1
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Timm JD, Huff M, Schwan S, Papenmeier F. Short-term transfer effects of Tetris on mental rotation: Review and registered report - A Bayesian approach. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:1056-1064. [PMID: 38383915 PMCID: PMC11062957 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The existence of transfer effects of video games on cognitive performance are controversially discussed in experimental psychology. Whereas recent meta-analyses suggest the absence of far transfer effects, empirical evidence regarding near transfer effects is more controversial. This conceptual replication investigated the short-term near transfer effect of playing Tetris on mental rotation abilities. The design of the conceptual replication was based on a comprehensive compilation of the methods used by previous literature on this topic and advanced in order to reach a high scientific state-of-the-art standard. We ran a high-powered conceptual replication study with 366 participants randomly assigned to either an experimental group playing Tetris or a control group playing Solitaire. Both groups completed three commonly used mental rotation tests in a pre- and a posttest session. Additionally, the experimental group played Tetris while the control group played Solitaire. Playing time was 10 hours in total within 4 weeks. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that this might generate a short-term transfer effect of Tetris on mental rotation. While participants showed a repeated testing effect for the mental rotation tests in both groups, we found evidence that Tetris does not produce a short-term transfer effect on mental rotation. Both gender and expected outcomes did not influence this effect. Our study suggests that playing Tetris does not improve mental rotation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Timm
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schwan
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Papenmeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Kaup B, Ulrich R, Bausenhart KM, Bryce D, Butz MV, Dignath D, Dudschig C, Franz VH, Friedrich C, Gawrilow C, Heller J, Huff M, Hütter M, Janczyk M, Leuthold H, Mallot H, Nürk HC, Ramscar M, Said N, Svaldi J, Wong HY. Modal and amodal cognition: an overarching principle in various domains of psychology. Psychol Res 2024; 88:307-337. [PMID: 37847268 PMCID: PMC10857976 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for how the human mind represents the internal and external world is a crucial feature of many theories of human cognition. Central to this question is the distinction between modal as opposed to amodal representational formats. It has often been assumed that one but not both of these two types of representations underlie processing in specific domains of cognition (e.g., perception, mental imagery, and language). However, in this paper, we suggest that both formats play a major role in most cognitive domains. We believe that a comprehensive theory of cognition requires a solid understanding of these representational formats and their functional roles within and across different domains of cognition, the developmental trajectory of these representational formats, and their role in dysfunctional behavior. Here we sketch such an overarching perspective that brings together research from diverse subdisciplines of psychology on modal and amodal representational formats so as to unravel their functional principles and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaup
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Ulrich
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Karin M Bausenhart
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Donna Bryce
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin V Butz
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Dignath
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Dudschig
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker H Franz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heller
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mandy Hütter
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Janczyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Leuthold
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Mallot
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nürk
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ramscar
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Said
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong Yu Wong
- Department of Philosophy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Brich IR, Papenmeier F, Huff M, Merkt M. Construction or updating? Event model processes during visual narrative comprehension. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-023-02424-w. [PMID: 38361105 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The plot of a narrative is represented in the form of event models in working memory. Because only parts of the plot are actually presented and information is continually changing, comprehenders have to infer a good portion of a narrative and keep their mental representation updated. Research has identified two related processes (e.g., Gernsbacher, 1997): During model construction (shifting, laying a foundation) at large coherence breaks an event model is completely built anew. During model updating (mapping) at smaller omissions, however, the current event model is preserved, and only changed parts are updated through inference processes. Thus far, reliably distinguishing those two processes in visual narratives like comics was difficult. We report a study (N = 80) that aimed to map the differences between constructing and updating event models in visual narratives by combining measures from narrative comprehension and event cognition research and manipulating event structure. Participants watched short visual narratives designed to (not) contain event boundaries at larger coherence breaks and elicit inferences through small omissions, while we collected viewing time measures as well as event segmentation and comprehensibility data. Viewing time, segmentation, and comprehensibility data were in line with the assumption of two distinct comprehension processes. We thus found converging evidence across multiple measures for distinct model construction and updating processes in visual narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina R Brich
