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Ferreira-Cravo M, Moreira DC, Hermes-Lima M. Glutathione Depletion Disrupts Redox Homeostasis in an Anoxia-Tolerant Invertebrate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1197. [PMID: 37371926 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of endogenous antioxidants is a widespread phenomenon in animals that tolerate hypoxia/anoxia for extended periods. The identity of the mobilized antioxidant is often context-dependent and differs among species, tissues, and stresses. Thus, the contribution of individual antioxidants to the adaptation to oxygen deprivation remains elusive. This study investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) in the control of redox homeostasis under the stress of anoxia and reoxygenation in Helix aspersa, an animal model of anoxia tolerance. To do so, the total GSH (tGSH) pool was depleted with l-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO) before exposing snails to anoxia for 6 h. Then, the concentration of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and oxidative stress markers (TBARS and protein carbonyl) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were measured in foot muscle and hepatopancreas. BSO alone induced tGSH depletion by 59-75%, but no other changes happened in other variables, except for foot GSSG. Anoxia elicited a 110-114% increase in glutathione peroxidase in the foot; no other changes occurred during anoxia. However, GSH depletion before anoxia increased the GSSG/tGSH ratio by 84-90% in both tissues, which returned to baseline levels during reoxygenation. Our findings indicate that glutathione is required to withstand the oxidative challenge induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation in land snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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Josende ME, Nunes SM, Müller L, Ferreira-Cravo M, Monserrat JM, Ventura-Lima J. Circular Estimate Method (CEM) - a Simple Method to Estimate Caenorhabditis elegans Culture Densities in Liquid Medium. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:1. [PMID: 30675134 PMCID: PMC6334471 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nematodes are used in many different fields of science, including environmental and biomedical research. Counting and/or estimating nematode numbers is required during research. Although being one of the most common procedures, this apparently simple task is a time-consuming process, prone to errors and concerns regarding procedure, reliability, and accuracy. When an estimate is necessary, there is a traditional manual counting procedure that in this study it will be called as "drop method" (DM). This popular method that extrapolates an animal count from a small drop of fluid shows a high coefficient of variation. To solve this problem, the present study used the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to develop a new estimation procedure that was based on a relationship between area and volume of a larger sample. Results The new method showed a low coefficient of variation and a close relationship between estimated and real counts of the total number of nematodes in large C. elegans suspensions. Reactive oxygen concentration was measured as an example of method application and to allow comparison between methods. Conclusion The proposed method is accurate, facile and reproducible, requiring simple, inexpensive materials that make it an excellent alternative to the DM manual counting procedure. Although the DM is faster, its estimates are not as accurate or as precise as those of the new proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Estrella Josende
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Silvana Manske Nunes
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Larissa Müller
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil
| | - José Marìa Monserrat
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- 1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF) - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Monserrat JM, Seixas ALR, Ferreira-Cravo M, Bürguer-Mendonça M, Garcia SC, Kaufmann CG, Ventura-Lima J. Interference of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the measurement of lipid peroxidation in aquatic organisms through TBARS assay. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 140:103-108. [PMID: 28254719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) exhibit unique properties due their size and relative area, but the mechanisms and effects in the living organisms are yet to be unfold in their totality. Potential toxicity mechanisms concerning NM as carbon nanotubes include oxidative stress generation. Several fluorimetric and colorimetric methods have been systematically used to measure NM toxicity, and controversial results have been reported. One of the problems can be related to the interference effects induced by NM, leading to artifacts that can lead to misleading conclusions. In present study, it was performed in vitro assays with two aquatic species: the zebrafish Danio rerio and the polychaete Laeonereis acuta to evaluate the potential interference capacity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in a fluorometric method (TBARS assay) to measure lipid peroxidation. Obtained results indicated that gills and brain of zebrafish presented a lowered fluorescence only at extremely high concentrations (50 and 500mg/L). Determinations in anterior, middle, and posterior body regions of L. acuta showed a quite different pattern: high fluorescence at low SWCNT concentrations (0.5mg/L) and lowering at the highest (500mg/L). To eliminate matrix effect of biological samples, tests employing the standard for TBARS assay, 1,3,3-tetramethoxipropane, were run and the results showed again higher fluorescence values at low concentrations (0.5-5mg SWCNT/L), a technique artifact that could lead to misleading conclusions since higher fluorescence values implicate higher TBARS concentration, implying oxidative stress. Using the colorimetric FOX assay with cumene hydroperoxide as standard presented remarkable better results since no artifacts were observed in the same SWCNT concentration range that employed with the TBARS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB-FURG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanomateriais de Carbono (CNPq), Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Brazil.
