Zero COVID 19 Occurrence among 206 of 1023 Migrants of War from Syria at the Czech Border (Rapid Research Note)

Recent war conflicts in Europe and Middle East generate new refugee wawes and possible dissemination of Covid I9 variants from countries with low vaccination activity due to armed events.Therefore we have tested all migrants of war(206) coming via Hungarian Slovak Czech Border,within one week among 1023 refugees of war..who had symptoms of respiratory infection.None of tested symptomatic individuals was positive by rapid antigen test.Therefore the the risk ofCOVID I9 dissemination was not been confirmed.

Collapse of Healthcare Providers-medical and Paramedical-healthcare Staff after last Three Years of Pandemics and War Conflicts

This Editorial dispatch focuses on absolute shortage of healthcare workers and their psychical and physical exhaustion with devastation consequences on healthcare providers and management of pandemics and health destruction within ongoing armed conflicts in Europe and Middle East,focusing on non prioritizing HCW versus healthcare infrastructure, vaccines medications, but putting both to the same level of priority.

Physiotherapy & Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Postcovid & Postconflict Era: New Roles with same Staff? (dispatch)

Waves of COVID-19 have been managed successfully within US, EU, Southeast Asia and Latin America, however, South Asia and Sub-saharan Africa still suffer new variants and EU fights with UK and United States of ,,new waves of old disease“, postcovide or long covide syndrome. The aim of this communication and research is to prepare our auditors for the size and extent of postcovid systems and the importance of non-doctors and non-medicine experts in management of its consequences.

Ethical Challenge of Discerning Refugees from Economic Migrants: Critical Observations and Conclusions Regarding Slovak Capital Facing Huge Tide of Ukrainian Citizens Nowadays (Case Study)

Objective: The aim of our research was to determine the distinction between behavioral patterns of refugees versus economic migrants from Ukraine in order to confute widespread Slovak media image of all incoming Ukrainian citizens as severily suffering from war trauma and being at the edge of their financial or material survival.Design: Case Study from the Capital of Slovakia. Participants: Ukrainian citizens living in Bratislava who entered Slovakia at the beginning of the time of the Russian invasion until today. Methods: Analytical evaluation based on a critical approach to media image confronted with real situations regarding refugees versus economic migrants from Ukraine was applied. To grasp the issue of behavior of incoming persons, firstly, naturalistic observation method has been used. Results: Using sensitive and detailed observation the distinction between Ukrainian refugees and economic migrants can be drawn and should be applied on a common basis. This should be based on their behavioral patterns as seen in praxis. Conclusion: Discerning refugees from economic migrants needs to be done in order to ensure fairness towards incoming persons and also locals. The distinction should be based on objective observation of behavioral patterns of all the incoming Ukrainian citizens and based on that decisions of competent institutions and preparation of relevant legislation should be made. It is inevitable to start to grasp the problem of unjust generalizing approach and also to stop antisocial behavior on the streets, in the city transport, at the shops, in the doctor´s waiting room, etc. of incoming Ukrainian citizens, who do not show any signs of war trauma and are obviously economic migrants, moreover, inadaptable. Continuation of peaceful living of locals should be granted by Slovak government both in the form of issuing proper legislation and by immediate implementation of legislation into practice. The Slovak media image of the current situation concerning this matter needs to be straight reconsidered, revised and by these steps to prevent and protect the community from further demage and overall reduction in the quality of life of all the inhabitants of the capital.

Call for Socioeconomic and Health Infrastructure Rehabilitation after Pandemics and armed Conflicts - an ultimate wake up Call for the International Community?

This current issue of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention (CSW, 1-5) summarizes the three last issues focused on two devastating events. 1st – the two year pandemics of coronavirus infection originated from Hongkong 2003; via Abu Dhabi 2012; Busan 2017; Wuchan 2019 via Italy, France and large airports and sports/ cultural events to Central and Eastern Europe. 2nd – three war conflicts, two of them in Europe, or very close to the EU: first in 2012-2020 in Yemen due to airstries and infrastructure bombing of Taizz, Sanaa and Hodeida; second in Karabakh, Stepanakert Region by shelling from Azerbajjjan; third in Ukraine after bombing and still permanent shelling from Russian and Russia-satellite allies to Ukraine. We have to face the part played by devastating infrastructure destruction of hospitals schools, socio-economic and industrial damage to health and sanitary with consequences such as has been noted after an earthquake in Haiti and war in Rwanda and DRC. Currently, unfortunately, dealing with destroyed urban infrastructure in Mariopil and other towns, such as cholera outbreaks and Covid 19 resurgence results in massive a flow of refugees of war - a classic example of how socio-economic tragedy is followed by large health catastrophe. The EU is prepared for country rehabilitation including healthcare and educational support. The ultimate condition however is the immediate stopping of armed activities especially bombing and shelling of the water supplies and sanitary infrastructure.

