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Javaid S, Zhang J, Smolen GA, Yu M, Wittner BS, Singh A, Arora KS, Madden MW, Desai R, Zubrowski MJ, Schott BJ, Ting DT, Stott SL, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Shioda T, Ramaswamy S, Haber DA. MAPK7 Regulates EMT Features and Modulates the Generation of CTCs. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:934-43. [PMID: 25678598 PMCID: PMC4433453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in models of tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In a search for candidate therapeutic targets to reverse this process, nontumorigenic MCF10A breast epithelial cells were infected with an arrayed lentiviral kinome shRNA library and screened for either suppression or enhancement of a 26-gene EMT RNA signature. No individual kinase gene knockdown was sufficient to induce EMT. In contrast, grouped epithelial markers were induced by knockdown of multiple kinases, including mitogen activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7). In breast cancer cells, suppression of MAPK7 increased E-cadherin (CDH1) expression and inhibited cell migration. In an orthotopic mouse model, MAPK7 suppression reduced the generation of circulating tumor cells and the appearance of lung metastases. Together, these observations raise the possibility that targeting kinases that maintain mesenchymal cell properties in cancer cells, such as MAPK7, may lessen tumor invasiveness. IMPLICATIONS Suppression of MAPK7 induces epithelial markers, reduces generation of circulating tumor cells and appearance of lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Javaid
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Gromoslaw A Smolen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Min Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Anurag Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kshitij S Arora
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Marissa W Madden
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Rushil Desai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Zubrowski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin J Schott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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Sullivan JP, Nahed BV, Madden MW, Oliveira SM, Springer S, Bhere D, Chi AS, Wakimoto H, Rothenberg SM, Sequist LV, Kapur R, Shah K, Iafrate AJ, Curry WT, Loeffler JS, Batchelor TT, Louis DN, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Brain tumor cells in circulation are enriched for mesenchymal gene expression. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1299-309. [PMID: 25139148 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer characterized by local invasion and angiogenic recruitment, yet metastatic dissemination is extremely rare. Here, we adapted a microfluidic device to deplete hematopoietic cells from blood specimens of patients with GBM, uncovering evidence of circulating brain tumor cells (CTC). Staining and scoring criteria for GBM CTCs were first established using orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and then applied clinically: CTCs were identified in at least one blood specimen from 13 of 33 patients (39%; 26 of 87 samples). Single GBM CTCs isolated from both patients and mouse PDX models demonstrated enrichment for mesenchymal over neural differentiation markers compared with primary GBMs. Within primary GBMs, RNA in situ hybridization identified a subpopulation of highly migratory mesenchymal tumor cells, and in a rare patient with disseminated GBM, systemic lesions were exclusively mesenchymal. Thus, a mesenchymal subset of GBM cells invades the vasculature and may proliferate outside the brain. SIGNIFICANCE GBMs are locally invasive within the brain but rarely metastasize to distant organs, exemplifying the debate over "seed" versus "soil." We demonstrate that GBMs shed CTCs with invasive mesenchymal characteristics into the circulation. Rare metastatic GBM lesions are primarily mesenchymal and show additional mutations absent in the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marissa W Madden
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Simeon Springer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Michael Rothenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khalid Shah
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay S Loeffler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David N Louis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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Nahed BV, Sullivan JP, Madden MW, Oliveira SM, Chi AS, Springer S, Wakimoto H, Bhere D, Shah A, Spuhler P, Batchelor T, Louis DN, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. American Brain Tumor Association Young Investigator Award 198 Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 2014. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000452472.28571.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Yu M, Bardia A, Aceto N, Bersani F, Madden MW, Donaldson MC, Desai R, Zhu H, Comaills V, Zheng Z, Wittner BS, Stojanov P, Brachtel E, Sgroi D, Kapur R, Shioda T, Ting DT, Ramaswamy S, Getz G, Iafrate AJ, Benes C, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Cancer therapy. Ex vivo culture of circulating breast tumor cells for individualized testing of drug susceptibility. Science 2014; 345:216-20. [PMID: 25013076 PMCID: PMC4358808 DOI: 10.1126/science.1253533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present at low concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors. It has been proposed that the isolation, ex vivo culture, and characterization of CTCs may provide an opportunity to noninvasively monitor the changing patterns of drug susceptibility in individual patients as their tumors acquire new mutations. In a proof-of-concept study, we established CTC cultures from six patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Three of five CTC lines tested were tumorigenic in mice. Genome sequencing of the CTC lines revealed preexisting mutations in the PIK3CA gene and newly acquired mutations in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1), PIK3CA gene, and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (FGFR2), among others. Drug sensitivity testing of CTC lines with multiple mutations revealed potential new therapeutic targets. With optimization of CTC culture conditions, this strategy may help identify the best therapies for individual cancer patients over the course of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marissa W Madden
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria C Donaldson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rushil Desai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Huili Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zongli Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elena Brachtel
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dennis Sgroi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Toshihiro Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Cyril Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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