1
|
Ruta V, Di Liberto G, Moriggi F, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Bussetti G, Barbera V, Bajada MA, Galimberti M, Pacchioni G, Vilé G. Copper Single Atoms Chelated on Ligand-Modified Carbon for Ullmann-Type C-O Coupling. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202400202. [PMID: 38350713 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the group of Gianvito Vilé at the Politecnico di Milano. The ChemSusChem cover image depicts in an artistic manner the concept of ligand entrapping of isolated metals to design single-atom catalysts. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202301529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Moriggi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruta V, Di Liberto G, Moriggi F, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Bussetti G, Barbera V, Bajada MA, Galimberti M, Pacchioni G, Vilé G. Copper Single Atoms Chelated on Ligand-Modified Carbon for Ullmann-type C-O Coupling. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301529. [PMID: 38050778 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions are of great importance in chemistry due to their ability to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules. Among these reactions, the Ullmann-type C-O coupling between phenols and aryl halides is particularly noteworthy and useful for preparing diarylethers. However, this reaction typically relies on homogeneous catalysts that rapidly deactivate under harsh reaction conditions. In this study, we introduce a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the Ullmann-type C-O coupling reaction, comprised of isolated Cu atoms chelated to a tetraethylenepentamine-pyrrole ligand that is immobilized on graphite nanoplatelets. The catalytic study reveals the recyclability of the material, and demonstrates the crucial role of the pyrrole linker in stabilizing the Cu sites. The work expands the potential of single-atom catalyst nanoarchitectures and underscores the significance of ligands in stabilizing metals in cationic forms, providing a novel, tailored catalyst for cross-coupling chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, IT-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Moriggi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, IT-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, IT-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, IT-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seif-Eddine M, Cobb SJ, Dang Y, Abdiaziz K, Bajada MA, Reisner E, Roessler MM. Operando film-electrochemical EPR spectroscopy tracks radical intermediates in surface-immobilized catalysts. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01450-y. [PMID: 38355827 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of surface-immobilized molecular redox catalysts is an emerging research field with promising applications in sustainable chemistry. In electrocatalysis, paramagnetic species are often key intermediates in the mechanistic cycle but are inherently difficult to detect and follow by conventional in situ techniques. We report a new method, operando film-electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FE-EPR), which enables mechanistic studies of surface-immobilized electrocatalysts. This technique enables radicals formed during redox reactions to be followed in real time under flow conditions, at room temperature and in aqueous solution. Detailed insight into surface-immobilized catalysts, as exemplified here through alcohol oxidation catalysis by a surface-immobilized nitroxide, is possible by detecting active-site paramagnetic species sensitively and quantitatively operando, thereby enabling resolution of the reaction kinetics. Our finding that the surface electron-transfer rate, which is of the same order of magnitude as the rate of catalysis (accessible from operando FE-EPR), limits catalytic efficiency has implications for the future design of better surface-immobilized catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seif-Eddine
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel J Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunfei Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maxie M Roessler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saptal VB, Ruta V, Bajada MA, Vilé G. Single-Atom Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219306. [PMID: 36918356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts hold the potential to significantly impact the chemical sector, pushing the boundaries of catalysis in new, uncharted directions. These materials, featuring isolated metal species ligated on solid supports, can exist in many coordination environments, all of which have shown important functions in specific transformations. Their emergence has also provided exciting opportunities for mimicking metalloenzymes and bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This Review outlines the impressive progress made in recent years regarding the use of single-atom catalysts in organic synthesis. We also illustrate potential knowledge gaps in the search for more sustainable, earth-abundant single-atom catalysts for synthetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B Saptal
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sivo A, Ruta V, Granata V, Savateev O, Bajada MA, Vilé G. Nanostructured Carbon Nitride for Continuous-Flow Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)arenes. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:5284-5292. [PMID: 37034497 PMCID: PMC10074389 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic methods for the trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes are of particular importance in organic and pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, many existing protocols rely on toxic reagents and expensive or sterically hindered homogeneous catalysts. One promising alternative to conduct this transformation involves the use of carbon nitride, a non-toxic photocatalyst prepared from inexpensive precursors. Nonetheless, there is still little understanding regarding the interplay between physicochemical features of this photocatalyst and the corresponding effects on the reaction rate. In this work, we elucidate the role of carbon nitride nanostructuring on the catalytic performance, understanding the effect of surface area and band gap tuning via metal insertion. Our findings provide new insights into the structure-function relationships of the catalyst, which we exploit to design a continuous-flow process that maximizes catalyst-light interaction, facilitates catalyst reusability, and enables intensified reaction scale-up. This is particularly significant given that photocatalyzed batch protocols often face challenges during industrial exploitation. Finally, we extrapolate the rapid and simplified continuous-flow method to the synthesis of a variety of functionalized heteroaromatics, which have numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sivo
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vittoria Granata
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, DE-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark A. Bajada
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saptal VB, Ruta V, Bajada MA, Vilé G. Single‐Atom Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202219306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Politecnico di Milano Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milan ITALY
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Politecnico di Milano Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milan ITALY
| | - Mark A. Bajada
- Politecnico di Milano Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milan ITALY
