
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Health Services Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX
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5
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Fahed M, Zdanys K. Withering away. Geriatric Psychiatry 2022:195-202. [DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197521670.003.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Failure to thrive (FTT) is a multifactorial geriatric syndrome characterized by weight loss, decreased appetite, poor nutrition, dehydration, depressive symptoms, inactivity, impaired immune function and low cholesterol. Three fundamental components whose interaction results in FTT include frailty, disability, and neuropsychiatric impairment. The relationship of FTT and depression may be bidirectional, and comorbid dementia is common. The work-up of FTT should consider factors such as medical illness, hypoactive delirium, neurocognitive disorder, and psychosocial stressors in addition to depression. Much of the medical work-up will look for factors that could be causing weight loss, including issues relating to dentition, chewing, swallowing, nutrition and underlying malignancy. Treatment of depression may improve FTT, and antidepressants such as mirtazapine as well as electroconvulsive therapy should be considered.
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6
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Fahed M, Steffens DC. Apathy: Neurobiology, Assessment and Treatment. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2021; 19:181-189. [PMID: 33888648 PMCID: PMC8077060 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is a highly prevalent, disabling and treatment resistant syndrome. It is defined as a quantitative reduction of goal- directed activity in comparison to the patient’s previous level of in multiple dimensions including behavior/cognition, emotion and social interaction. It has been described in major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s Disease, cerebrovascular disease, and vascular dementia, among others. This review will address the neuropsychology and associated neurobiological underpinnings of apathy in the above conditions, identify specific methods to assess apathy clinically, and review the literature on managing apathy across these various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fahed
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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7
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Fahed M, Ramanathan S. Psychoses of Epilepsy in Pregnancy: A Case Report. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2021; 19:388-390. [PMID: 33888667 PMCID: PMC8077056 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To discuss the unique relationship between psychosis and seizures in a young individual, who is also pregnant. Psychosis of epilepsy can present in multitude of ways, including pre-ictal, ictal, post-ictal, chronic interictal, and forced normalization psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fahed
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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8
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Fahed M, Barron GC, Steffens DC. Ethical and Logistical Considerations of Caring for Older Adults on Inpatient Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:829-834. [PMID: 32409192 PMCID: PMC7198992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to delivery of care for older adults on inpatient psychiatry. We describe two cases: patient A, a 62-year-old woman who initially refused screening for potential COVID-19, bringing up questions about threshold for capacity when public health is at risk and questions about whether screening for infection should be different in older adults. The other case, patient B, is that of an 83-year-old man who was on the unit when patient A tested positive, and brought up concerns for risk of dissemination in the context of wandering, spitting behaviors, and inability to adhere to room isolation or masking measures. We review measures taken to decrease risk of transmission and improve screening for infection in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fahed
- School of Medicine (MF, GCB, DCS), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.
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9
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Fahed M, Desplanque L, Troadec D, Patriarche G, Wallart X. Selective area heteroepitaxy of GaSb on GaAs (001) for in-plane InAs nanowire achievement. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:505301. [PMID: 27861165 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/50/505301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of in-plane GaSb nanotemplates on a GaAs (001) substrate is demonstrated combining nanoscale patterning of the substrate and selective area heteroepitaxy. The selective growth of GaSb inside nano-stripe openings in a SiO2 mask layer is achieved at low temperature thanks to the use of an atomic hydrogen flux during the molecular beam epitaxy. These growth conditions promote the spreading of GaSb inside the apertures and lattice mismatch accommodation via the formation of a regular array of misfit dislocations at the interface between GaSb and GaAs. We highlight the impact of the nano-stripe orientation as well as the role of the Sb/Ga flux ratio on the strain relaxation of GaSb along the [110] direction and on the nanowire length along the [1-10] one. Finally we demonstrate how these GaSb nanotemplates can be used as pedestals for subsequent growth of in-plane InAs nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fahed
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
