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Tang S, Bok R, Qin H, Reed G, VanCriekinge M, Delos Santos R, Overall W, Santos J, Gordon J, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ. A metabolite-specific 3D stack-of-spiral bSSFP sequence for improved lactate imaging in hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate studies on a 3T clinical scanner. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1113-1125. [PMID: 32086845 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The balanced steady-state free precession sequence has been previously explored to improve the efficient use of nonrecoverable hyperpolarized 13C magnetization, but suffers from poor spectral selectivity and long acquisition time. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel metabolite-specific 3D bSSFP ("MS-3DSSFP") sequence with stack-of-spiral readouts for improved lactate imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate studies on a clinical 3T scanner. METHODS Simulations were performed to evaluate the spectral response of the MS-3DSSFP sequence. Thermal 13C phantom experiments were performed to validate the MS-3DSSFP sequence. In vivo hyperpolarized [1-13 C], pyruvate studies were performed to compare the MS-3DSSFP sequence with metabolite-specific gradient echo ("MS-GRE") sequences for lactate imaging. RESULTS Simulations, phantom, and in vivo studies demonstrate that the MS-3DSSFP sequence achieved spectrally selective excitation on lactate while minimally perturbing other metabolites. Compared with MS-GRE sequences, the MS-3DSSFP sequence showed approximately a 2.5-fold SNR improvement for lactate imaging in rat kidneys, prostate tumors in a mouse model, and human kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Improved lactate imaging using the MS-3DSSFP sequence in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate studies was demonstrated in animals and humans. The MS-3DSSFP sequence could be applied for other clinical applications such as in the brain or adapted for imaging other metabolites such as pyruvate and bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hecong Qin
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark VanCriekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Overall
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Korenchan DE, Gordon JW, Subramaniam S, Sriram R, Baligand C, VanCriekinge M, Bok R, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR. Using bidirectional chemical exchange for improved hyperpolarized [ 13 C]bicarbonate pH imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:959-972. [PMID: 31050049 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapid chemical exchange can affect SNR and pH measurement accuracy for hyperpolarized pH imaging with [13 C]bicarbonate. The purpose of this work was to investigate chemical exchange effects on hyperpolarized imaging sequences to identify optimal sequence parameters for high SNR and pH accuracy. METHODS Simulations were performed under varying rates of bicarbonate-CO2 chemical exchange to analyze exchange effects on pH quantification accuracy and SNR under different sampling schemes. Four pulse sequences, including 1 new technique, a multiple-excitation 2D EPI (multi-EPI) sequence, were compared in phantoms using hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate, varying parameters such as tip angles, repetition time, order of metabolite excitation, and refocusing pulse design. In vivo hyperpolarized bicarbonate-CO2 exchange measurements were made in transgenic murine prostate tumors to select in vivo imaging parameters. RESULTS Modeling of bicarbonate-CO2 exchange identified a multiple-excitation scheme for increasing CO2 SNR by up to a factor of 2.7. When implemented in phantom imaging experiments, these sampling schemes were confirmed to yield high pH accuracy and SNR gains. Based on measured bicarbonate-CO2 exchange in vivo, a 47% CO2 SNR gain is predicted. CONCLUSION The novel multi-EPI pulse sequence can boost CO2 imaging signal in hyperpolarized 13 C bicarbonate imaging while introducing minimal pH bias, helping to surmount a major hurdle in hyperpolarized pH imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Celine Baligand
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mark VanCriekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Bancroft Brown J, Sriram R, VanCriekinge M, Delos Santos R, Sun J, Delos Santos J, Tabatabai ZL, Shinohara K, Nguyen H, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J. NMR quantification of lactate production and efflux and glutamate fractional enrichment in living human prostate biopsies cultured with [1,6- 13 C 2 ]glucose. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:566-576. [PMID: 30924180 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Image-guided prostate biopsies are routinely acquired in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of prostate cancer, yielding useful tissue for identifying metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We developed an optimized biopsy tissue culture protocol in combination with [1,6-13 C2 ]glucose labeling and quantitative high-resolution NMR to measure glycolysis and tricarboxcylic acid (TCA) cycle activity in freshly acquired living human prostate biopsies. METHODS We acquired 34 MRI-ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsies in vials on ice from 22 previously untreated patients. Within 15 min, biopsies were transferred to rotary tissue culture in 37°C prostate medium containing [1,6-13 C2 ]glucose. Following 24 h of culture, tissue lactate and glutamate pool sizes and fractional enrichments were quantified using quantitative 1 H high resolution magic angle spinning Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) spectroscopy at 1°C with and without 13 C decoupling. Lactate effluxed from the biopsy tissue was quantified in the culture medium using quantitative solution-state high-resolution NMR. RESULTS Lactate concentration in low-grade cancer (1.15 ± 0.78 nmol/mg) and benign (0.74 ± 0.15 nmol/mg) biopsies agreed with prior published measurements of snap-frozen biopsies. There was substantial fractional enrichment of [3-13 C]lactate (≈70%) and [4-13 C]glutamate (≈24%) in both low-grade cancer and benign biopsies. Although a significant difference in tissue [3-13 C]lactate fractional enrichment was not observed, lactate efflux was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in low-grade cancer biopsies (0.55 ± 0.14 nmol/min/mg) versus benign biopsies (0.31 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg). CONCLUSION A protocol was developed for quantification of lactate production-efflux and TCA cycle activity in single living human prostate biopsies, allowing metabolic labeling on a wide spectrum of human tissues (e.g., metastatic, post-non-surgical therapy) from patients not receiving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bancroft Brown
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark VanCriekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jinny Sun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Katsuto Shinohara
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Donna M Peehl
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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