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstr. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Papenmeier
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstr. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Merkt
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstr. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Institute for Adult Education - Leibniz Centre for Lifelong Learning, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Fischer H, Huff M, Anders G, Said N. Metacognition, public health compliance, and vaccination willingness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2105425120. [PMID: 37851676 PMCID: PMC10614760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105425120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metacognition, our ability to reflect on our own beliefs, manifests itself in the confidence we have in these beliefs, and helps us guide our behavior in complex and uncertain environments. Here, we provide empirical tests of the importance of metacognition during the pandemic. Bayesian and frequentist analyses demonstrate that citizens with higher metacognitive sensitivity-where confidence differentiates correct from incorrect COVID-19 beliefs-reported higher willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19, and higher compliance with recommended public health measures. Notably, this benefit of accurate introspection held controlling for the accuracy of COVID-19 beliefs. By demonstrating how vaccination willingness and compliance may relate to insight into the varying accuracy of beliefs, rather than only the accuracy of the beliefs themselves, this research highlights the critical role of metacognitive ability in times of crisis. However, we do not find sufficient evidence to conclude that citizens with higher metacognitive sensitivity were more likely to comply with recommended public health measures when controlling for the absolute level of the confidence citizens had in their COVID-19 beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Fischer
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Gerrit Anders
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Nadia Said
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
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Buder J, Zimmermann A, Buttliere B, Rabl L, Vogel M, Huff M. Online Interaction Turns the Congeniality Bias Into an Uncongeniality Bias. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:1055-1068. [PMID: 37722137 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231194590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Online phenomena like echo chambers and polarization are believed to be driven by humans' penchant to selectively expose themselves to attitudinally congenial content. However, if like-minded content were the only predictor of online behavior, heated debate and flaming on the Internet would hardly occur. Research has overlooked how online behavior changes when people are given an opportunity to reply to dissenters. Three experiments (total N = 320; convenience student samples from Germany) and an internal meta-analysis show that in a discussion-forum setting where participants can reply to earlier comments larger cognitive conflict between participant attitude and comment attitude predicts higher likelihood to respond (uncongeniality bias). When the discussion climate was friendly (vs. oppositional) to the views of participants, the uncongeniality bias was more pronounced and was also associated with attitude polarization. These results suggest that belief polarization on social media may not only be driven by congeniality but also by conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Buder
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
| | - Anja Zimmermann
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
- Department of Research and Transfer, Technical University of Darmstadt
| | - Brett Buttliere
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
- Faculty of Humanities, Nicolaus Copernicus University
| | - Lisa Rabl
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
| | - Moritz Vogel
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
| | - Markus Huff
- Perception and Action Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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Huff M, Bongartz EC. Low Research-Data Availability in Educational-Psychology Journals: No Indication of Effective Research-Data Policies. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/25152459231156419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Research-data availability contributes to the transparency of the research process and the credibility of educational-psychology research and science in general. Recently, there have been many initiatives to increase the availability and quality of research data. Many research institutions have adopted research-data policies. This increased awareness might have raised the sharing of research data in empirical articles. To test this idea, we coded 1,242 publications from six educational-psychology journals and the psychological journal Cognition (as a baseline) published in 2018 and 2020. Research-data availability was low (3.85% compared with 62.74% in Cognition) but has increased from 0.32% (2018) to 7.16% (2020). However, neither the data-transparency level of the journal nor the existence of an official research-data policy on the level of the corresponding author’s institution was related to research-data availability. We discuss the consequences of these findings for institutional research-data-management processes.
