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Chan JA, Koster A, Eussen SJPM, Pinho MGM, Lakerveld J, Stehouwer CDA, Dagnelie PC, van der Kallen CJ, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Wesselius A, Bosma H. The association between the food environment and adherence to healthy diet quality: the Maastricht Study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1775-1783. [PMID: 37340803 PMCID: PMC10478064 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine if healthier neighbourhood food environments are associated with healthier diet quality. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study using linear regression models to analyse data from the Maastricht Study. Diet quality was assessed using data collected with a FFQ to calculate the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD). A buffer zone encompassing a 1000 m radius was created around each participant home address. The Food Environment Healthiness Index (FEHI) was calculated using a Kernel density analysis within the buffers of available food outlets. The association between the FEHI and the DHD score was analysed and adjusted for socio-economic variables. SETTING The region of Maastricht including the surrounding food retailers in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 7367 subjects aged 40-75 years in the south of the Netherlands. RESULTS No relationship was identified between either the FEHI (B = 0·62; 95 % CI = -2·54, 3·78) or individual food outlets, such as fast food (B = -0·07; 95 % CI = -0·20, 0·07) and diet quality. Similar null findings using the FEHI were identified at the 500 m (B = 0·95; 95 % CI = -0·85, 2·75) and 1500 m (B = 1·57; 95 % CI = -3·30, 6·44) buffer. There was also no association between the food environment and individual items of the DHD including fruits, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSION The food environment in the Maastricht area appeared marginally unhealthy, but the differences in the food environment were not related to the quality of food that participants reported as intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Alexander Chan
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northern California VA Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone JPM Eussen
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Gabriela M Pinho
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J van der Kallen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen MJ van Greevenbroek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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