Low occurence of Tuberculosis and HIV among Ukrainian Immigrants of War at the Border post in Uzhorod – Vysne Nemecke at point prevalence testing (note)

Point prevalence studies bring us approximate situations in border emergency settings where longitudinal or comparative studies are not realistic from logistic safety points of view. The one day point prevalence study performed at most frequently used checkpoints between Ukraine (UA) and Slovakia (SK). No case of TB screened by the WHO recommended questionnaire, or HIV performed by rapid test has been noted on day 7 after the war was declared.

Weakness Period in Food Assistance as Part of Social Work for Ukrainian Migrants of War Conflicts

Food supplies are leading priorities during reception and first contact with all refugees of war. The aim of the study was to longitudinally document the clients flow in a food and clothing center at SEUC in Bratislava, serving clients sent from various checkpoints between Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland.

The War in Ukraine and the Participation of St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Work in Helping at Border Crossing Points

War always means sacrifice, death, forced departure, pain, sorrow and suffering. All wars leave scars on the soul. The current situation in Ukraine is very serious. The war has affected millions of innocent people. St. Elizabeth's College of Healthcare and Social Work supports calls for solidarity, an end to the war and peace. Everyone from the university contributes not only by hand but also by heart to the joint work. Suffering must end!

Acute Post Trauma Stress Syndrome (PSS) versus Chronic PSS after Armed Operations in Bosna, Yemen versus Lebanon and Syria

Post Trauma Stress Syndrome has two forms, acute and chronic; depending on the interval and duration of stress, since this is a typically reactive psychosocial disorder with vegetative medical symptomatology evoked by acute or chronic stress.                                                       The aim of this three cohort comparative study is to compare the position of PTSS between: victims of bombing in Yemen (air strikes only); combined war operations in Ukraine; and combined operations in Syria, and chronic military unrests in Lebanon

Spectrum of Humanitarian Help to migrants of War from Multi-ethnic vs. Mono-ethnic Regions (Note)

After armed conflict due to invasion of Russian Fed forces to Ukraine, humanitarian help from neighboring countries emerged, mainly Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary,Romania, Moldova, etc. The aim of this short research note is to compare the type of humanitarian assistance from a multiethnic area of Rimavska Sobota (multi-ethnic area with about one fifth of Hungarian; a third of Roma population; a district of highest unemployment; to the Bratislava area with lowest unemployment with Slovak nationals in majority.

Health Care for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Setting of Refugee Camps at Europe’s Entry Points

St. Elizabeth University, Bratislava, and its Tropic team has had an active participation in refugee and migrant humanitarian aid since 2015. In the beginning, it was mainly providing health care in the border areas of Hungary, Serbia, and Slovenia, which represented transit points on the route to Western European final destinations. The uncontrolled influx of fleeing people (mainly Syrians at that time) was stopped in March 2016. The diplomatic EU-Turkey deal and subsequent closure of Balkan borders resulted in an extensive humanitarian catastrophe when thousands ended up stranded in Greece. Since then, the members of St. Elizabeth’s Tropic team operate in affected Greek areas. At first, the University had its presence in the northern part of mainland Greece, which later moved to Lesbos Island. Cooperating closely with the Greek Ministry of Health as well as with multiple non-governmental non-profit organizations registered in Greece. The Topic team focuses on refugee health care inside as well as outside the Greek refugee camps.

Life Satisfaction of Holocaust Survivors

Objective: Find out the impact of the Holocaust trauma on life satisfaction of alive Czech survivors, and to compare it with a control group of respondents.                                                       Design: Prospective study                                                       Participants: The total number of respondents in the study was 130. The exposed group consisted of 65 Czech Holocaust survivors (average age 88.5 years), control group of 65 Czech seniors (average age 88 years).  Methods: The article presents a quantitative research assessing the life satisfaction of survivors using the standardized Life Satisfaction Questionnaire by Fahrenberg et al. (1986) on a main group, and compares it with a control group. A nonparametric test for two selections (Mann – Whitney) at a significance level of 0.05 was used to test the hypotheses.                                                       Results: In spite of wide spectrum of the Holocaust effects, the exposed group shows higher or the same satisfactionin the most of the monitored areas compared to the control group (Health Me 4 vs. 3, p – 0.000; Workand employment Me 6 vs. 5, p – 0.000; Financial situation Me 6 vs. 4, p – 0.000; Leisure time Me 4 vs. 4, p – 0.002; Marriage and partnership Me 2 vs. 0, p – 0.284; Own self Me 4 vs. 3, p – 0.000; Sexuality Me 3 vs. 3, p – 0.879; Friends and acquaintances Me 5 vs. 4, p – 0.002; Housing Me 5 vs. 4, p – 0.000; Overall life satisfaction Me 5 vs. 4, p – 0.001). On the contrary, they are less satisfied in the area Children (Me 4 vs. 5, p – 0.016).                                                        Conclusions: The research displays integration of hardiness and vulnerability, lust for life and the ability of man to live and survive in extreme conditions and still feel a joy of life.