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Ridley J, Huff M, Thompson A, Masood A, Vela E. 303 Improving Obstetrical Trauma Care Using a Standardized Protocol. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fischer H, Huff M, Said N. Polarized climate change beliefs: No evidence for science literacy driving motivated reasoning in a U.S. national study. Am Psychol 2022; 77:822-835. [PMID: 35467910 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A substantial literature shows that public polarization over climate change in the U.S. is most pronounced among the science literate. A dominant explanation for this phenomenon is that science literacy amplifies motivated reasoning, the tendency to interpret evidence such that it confirms prior beliefs. The present study tests the biasing account of science literacy in a study among the U.S. population that investigated both interpretation of climate change evidence and repeated belief-updating. Results replicated the typical correlational pattern of political polarization as a function of science literacy. However, results delivered little support for the core causal claim of the biasing account-that science literacy drives motivated reasoning. Hence, these results speak against a mechanism whereby science literacy driving motivated reasoning could explain polarized climate change beliefs among the science literate. This study adds to our growing understanding of the role of science literacy for public beliefs about contested science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Merkt M, Huff M. Does the position of source information for multiple documents matter? Insights from two experiments. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Elson M, Huff M, Utz S. Metascience on Peer Review: Testing the Effects of a Study’s Originality and Statistical Significance in a Field Experiment. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245919895419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peer review has become the gold standard in scientific publishing as a selection method and a refinement scheme for research reports. However, despite its pervasiveness and conferred importance, relatively little empirical research has been conducted to document its effectiveness. Further, there is evidence that factors other than a submission’s merits can substantially influence peer reviewers’ evaluations. We report the results of a metascientific field experiment on the effect of the originality of a study and the statistical significance of its primary outcome on reviewers’ evaluations. The general aim of this experiment, which was carried out in the peer-review process for a conference, was to demonstrate the feasibility and value of metascientific experiments on the peer-review process and thereby encourage research that will lead to understanding its mechanisms and determinants, effectively contextualizing it in psychological theories of various biases, and developing practical procedures to increase its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Elson
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Markus Huff
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
| | - Sonja Utz
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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11
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Papenmeier F, Maurer AE, Huff M. Linguistic Information in Auditory Dynamic Events Contributes to the Detection of Fine, Not Coarse Event Boundaries. Adv Cogn Psychol 2019; 15:30-40. [PMID: 32509043 PMCID: PMC7265132 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human observers (comprehenders) segment dynamic information into discrete events. That is, although there is continuous sensory information, comprehenders perceive boundaries between two meaningful units of information. In narrative comprehension, comprehenders use linguistic, non-linguistic , and physical cues for this event boundary perception. Yet, it is an open question - both from a theoretical and an empirical perspective - how linguistic and non-linguistic cues contribute to this process. The current study explores how linguistic cues contribute to the participants' ability to segment continuous auditory information into discrete, hierarchically structured events. Native speakers of German and non-native speakers, who neither spoke nor understood German, segmented a German audio drama into coarse and fine events. Whereas native participants could make use of linguistic, non-linguistic, and physical cues for segmentation, non-native participants could only use non-linguistic and physical cues. We analyzed segmentation behavior in terms of the ability to identify coarse and fine event boundaries and the resulting hierarchical structure. Non-native listeners identified almost identical coarse event boundaries as native listeners, but missed some of the fine event boundaries identified by the native listeners. Interestingly, hierarchical event perception (as measured by hierarchical alignment and enclosure) was comparable for native and non-native participants. In summary, linguistic cues contributed particularly to the identification of certain fine event boundaries. The results are discussed with regard to the current theories of event cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Papenmeier
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika E. Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Research Infrastructures, German Institute for Adult Education, Bonn, Germany