| | - A L R Seixas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB-FURG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Brazil
| | - M Ferreira-Cravo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB-FURG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Brazil
| | - M Bürguer-Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB-FURG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Brazil
| | - S C Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Lab. de Toxicologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacéuticas, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - C G Kaufmann
- Departamento de Materiais, Lab. de Materiais Cerámicos, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - J Ventura-Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB-FURG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanomateriais de Carbono (CNPq), Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Brazil
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Ferreira-Cravo M, Ventura-Lima J, Sandrini JZ, Amado LL, Geracitano LA, Rebelo M, Bianchini A, Monserrat JM. Antioxidant responses in different body regions of the polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) exposed to copper. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72:388-393. [PMID: 18692896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity (TOSC) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in anterior (A), middle (M) and posterior (P) body regions of Laeonereis acuta after copper (Cu; 62.5 microg/l) exposure. A catalase (CAT) activity gradient observed in control group (lowest in A, highest in P) was not observed in Cu exposed group. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in A region of Cu group was higher than in A region of the control group. DNA damage (comet assay) was augmented in the A region of Cu group. Since copper accumulation was similar in the different body regions, sensitivity to copper in A regions seems to be related to lowest CAT activity. In sum, copper exposure lowered TOSC, a result that at least in part can be related to lowering of antioxidant enzymes like CAT. DNA damage was induced in the anterior region, where a lower CAT activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
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Ferreira-Cravo M, Welker A, Andrade Jr. R, Drew K, Hermes-Lima M. 15.P6. Physiological oxidative stress in the animal world. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hermes-Lima M, Welker A, Ferreira-Cravo M, Campos E. 15.2. Physiological oxidative stress and low oxygen. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monserrat JM, Martínez PE, Geracitano LA, Lund Amado L, Martinez Gaspar Martins C, Lopes Leães Pinho G, Soares Chaves I, Ferreira-Cravo M, Ventura-Lima J, Bianchini A. Pollution biomarkers in estuarine animals: critical review and new perspectives. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:221-234. [PMID: 17045848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent developments in monitoring toxicological responses in estuarine animals are analyzed, considering the biomarker responses to different classes of pollutants. The estuarine environment imposes stressful conditions to the organisms that inhabit it, and this situation can alter their sensitivity to many pollutants. The specificity of some biomarkers like metallothionein tissue concentration is discussed in virtue of its dependence on salinity, which is highly variable in estuaries. Examples of cholinesterase activity measurements are also provided and criteria to select sensitive enzymes to detect pesticides and toxins are discussed. Regarding non-specific biomarkers, toxic responses in terms of antioxidant defenses and/or oxidative damage are also considered in this review, focusing on invertebrate species. In addition, the presence of an antioxidant gradient along the body of the estuarine polychaete Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) and its relationship to different strategies, which deal with the generation of oxidative stress, is reviewed. Also, unusual antioxidant defenses against environmental pro-oxidants are discussed, including the mucus secreted by L. acuta. Disruption of osmoregulation by pollutants is of paramount importance in several estuarine species. In some cases such as in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus, there is a trade off between bioavailability of toxicants (e.g. metals) and their interaction with key enzymes such as Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase. Thus, the metal effect on osmoregulation is also discussed in the present review. Finally, field case studies with fish species like the croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Scianidae) are used to illustrate the application of DNA damage and immunosuppressive responses as potential biomarkers of complex mixture of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Monserrat
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil.
| | - Pablo E Martínez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (FURG), Brazil
| | - Laura A Geracitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (FURG), Brazil
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Ferreira-Cravo M, Piedras FR, Moraes TB, Ferreira JLR, de Freitas DPS, Machado MD, Geracitano LA, Monserrat JM. Antioxidant responses and reactive oxygen species generation in different body regions of the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae). Chemosphere 2007; 66:1367-74. [PMID: 16884763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the total antioxidant capacity (TOSC), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the different body regions of the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) sampled at non-polluted (NOPOL) and polluted (POL) sites from Lagoa dos Patos (Southern Brazil). Organisms collected at POL during summer showed similar (p>0.05) TOSC values along the body, but worms collected at NOPOL presented higher (p<0.05) TOSC values in the posterior (P) region in respect of anterior (A) region and middle (M) region. TOSC in the P region at NOPOL was higher (p<0.05) compared with the same body region of worms at POL. In summer, ROS concentration was higher in A and M regions of worms at POL in respect of the organisms at NOPOL. During winter all the regions showed higher ROS in worms sampled at POL. It was registered absence of season influence on LPO content, but in the P region at NOPOL in summer there were lower LPO levels compared with the others regions (p<0.05). In vitro assays showed that P region, despite a higher basal ROS, presented a higher competence to cope with pro-oxidants compared with A and M regions (p<0.05), corroborating the field results. A lower proteic sulfhydril content was observed in P in respect of the other regions (p<0.05) supporting the idea of a highest oxidant condition in this region. The results indicate that worms collected at the POL site are confronted to higher ROS concentrations, affecting its antioxidant capacity, a result that depends of body regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Cx. P. 474, CEP 96, 201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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