Urinary Incontinence as a Significant Health and Social Problem of Women

The issue of urinary incontinence is the most commonly discussedissue in the field of urology and urological nursing. It occurs all over the world. 45% of the population suffers from it. An average time from the onset of the first symptomsuntil the visit to the doctor's is 3 years.It occurs at any age, regardless of gender, still women suffer from it more often and the prevalence of affected female-patients increases with age. However, at present, as an exception that proves the rule, we are increasingly often encountering this problem in younger people. This disease affects every area of patients´ lives. Social, professional and private life are all being subordinated to this issue, which significantly affects the comfort and quality of life

Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Elderly/Senior Population

Senior population is one of major social work and healthcare issues in highly developed countries. The aim of this study was assessing the late psychosocial consequences in seniors in Vienna and Bratislava after the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemics. The results suggest that elderly patients in contrast to children and adolescents suffer significantly more late psychosocial consequences after having coronavirus acute or chronic di- sease.

Building Bridges Between Social Work and Prenatal Psychology

This issue of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention is dedicated to decea- sed co-founder of our Journal and President of the International Society of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine, Director of the First Department of Peri- natal Psychology and Medicine, Honorary Doctor and holder of Honorary Degrees and Medals of multiple Universities in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Malaysia, etc, Doctor of Medicine and Psychology and Editor in chief of four Medical Journ- als: Acta Neurosa Superioris Rediviva, Neuroendocrinology Letters, Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention and Int. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine (1-4). Together with his spouse Lili Maas, ArtD., who added to the exact science, arts and her heart and love, all of those Journals were not only reading of naked facts and theories, or science but both were teaching us to accept psycho- logy, social work and medicine as art culture and love, what is more than science and knowledge, more than facts. (From the letter of St. Paul and two letters of St. Peter, New Testament)

Emerging Wake-up Call before next Pandemics as Apart of Medicine and Technology: We terribly need Social and Healthcare Workers

Thousands of healthcare and social workers (HCSW) died or lost their ability to work in their field after Covid pandemics in all three waves, and thousands left their profession due to burnout syndrome. Despite development of vaccines took 6- 18 months and refreshment of old molecules for treatment weeks, many countries paid a very high price for this pandemics not due to lack of medications or ventilator assistance devices but due to the increasing lack of trained HCSW.

Knowledge on Marriage and Reproduction in Islam for Multicultural Healthcare and Social Work Needs: Results of the Survey at Five Public Universities in Slovakia

Objective: The aim of our research was to find out, if university students of humanities and social sciences at five Slovak public universities have theoretical prerequisites for intercultural competencies mainly needed in multicultural healthcare. These concrete theoretical prerequisites are dealing with knowledge regarding Islamic teachings on: family; female infanticide; reproduction; usage of assisted reproduction technologies; and induced abortion. Design: Research study. Participants: Overall 1000 students at 5 Slovak public universities (at each n=200). Methods: Empirical research was done using our own questionnaire. Verification of our three hypotheses has been done using the method of statistical testing for testing hypotheses on equality of parameters of two alternative divisions with large selection ranges. Results: Responses to questions concerning definition of marriage in Islam (Questions #1 - 3) have shown, that both male and female students have proved better knowledge of this issue than in the case of the area concerning possibilities of use of reproductive medicine achievements in Islam. Responses to question (Question #4) regarding Muhammad´s attitude to feminine infanticide have shown that men, in comparison to women, have manifested more radical (more numerous) inclination to the answer that Muhammad entrusted fathers with decision on its performance. Responses to questions dealing with possibilities to use reproductive medicine achievements in Islam (Questions #5-7) have shown that female, in comparison to male students, have manifested more radical (more numerous) rejective position. Conclusion: Knowledge of marriage and reproductive issues in Islam among students stays at historical level, what causes a problem not to be able to understand and respect contemporary needs of Muslim patients in the frame of an holistic approach in multicultural healthcare and social work in Slovakia. Improvements in current curriculum concerning students´ intercultural competencies mainly connected to an understanding of standpoints of Muslim believers concerning their social foundations, health and entire well-being are inevitable.

Involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) in transcriptional activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) by ACTH

Studies in vivo have suggested the involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 on ACTH-induced transcription of the key steroidogenic protein, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR). The present study uses two ACTH-responsive adrenocortical cell lines, to examine the role of CRTC on Star transcription. Here we show that ACTH-induced Star primary transcript, or heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA), parallels rapid increases in nuclear levels of the 3 isoforms of CRTC; CRTC1, CRTC2 and CRTC3. Furthermore, ACTH promotes recruitment of CRTC2 and CRTC3 by the Star promoter and siRNA knockdown of either CRTC3 or CRTC2 attenuates the increases in ACTH-induced Star hnRNA. Using pharmacological inhibitors of PKA, MAP kinase and calcineurin, we show that the effects of ACTH on Star transcription and CRTC nuclear translocation depend predominantly on the PKA pathway. The data provides evidence that CRTC2 and CRTC3, contribute to activation of Star transcription by ACTH, and that PKA/CRTC-dependent pathways are part of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating Star transcription.

Transcriptional regulation of episodic glucocorticoid secretion

Circadian and ultradian variations of basal glucocorticoid secretion and transient elevations during stress are essential for homeostasis. Using intronic qRT-PCR to measure changes in primary transcript (hnRNA) we have shown that secretory events induced by stress or ACTH injection are followed by episodic increases in transcription of rate limiting steroidogenic proteins, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage and melanocortin receptor associated protein. These transcriptional episodes imply rapid turnover of steroidogenic proteins and the need of de novo synthesis following each secretory event. In addition to episodic ACTH secretion, it is likely that intracellular feedback mechanisms at the adrenal fasciculata level contribute to the generation of episodes of transcription. The time relationship between activation and translocation of the CREB co-activator, transducer of regulated CREB activity (TORC) to the nucleus preceding transcriptional episodes suggest the involvement of TORC in the transcriptional activation of StAR and other steroidogenic proteins.

Microglia phenotype diversity

Microglia, the tissue macrophages of the brain, have under healthy conditions a resting phenotype that is characterized by a ramified morphology. With their fine processes microglia are continuously scanning their environment. Upon any homeostatic disturbance microglia rapidly change their phenotype and contribute to processes including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and neurogenesis. In this review, we will address functional phenotypes of microglia in diverse brain regions and phenotypes associated with neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, brain tumor homeostasis, and aging.

MTD-PLS: a PLS-based variant of the MTD method. A 3D-QSAR analysis of receptor affinities for a series of halogenated dibenzoxin and biphenyl derivatives

MTD-PLS, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) variant of the Minimum Topological Difference (MTD) method is described. In MTD-PLS, molecules are characterised not only by the occupancy or nonoccupancy of the hypermolecular vertices (as in classical MTD), but also by additional descriptors for each vertex: fragmental van der Waals volumes, fragmental hydrophobicities, partial atomic charges, etc. This method was applied to a series of 73 polyhalogenated derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxine, dibenzofuran and biphenyl (induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydrolase and affinities to rat cytosolic receptor), previously studied by MTD. The separation of steric, hydrophobic, and electrostatic effects was achieved retranslating from the latent variable space into a linear combination of the initial structural variables. The MTD-PLS method yields more detailed results compared to classical MTD, indicating the importance of electrostatic effects at some substituent positions.

Agonists and antagonists recognize different but overlapping populations of A1 adenosine receptors: modulation of receptor number by MgCl2, solubilization, and guanine nucleotides

A1 selective agonist and antagonist radioligands bind to the same A1 adenosine receptor binding subunit, as documented by photoaffinity labelling and partial peptide maps. In this study we document that although these radioligands recognize the same A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR), they recognize different numbers of A1ARs in bovine brain membranes, with agonist number being greater than antagonist number. Neither addition of guanine nucleotides nor removal of Mg2+ ions enhanced antagonist binding in membranes. On solubilization, agonists still recognized a greater number of A1ARs but addition of guanine nucleotides or removal of Mg2+ substantially increased the number of receptors detected with antagonist radioligands. The effects of Mg2+ and guanine nucleotides were not additive, suggesting that formation of a "low agonist-receptor-G protein state" by either modulating agent was sufficient to alter the receptor conformation such that it could be recognized by antagonist. These studies suggest that a proportion of the "precoupled A1AR-G protein complex" in membranes are in a conformation that cannot be recognized by antagonists and that membrane constraints are such that ions or guanine nucleotides cannot sufficiently modulate the conformation to allow it to recognize antagonists. On removal of membrane structure by solubilization, these constraints are removed.

Hypersensitivity towards alpha-crystalline in the heterochromia syndrome

In 4 cases of heterochromic cyclitis with cataract, 5 cases of herpetic iridocyclitis, and 5 cases of senile cataract, hypersensitivity to both alpha-crystalline and uveal pigment was investigated by lymphocyte-transformation and leukocyte-migration tests. In 3 cases of heterochromic cyclitis with cataracts, cellular hypersensitivity to alpha-crystalline was proven. Basing on these findings, the role of hypersensitivity to lens proteins in the etiology of heterochromic cyclitis is suggested.