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Papenmeier F, Brockhoff A, Huff M. Filling the gap despite full attention: the role of fast backward inferences for event completion. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 30693396 PMCID: PMC6352563 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-018-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The comprehension of dynamic naturalistic events poses at least two challenges to the cognitive system: filtering relevant information with attention and dealing with information that was missing or missed. With four experiments, we studied the completion of missing information despite full attention. Participants watched short soccer video clips and we informed participants that we removed a critical moment of ball contact in half of the clips. We asked participants to detect whether these moments of ball contact were present or absent. In Experiment 1, participants gave their detection responses either directly during an event or delayed after an event. Although participants directed their full attention toward the critical contact moment, they were more likely to indicate seeing the missing ball contact if it was followed by a causally matching scene than if it was followed by an unrelated scene, both for the immediate and delayed responses. Thus, event completion occurs quickly. In Experiment 2, only a causally matching scene but neither a white mask nor an irrelevant scene caused the completion of missing information. This indicates that the completion of missing information is caused by backward inferences rather than predictive perception. In Experiment 3, we showed that event completion occurs directly during a trial and does not depend on expectations built up after seeing the same causality condition multiple times. In Experiment 4, we linked our findings to event cognition by asking participants to perform a natural segmentation task. We conclude that observers complete missing information during coherent events based on a fast backward inference mechanism even when directing their attention toward the missing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Papenmeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alisa Brockhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Research Infrastructures, German Institute for Adult Education, Heinemannstraße 12-14, 53175, Bonn, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Research Infrastructures, German Research Institute for Adult Education, Bonn, Germany
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Burke A, Telford D, Sutherland B, Sawyez C, Edwards J, Barrett H, Huff M. LDL-CHOLESTEROL, APOB100 KINETICS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN LDLR-DEFICIENT YUCATAN MINIPIGS: A NEW MODEL FOR FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Huff M, Maurer AE, Brich I, Pagenkopf A, Wickelmaier F, Papenmeier F. Construction and updating of event models in auditory event processing. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2017; 44:307-320. [PMID: 28933900 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans segment the continuous stream of sensory information into distinct events at points of change. Between 2 events, humans perceive an event boundary. Present theories propose changes in the sensory information to trigger updating processes of the present event model. Increased encoding effort finally leads to a memory benefit at event boundaries. Evidence from reading time studies (increased reading times with increasing amount of change) suggest that updating of event models is incremental. We present results from 5 experiments that studied event processing (including memory formation processes and reading times) using an audio drama as well as a transcript thereof as stimulus material. Experiments 1a and 1b replicated the event boundary advantage effect for memory. In contrast to recent evidence from studies using visual stimulus material, Experiments 2a and 2b found no support for incremental updating with normally sighted and blind participants for recognition memory. In Experiment 3, we replicated Experiment 2a using a written transcript of the audio drama as stimulus material, allowing us to disentangle encoding and retrieval processes. Our results indicate incremental updating processes at encoding (as measured with reading times). At the same time, we again found recognition performance to be unaffected by the amount of change. We discuss these findings in light of current event cognition theories. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
| | | | - Irina Brich
- Knowledge Exchange Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien
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Sebastian K, Ghose T, Zacks JM, Huff M. Understanding the Individual Cognitive Potential of Persons with Intellectual Disability in Workshops for Adapted Work. Appl Cognit Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sebastian
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI); Kaiserslautern Germany
- Department of Psychology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tandra Ghose
- Department of Psychology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jeffrey M. Zacks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis USA
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Brockhoff A, Huff M, Maurer A, Papenmeier F. Seeing the unseen? Illusory causal filling in FIFA referees, players, and novices. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2017; 1:7. [PMID: 28180158 PMCID: PMC5256435 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-016-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Humans often falsely report having seen a causal link between two dynamic scenes if the second scene depicts a valid logical consequence of the initial scene. As an example, a video clip shows someone kicking a ball including the ball flying. Even if the video clip omitted the moment of contact (i.e., the causal link), participants falsely report having seen this moment. In the current study, we explored the interplay of cognitive-perceptual expertise and event perception by measuring the false-alarm rates of three groups with differing interests in football (soccer in North America) (novices, players, and FIFA referees). We used the event-completion paradigm with video footage of a real football match, presenting either complete clips or incomplete clips (i.e., with the contact moment omitted). Either a causally linked scene or an incoherent scene followed a cut in the incomplete videos. Causally linked scenes induced false recognitions in all three groups: although the ball contact moment was not presented, participants indicated that they had seen the contact as frequently when it was absent as in the complete condition. In a second experiment, we asked the novices to detect the ball contact moment when it was either visible or not and when it was either followed by a causally or non-causally linked scene. Here, instead of presenting pictures of the clip, the participants were give a two-alternative forced-choice task: “Yes, contact was visible”, or “No, contact was not visible”. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that conceptual interpretations of simple events are independent of expertise: there were no top-down effects on perception. Participants in Experiment 2 detected the ball contact moment significantly more often correctly in the non-causal than in the causal conditions, indicating that the effect observed in Experiment 1 was not due to a possibly influential design (e.g., inducing a false memory for the presented pictures). The theoretical as well as the practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Brockhoff
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Annika Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Frank Papenmeier
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
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Papenmeier F, Meyerhoff HS, Brockhoff A, Jahn G, Huff M. Upside-down: Perceived space affects object-based attention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ghose T, Sebastian K, Huff M. Does Event Perception Depend on IQ, Expertise, and Repetition? J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Meyerhoff H, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Huff M. Exploring the temporal dynamics of attentional reallocations with the multiple object tracking paradigm. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Brockhoff A, Papenmeier F, Wolf K, Pfeiffer T, Jahn G, Huff M. Viewpoint matters: Exploring the involvement of reference frames in multiple object tracking from a developmental perspective. Cognitive Development 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meyerhoff HS, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Huff M. Not FLEXible enough: Exploring the temporal dynamics of attentional reallocations with the multiple object tracking paradigm. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2015; 42:776-87. [PMID: 26689311 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic environment of human observers requires continuous reallocations of visual attention to compensate for location changes of the attended objects. Particularly, situations with reduced spatial distance between targets and other objects in the display are crucial for keeping track of the target objects. In the present experiments, we explored how the temporal dynamics of such moments of reduced spacing affects the reallocation of visual attention. We asked participants to track 4 targets among indistinguishable distractors. Hereby, we manipulated whether target and distractor objects moved at a constant speed or whether their actual speed followed a sine wave profile. The variable speed oscillated around the constant speed thus maintaining average speed as well as traveled distance and average spatial proximity. We observed inferior tracking performance with variable speed profiles relative to constant speed profiles (Experiments 1a and 1b). When we increased the number of pairs of targets and distractors moving with a variable speed profile (Experiment 2), performance declined continuously. Remarkably, tracking performance also declined when only distractors moved at variable speeds, suggesting that the dynamic changes in interobject spacing rather than the variable speed impairs tracking (Experiment 3). In sum, our results provide evidence for a flexible allocation of the attentional resource toward targets suffering spatial interference by demonstrating the temporal constraints of the reallocation process. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Jahn
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, University of Lübeck
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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Ghose T, Mura K, Huff M. Canonical Viewpoints for Videos of Assembly Tasks. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Brockhoff A, Huff M. An Eye for Detail: Attentive States Modulate the Social Gaze-Cue Effect in Multiple Object Tracking. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Huff M, Utz S. Kommentar zum Memorandum zur Lage und zur Zukunft der Geschichte der Psychologie. Psychologische Rundschau 2015. [DOI: 10.1026/0033-3042/a000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Meyerhoff HS, Vanes LD, Huff M. Spatiotemporal predictability alters perceived duration of visual events: Memento effect revisited. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2015; 41:613-22. [PMID: 25775174 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Does event perception alter perceived duration? Previous research has shown that the perceived duration of a short scene depicting a disk moving along a segmented path is reduced when the temporal order of the motion segments is reversed (Memento effect). This effect has been attributed to the idea that reversed segments give rise to the perception of distinct visual events, whereas continuous segments are perceived as a single event. It has been suggested that the reduction in perceived duration is a result of perceiving multiple distinct events rather than 1. Here, the authors replicate and investigate the origin of the Memento effect. In 4 experiments, they explore the role of the spatiotemporal predictability of the disk's movement as well as the influence of the number of discrete events on perceived duration. Controlling for spatiotemporal predictability eliminates the Memento effect; however, controlling for the number of distinct events does not. Thus, the authors' results suggest that violations in spatiotemporal predictability rather than a varying number of discrete events induce the Memento effect. The authors discuss the impact of these findings for the perception of more naturalistic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy D Vanes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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Meyerhoff HS, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Huff M. Distractor Locations Influence Multiple Object Tracking Beyond Interobject Spacing: Evidence From Equidistant Distractor Displacements. Exp Psychol 2015; 62:170-80. [PMID: 25804242 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human observers are able to keep track of several independently moving objects among other objects. Within theories of multiple object tracking (MOT), distractors are assumed to influence tracking performance only by their distance toward the next target. In order to test this assumption, we designed a variant of the MOT paradigm that involved spatially arranged target-distractor pairs and sudden displacements of distractors during a brief flash. Critically, these displacements maintained target-distractor spacing. Our results show that displacing distractors hurts tracking performance (Experiment 1). Importantly, target-distractor confusions occur within target-distractor pairs with displaced distractors (Experiment 2). This displacement effect increases with an increasing displacement angle (Experiment 3) but is equal at different distances between target and distractor (Experiment 4). This finding illustrates that distractors influence tracking performance beyond pure interobject spacing. We discuss how inhibitory processes as well as relations between targets and distractors might interfere with target tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Annika E. Maurer
- Department of Psychology; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Huff M, Meitz TGK, Papenmeier F. Changes in situation models modulate processes of event perception in audiovisual narratives. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2014; 40:1377-88. [PMID: 24820670 DOI: 10.1037/a0036780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans understand text and film by mentally representing their contents in situation models. These describe situations using dimensions like time, location, protagonist, and action. Changes in 1 or more dimensions (e.g., a new character enters the scene) cause discontinuities in the story line and are often perceived as boundaries between 2 meaningful units. Recent theoretical advances in event perception led to the assumption that situation models are represented in the form of event models in working memory. These event models are updated at event boundaries. Points in time at which event models are updated are important: Compared with situations during an ongoing event, situations at event boundaries are remembered more precisely and predictions about what happens next become less reliable. We hypothesized that these effects depend on the number of changes in the situation model. In 2 experiments, we had participants watch sitcom episodes and measured recognition memory and prediction performance for event boundaries that contained a change in 1, 2, 3, or 4 dimensions. Results showed a linear relationship: the more dimensions changed, the higher recognition performance was. At the same time, participants' predictions became less reliable with an increasing number of dimension changes. These results suggest that updating of event models at event boundaries occurs incrementally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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Abstract
Receiving informative, well-structured, and well-designed instructions supports performance and memory in assembly tasks. We describe IBES, a tool with which users can quickly and easily create multimedia, step-by-step instructions by segmenting a video of a task into segments. In a validation study we demonstrate that the step-by-step structure of the visual instructions created by the tool corresponds to the natural event boundaries, which are assessed by event segmentation and are known to play an important role in memory processes. In one part of the study, 20 participants created instructions based on videos of two different scenarios by using the proposed tool. In the other part of the study, 10 and 12 participants respectively segmented videos of the same scenarios yielding event boundaries for coarse and fine events. We found that the visual steps chosen by the participants for creating the instruction manual had corresponding events in the event segmentation. The number of instructional steps was a compromise between the number of fine and coarse events. Our interpretation of results is that the tool picks up on natural human event perception processes of segmenting an ongoing activity into events and enables the convenient transfer into meaningful multimedia instructions for assembly tasks. We discuss the practical application of IBES, for example, creating manuals for differing expertise levels, and give suggestions for research on user-oriented instructional design based on this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mura
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nils Petersen
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Tandra Ghose
- Department of Psychology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