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Fahed M, Desplanque L, Coinon C, Troadec D, Wallart X. Impact of P/In flux ratio and epilayer thickness on faceting for nanoscale selective area growth of InP by molecular beam epitaxy. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:295301. [PMID: 26134951 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/29/295301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the P/In flux ratio and the deposited thickness on the faceting of InP nanostructures selectively grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is reported. Homoepitaxial growth of InP is performed inside 200 nm wide stripe openings oriented either along a [110] or [1-10] azimuth in a 10 nm thick SiO2 film deposited on an InP(001) substrate. When varying the P/In flux ratio, no major shape differences are observed for [1-10]-oriented apertures. On the other hand, the InP nanostructure cross sections strongly evolve for [110]-oriented apertures for which (111)B facets are more prominent and (001) ones shrink for large P/In flux ratio values. These results show that the growth conditions allow tailoring the nanocrystal shape. They are discussed in the framework of the equilibrium crystal shape model using existing theoretical calculations of the surface energies of different low-index InP surfaces as a function of the phosphorus chemical potential, directly related to the P/In ratio. Experimental observations strongly suggest that the relative (111)A surface energy is probably smaller than the calculated value. We also discuss the evolution of the nanostructure shape with the InP-deposited thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fahed
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS and University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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11
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Maatouk I, Fahed M, Moutran R. Five cases of syphilis from an urban university hospital in Lebanon. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 25:973-4. [PMID: 25318856 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414546391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy Moutran
- Head of Dermatology Department, Mount Lebanon Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Desplanque L, Fahed M, Han X, Chinni VK, Troadec D, Chauvat MP, Ruterana P, Wallart X. Influence of nanoscale faceting on the tunneling properties of near broken gap InAs/AlGaSb heterojunctions grown by selective area epitaxy. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:465302. [PMID: 25354494 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/46/465302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the selective area molecular beam epitaxy of InAs/AlGaSb heterostructures on a GaSb (001) substrate. This method is used to realize Esaki tunnel diodes with a tunneling area down to 50 nm × 50 nm. The impact of the size reduction on the peak current density of the diode is investigated, and we show how the formation of the InAs facets can deeply affect the band-to-band tunneling properties of the heterostructure. This phenomenon is explained by the surface-dependent incorporation of Si dopant during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Desplanque
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS and University of Lille, Avenue Poincaré CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Macaron G, Fahed M, Matar D, Bou-Khalil R, Kazour F, Nehme-Chlela D, Richa S. Anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation in Lebanese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:235-8. [PMID: 24337520 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts are highly prevalent comorbidities of end-stage-renal-disease (ESRD). There are no studies in Lebanon on the prevalence of these symptoms in Lebanese end-stage-renal-disease patients. Moreover, the association between ESRD on one hand, and anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation on the other has never been established in Lebanon. Groups of patients at a high-risk of development of these symptoms are not determined. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score and M.I.N.I (module C) were used to measure the prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation in 51 patients from the dialysis center of Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital in Lebanon. In our sample, 45% of included patients suffered from symptoms of anxiety and 50% presented symptoms of depression.The prevalence of suicidal ideation as detected by the M.I.N.I. is at 37%. No patients presented with a high risk of suicide. There was a statistically significant correlation between the existence of organic comorbidities and the presence of symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. As for anxiety, the association was marginally significant. The results obtained by our study are consistent with those found in studies performed in other societies. The profile of depression- and suicidal ideation-prone patients has been determined. It consists of patients with at least one medical comorbidity to the ESRD. This, in turn, should lead to increased awareness and better treatment of these psychiatric ailments, considering their impact on morbidity and mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Macaron
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
This review focuses on suicide in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as well as risk factors and comorbidities of persons with ASD who have attempted suicide. Research was conducted by searching PubMed and Psychinfo for articles. Suicide in ASD is largely understudied. Although suicide is common in clinical samples, we have little knowledge of suicide in persons with ASD in the general population. Comorbidity, particularly with depression and other affective disorders or schizoid disorders and psychotic symptoms, is often reported, so it is difficult to determine if suicidality is associated with ASD or the comorbid disorder. Clinical samples suggest that suicide occurs more frequently in high functioning autism. Physical and sexual abuse, bullying, and changes in routine are precipitating events associated with suicide risk. Persons with ASD present risk factors inherent to their diagnosis (deficit in expression of feelings and thoughts), along with risk factors pertaining to the general population (abuse, depression, anxiety, etc.). The inability of persons with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) to express emotions and thoughts makes the diagnosis of suicidal ideation difficult and demands important adjustments to traditional psychotherapeutic interventions. More research is needed to determine the incidence of suicidal behaviors in persons with ASD, to identify risk and protective factors, as well as to assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Richa
- a Hôtel-dieu de France , Beirut , Lebanon
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