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Vanharen M, Girard D. Impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on eosinophils isolated from male and female individuals. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152762. [PMID: 38006680 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that some differences exist between the male and female immune systems. Despites this, a sex-based analysis is not frequently performed in most scientific published reports. Knowing that inflammation is a common undesired effect observed resulting from nanoparticle (NP) exposure, we investigate here how in vitro treatment of gold NPs with a primary size of 20 and 70 nm (AuNP20 and AuNP70, respectively) will alter the biology of human eosinophils isolated from men and women blood. We found that treatment of AuNP70, but not AuNP20, significantly delay apoptosis only in eosinophils isolated from women. AuNPs were found to decrease eosinophil phagocytosis, however, significance was only observed in AuNP20-induced eosinophils isolated from women. The production of IL-8 was significantly increased in response to both AuNPs but only in eosinophils isolated from men and the production of IL-1β was increased in AuNPs-induced eosinophils, although significance was observed only in AuNP70-induced eosinophils isolated from women. We conclude that future studies investigating the toxicity of AuNPs (or other NPs) should include a sex-based analysis, especially if the tested NPs have potential medical applications knowing the increased interest in the development of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vanharen
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Vanharen M, Mahbeer T, Léveillé A, Méthot A, Samountry P, Girard D. Impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in human neutrophils in vitro and in leukocytes attraction in vivo: A sex-based analysis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 104:104319. [PMID: 37984677 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Some differences exist between the male and female immune systems. Despite this, a sex-based analysis is not frequently performed in most studies. Knowing that inflammation is a common undesired effect observed resulting from nanoparticle (NP) exposure, we investigate here how gold NPs with a primary size of 20 (AuNP20) and 70 nm (AuNP70) will alter the biology of polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells (PMNs) isolated from men and women as well as their potential pro-inflammatory effect in vivo in male and female mice. We found that AuNP20 significantly delay apoptosis only in PMN isolated from men. The production of interleukin (IL)- 8 by PMNs was increased by both AuNPs regardless of sex although significance was only observed in AuNP20-induced PMNs. Using the murine air pouch model of inflammation, AuNPs did not induce a neutrophilic infiltration regardless of sex. In conclusion, AuNPs could differently alter the biology of PMNs according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vanharen
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Mahbeer
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexanne Léveillé
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Méthot
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Phonsiri Samountry
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
The free-state solution behaviors of small molecules profoundly affect their respective properties. It is becoming more obvious that compounds can adopt a three-phase equilibrium when placed in an aqueous solution, among soluble-lone molecule form, self-assembled aggregate form (nano-entities), and solid precipitate form. Recently, correlations have emerged between the existence of self-assemblies into drug nano-entities and unintended side effects. This report describes our pilot study involving a selection of drugs and dyes to explore if there may be a correlation between the existence of drug nano-entities and immune responses. We first implement practical strategies for detecting the drug self-assemblies using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal microscopy. We then used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to monitor the modulation of immune responses on two cellular models, murine macrophage and human neutrophils, upon exposure to the drugs and dyes. The results suggest that exposure to some aggregates correlated with an increase in IL-8 and TNF-α in these model systems. Given this pilot study, further correlations merit pursuing on a larger scale given the importance and potential impact of drug-induced immune-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Shahout
- Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marion Vanharen
- Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Saafane
- Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - James Gillard
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, 2950 Chem. de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
- NMX Research and Solutions, Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Québec H7V 5B7, Canada
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Saafane A, Durocher I, Vanharen M, Girard D. Impact of ultra-small silver nanoparticles of 2 nm (AgNP 2) on neutrophil biology: AgNP 2 alter the actin cytoskeleton and induce karyorrhexis by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism in vitro and transitorily attract neutrophils in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110096. [PMID: 35963315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is known as an antibacterial agent and there is a growing interest to use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a variety of medical applications and other sectors. Some studies reported that one of the undesired effects of AgNPs is inflammation and that these NPs can alter the biology of neutrophils. Since it is commonly accepted that the more NPs are small, the more toxic they are the aim of this study was to determine the impact of ultra-small silver nanoparticles of 2 nm (AgNP2) on the biology of neutrophils, key player cells in inflammation. We report that AgNP2 are potent neutrophil activators as they rapidly induce actin polymerization and dismantling the actin network. Although AgNP2 are not necrotic for neutrophils and do not induce ROS production, kinetic studies reveal that AgNP2 are rapid inducer of apoptosis. Pyknosis (mainly 1-2 large nuclear dots) was observed after only 1h of treatment followed by karyorrhexis (several small dots) and by a complete nuclear dissolution leading to anuclear neutrophils after 6h. These observations are not associated with the release of silver ions since treatment of neutrophils with 1-50 μg/ml AgNO3 (as a source of Ag+) did not induce any apparent changes. AgNP2 induce p38 and Erk-1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and although karyorrhexis was markedly reversed by MAPK inhibitors, the cell nuclei remain with a pyknotic-like phenotype but do not return to the characteristic polylobed nucleus. Using the murine air pouch model of inflammation AgNP2 were found to induce a neutrophil influx. Our data indicate that AgNP2 are potent neutrophil activators targeting the actin cytoskeleton and the mechanism involved for inducing apoptosis is rapid, complex, and partially includes MAPK pathways. Therefore, the ultra-small AgNP2 are more potent than larger ones for inducing apoptosis and they can transitorily attract neutrophils in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Saafane
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Durocher
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marion Vanharen
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Vanharen M, Durocher I, Saafane A, Girard D. Evaluating the Apoptotic Cell Death Modulatory Activity of Nanoparticles in Men and Women Neutrophils and Eosinophils. Inflammation 2021; 45:387-398. [PMID: 34536156 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important cell death mechanism for the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis rates were reported to be slightly different in men and women and to be modulated by female sex hormones. The aim of this study was to determine whether different nanoparticles (NPs) will alter the neutrophil and eosinophil apoptotic rates differently in men and women. Using the antiapoptotic cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the proapoptotic plant lectin Viscum album agglutinin-I (VAA-I) as controls, we found that these factors respectively delay and induce apoptosis in both neutrophils and eosinophils with apoptotic rates remarkably similar in both sexes. The polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 0 (G0) and G3 slightly, but not significantly, accelerate neutrophil apoptosis regardless of sex. Zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium dioxide (CeO2), and palladium (Pd) but not platinum (Pt) NPs were found to significantly delay neutrophil apoptosis. When results were compared between men and women, only ZnO and Pd NPs were found to significantly delay neutrophil apoptosis in men while ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, and Pt NPs inhibit apoptosis in women neutrophils. In eosinophils, G3, but not G0 NPs, significantly accelerate apoptosis in women. ZnO, Pt, and Pd NPs significantly delay eosinophil apoptosis but only in women. Unlike neutrophils, TiO2 and CeO2 NPs did not significantly delay eosinophil apoptosis. We propose that future studies aiming at determining potential effect NPs on cellular biological processes should incorporate a sex-based analysis based on the differences reported here studying the impact of NPs on human granulocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vanharen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation Et Physiologie Des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Durocher
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation Et Physiologie Des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Saafane
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation Et Physiologie Des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation Et Physiologie Des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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