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Papenmeier F, Meyerhoff HS, Jahn G, Huff M. Tracking by location and features: object correspondence across spatiotemporal discontinuities during multiple object tracking. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2013; 40:159-71. [PMID: 23815479 DOI: 10.1037/a0033117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether surface feature information is utilized to track the locations of multiple objects. In particular, we tested whether surface features and spatiotemporal information are weighted according to their availability and reliability. Accordingly, we hypothesized that surface features should affect location tracking across spatiotemporal discontinuities. Three kinds of spatiotemporal discontinuities were implemented across five experiments: abrupt scene rotations, abrupt zooms, and a reduced presentation frame rate. Objects were briefly colored across the spatiotemporal discontinuity. Distinct coloring that matched spatiotemporal information across the discontinuity improved tracking performance as compared with homogeneous coloring. Swapping distinct colors across the discontinuity impaired performance. Correspondence by color was further demonstrated by more mis-selected distractors appearing in a former target color than distractors appearing in a former distractor color in the swap condition. This was true even when color never supported tracking and when participants were instructed to ignore color. Furthermore, effects of object color on tracking occurred with unreliable spatiotemporal information but not with reliable spatiotemporal information. Our results demonstrate that surface feature information can be utilized to track the locations of multiple objects. This is in contrast to theories stating that objects are tracked based on spatiotemporal information only. We introduce a flexible-weighting tracking account stating that spatiotemporal information and surface features are both utilized by the location tracking mechanism. The two sources of information are weighted according to their availability and reliability. Surface feature effects on tracking are particularly likely when distinct surface feature information is available and spatiotemporal information is unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Jahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen
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Meyerhoff HS, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Huff M. A single unexpected change in target- but not distractor motion impairs multiple object tracking. Iperception 2013; 4:81-3. [PMID: 23799190 PMCID: PMC3690418 DOI: 10.1068/i0567sas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research addresses the question whether motion information of multiple objects contributes to maintaining a selection of objects across a period of motion. Here, we investigate whether target and/or distractor motion information is used during attentive tracking. We asked participants to track four objects and changed either the motion direction of targets, the motion direction of distractors, neither, or both during a brief flash in the middle of a tracking interval. We observed that a single direction change of targets is sufficient to impair tracking performance. In contrast, changing the motion direction of distractors had no effect on performance. This indicates that target- but not distractor motion information is evaluated during tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke S Meyerhoff
- Knowledge Media Research Center Tübingen, Schleichstr. 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; e-mail:
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Abstract
How do observers track multiple moving objects simultaneously? Previous work has shown that adding conflicting texture motion to the tracked objects impairs tracking performance. Here, we test whether texture motion is integrated with object motion in an object-based manner, or whether adding conflicting texture motion to a display causes global interference effects. We added a moving texture onto the surface of tracked objects with the texture moving either in the same or opposite direction to the objects. In the critical trials, we presented both types of texture motion. In these trials, we found a selective impairment for the objects with opposite texture motion, suggesting that multiple motion information sources are integrated in an object-based manner during tracking. The integrated motion signals might be used to anticipate prospective object locations in order to enhance tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke S Meyerhoff
- Knowledge Media Research Center, Schleichstrasse 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bauhoff
- Knowledge Media Research Center; Tübingen; Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen; Germany
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Abstract
Perceptual animacy describes the tendency of human observers to interpret motion cues that suggest an interaction between two objects in anthropomorphic terms, such as social causation or intention. Recent studies established a chasing detection paradigm that allows a psychophysical measurement of animacy. Here, we present several variants of the chasing detection paradigm in order to investigate how attention contributes to the detection of animate motion. We show that detection accuracy (Experiment 1a) and response latency (Experiment 1b) depend on the physical set size, suggesting that an attention-demanding serial search is necessary to detect a chase among distractors. Experiment 2 replicates these findings with a manipulation of attentional set size. In Experiment 3, we investigated the efficiency of chasing detection. Therefore, we contrasted the chasing detection task with a task that required the detection of identically colored objects. Search slopes for chasing objects were twice as large as search slopes for identically colored objects. In sum, these results show that chasing cues do not pop out of a display but require an effortful visual search through subsets of all possible items.