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Politecnico di Milano Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruta V, Sivo A, Bonetti L, Bajada MA, Vilé G. Structural Effects of Metal Single-Atom Catalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Gemfibrozil. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:14520-14528. [PMID: 36338323 PMCID: PMC9623544 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient catalysts is a highly necessary but challenging task within the field of environmental water remediation. Single-atom catalysts are promising nanomaterials within this respect, but in-depth studies encompassing this class of catalysts remain elusive. In this work, we systematically study the degradation of gemfibrozil, a persistent pollutant, on a series of carbon nitride photocatalysts, investigating both the effect of (i) catalyst textural properties and (ii) metal single atoms on the contaminant degradation. Tests in the absence of the catalyst result in negligible degradation rates, confirming the stability of the contaminant when dispersed in water. Then, photocatalytic tests at optimal pH, solvent, and wavelength reveal a correlation between the support surface area and the degradation. This points to the role of carbon nitride surface nanostructure on gemfibrozil degradation. In particular, the use of silver on mesoporous carbon nitride single-atom catalyst (Ag@mpgC3N4) leads to an unprecedented degradation of gemfibrozil (>90% within 60 min). The possible degradation intermediates and products were identified by mass spectrometry and were inert by cytotoxicity evaluation. We anticipate that, with further refinement and customization, the carbon nitride catalysts reported herein may find broad applications for light-driven degradation of other contaminants of emerging concern.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bajada MA, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Noël T, Vilé G. Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3898-3925. [PMID: 35481480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global warming crisis has sparked a series of environmentally cautious trends in chemistry, allowing us to rethink the way we conduct our synthesis, and to incorporate more earth-abundant materials in our catalyst design. "Single-atom catalysis" has recently appeared on the catalytic spectrum, and has truly merged the benefits that homogeneous and heterogeneous analogues have to offer. Further still, the possibility to activate these catalysts by means of a suitable electric potential could pave the way for a true integration of diverse synthetic methodologies and renewable electricity. Despite their esteemed benefits, single-atom electrocatalysts are still limited to the energy sector (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, etc.) and numerous examples in the literature still invoke the use of precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). Additionally, batch electroreactors are employed, which limit the intensification of such processes. It is of paramount importance that the field continues to grow in a more sustainable direction, seeking new ventures into the space of organic electrosynthesis and flow electroreactor technologies. In this piece, we discuss some of the progress being made with earth abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts and flow electrochemistry, within the context of organic electrosynthesis, and highlight the prospects of alternatively utilizing single-atom catalysts for such applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uekert T, Bajada MA, Schubert T, Pichler CM, Reisner E. Scalable Photocatalyst Panels for Photoreforming of Plastic, Biomass and Mixed Waste in Flow. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:4190-4197. [PMID: 33156562 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven reforming uses sunlight and a photocatalyst to generate H2 fuel from waste at ambient temperature and pressure. However, it faces practical scaling challenges such as photocatalyst dispersion and recyclability, competing light absorption by the waste solution, slow reaction rates and low conversion yields. Here, the immobilisation of a noble-metal-free carbon nitride/nickel phosphide (CNx |Ni2 P) photocatalyst on textured glass is shown to overcome several of these limitations. The 1 cm2 CNx |Ni2 P panels photoreform plastic, biomass, food and mixed waste into H2 and organic molecules with rates comparable to those of photocatalyst slurries. Furthermore, the panels enable facile photocatalyst recycling and novel photoreactor configurations that prevent parasitic light absorption, thereby promoting H2 production from turbid waste solutions. Scalability is further verified by preparing 25 cm2 CNx |Ni2 P panels for use in a custom-designed flow reactor to generate up to 21 μmolH 2 m-2 h-1 under "real-world" (seawater, low sunlight) conditions. The application of inexpensive and readily scalable CNx |Ni2 P panels to photoreforming of a variety of real waste streams provides a crucial step towards the practical deployment of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Uekert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Teresa Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christian M Pichler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bajada MA, Roy S, Warnan J, Abdiaziz K, Wagner A, Roessler MM, Reisner E. A Precious-Metal-Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO 2 -to-Syngas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15633-15641. [PMID: 32250531 PMCID: PMC7496929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyzers combining CO2 reduction (CO2 R) with organic substrate oxidation can produce fuel and chemical feedstocks with a relatively low energy requirement when compared to systems that source electrons from water oxidation. Here, we report an anodic hybrid assembly based on a (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) electrocatalyst modified with a silatrane-anchor (STEMPO), which is covalently immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide (mesoITO) scaffold for efficient alcohol oxidation (AlcOx). This molecular anode was subsequently combined with a cathode consisting of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes to construct a hybrid, precious-metal-free coupled AlcOx-CO2 R electrolyzer. After three-hour electrolysis, glycerol is selectively oxidized to glyceraldehyde with a turnover number (TON) of ≈1000 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 83 %. The cathode generated a stoichiometric amount of syngas with a CO:H2 ratio of 1.25±0.25 and an overall cobalt-based TON of 894 with a FE of 82 %. This prototype device inspires the design and implementation of nonconventional strategies for coupling CO2 R to less energy demanding, and value-added, oxidative chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bajada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bajada MA, Roy S, Warnan J, Abdiaziz K, Wagner A, Roessler MM, Reisner E. A Precious‐Metal‐Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO
2
‐to‐Syngas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bajada
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bajada MA, Vijeta A, Savateev A, Zhang G, Howe D, Reisner E. Visible-Light Flow Reactor Packed with Porous Carbon Nitride for Aerobic Substrate Oxidations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8176-8182. [PMID: 31962048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A triphasic photocatalytic reactor employing a mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst and aerobic O2 was assembled to operate under continuous flow conditions. This reactor design allows for facile downstream processing and reusability in multiple flow cycles. The selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols and amines was chosen to demonstrate the applicability and performance advantage of this flow approach compared to that of conventional batch photochemistry. This precious-metal-free photocatalytic flow system operates under benign reaction conditions (visible light, low pressure, and mild temperature) and will stimulate the exploration of other oxidative reactions in a sustainable, scalable, and affordable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Vijeta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloid Chemistry , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Duncan Howe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|