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Huff M, Papenmeier F. It is time to integrate: the temporal dynamics of object motion and texture motion integration in multiple object tracking. Vision Res 2012; 76:25-30. [PMID: 23079637 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In multiple-object tracking, participants can track several moving objects among identical distractors. It has recently been shown that the human visual system uses motion information in order to keep track of targets (St. Clair et al., Journal of Vision, 10(4), 1-13). Texture on the surface of an object that moved in the opposite direction to the object itself impaired tracking performance. In this study, we examined the temporal interval at which texture motion and object motion is integrated in dynamic scenes. In two multiple-object tracking experiments, we manipulated the texture motion on the objects: The texture either moved in the same direction as the objects, in the opposite direction, or alternated between the same and opposite direction at varying intervals. In Experiment 1, we show that the integration of object motion and texture motion can take place at intervals as short as 100 ms. In Experiment 2, we show that there is a linear relationship between the proportion of opposite texture motion and tracking performance. We suggest that texture motion might cause shifts in perceived object locations, thus influencing tracking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Spatial reference in multiple object tracking is available from configurations of dynamic objects and static reference objects. In three experiments, we studied the use of spatial reference in tracking and in relocating targets after abrupt scene rotations. Observers tracked 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 targets in 3D scenes, in which white balls moved on a square floor plane. The floor plane was either visible thus providing static spatial reference or it was invisible. Without scene rotations, the configuration of dynamic objects provided sufficient spatial reference and static spatial reference was not advantageous. In contrast, with abrupt scene rotations of 20°, static spatial reference supported in relocating targets. A wireframe floor plane lacking local visual detail was as effective as a checkerboard. Individually colored geometric forms as static reference objects provided no additional benefit either, even if targets were centered on these forms at the abrupt scene rotation. Individualizing the dynamic objects themselves by color for a brief interval around the abrupt scene rotation, however, did improve performance. We conclude that attentional tracking of moving targets proceeds within dynamic configurations but detached from static local background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Jahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Jahn G, Wendt J, Lotze M, Papenmeier F, Huff M. Brain activation during spatial updating and attentive tracking of moving targets. Brain Cogn 2011; 78:105-13. [PMID: 22206809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Keeping aware of the locations of objects while one is moving requires the updating of spatial representations. As long as the objects are visible, attentional tracking is sufficient, but knowing where objects out of view went in relation to one's own body involves an updating of spatial working memory. Here, multiple object tracking was employed to study spatial updating and its neural correlates. In a dynamic 3D-scene, targets moved among visually indistinguishable distractors. The targets and distractors either stayed visible during continuous viewpoint changes or they turned invisible. The parametric variation of tracking load revealed load-dependent activations of the intraparietal sulcus, the superior parietal lobule, and the lateral occipital cortex in response to the attentive tracking task. Viewpoint changes with invisible objects that demanded retention and updating produced load-dependent activation only in the precuneus in line with its presumed involvement in updating spatial working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Jahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Meyerhoff HS, Huff M, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Schwan S. Continuous visual cues trigger automatic spatial target updating in dynamic scenes. Cognition 2011; 121:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Meyerhoff HS, Papenmeier F, Jahn G, Huff M. Asymmetric attention foci during multiple object tracking: Evidence from distractor displacements. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Huff M, Papenmeier F, Meyerhoff H, Jahn G. Maintaining visual attention across abrupt spatiotemporal discontinuities: The role of feature information. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Huff M, Schwan S, Garsoffky B. When movement patterns turn into events: Implications for the recognition of spatial configurations from different viewpoints. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2011.541152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huff M, Schwan S, Garsoffky B. Recognizing Dynamic Scenes: Influence of Processing Orientation. Percept Mot Skills 2011; 112:429-39. [DOI: 10.2466/22.pms.112.2.429-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
From face recognition studies, it is known that instructions are able to change processing orientation of stimuli, leading to an impairment of recognition performance. The present study examined instructional influences on the visual recognition of dynamic scenes. A global processing orientation without any instruction was assumed to lead to highest recognition performance, whereas instructions focusing participants' attention on certain characteristics of the event should lead to a local processing orientation with an impairment of visual recognition performance as a direct consequence. Since the pattern of results provided evidence for this hypothesis, theoretical contributions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Huff M, Schwan S. Integrating information from two pictorial animations: Complexity and cognitive prerequisites influence performance. Appl Cognit Psychol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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