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Chozas M, Dashti A, Prieto-Pérez L, Pérez-Tanoira R, Cobo E, Bailo B, Del Palacio M, Hernández-Castro C, González-Barrio D, Carmena D, Köster PC. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Microsporidia) in HIV-positive patients in central Spain. Med Mycol 2023; 61:7110408. [PMID: 37024274 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are fungi-related eukaryotic intracellular parasites that opportunistically infect immunocompromised individuals such as those infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among them, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are the most clinically relevant species. We investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of microsporidial and protist infections in mostly immunocompetent HIV-positive patients in Madrid, Spain. A structured questionnaire was used to retrieve data on factors potentially associated with an increased risk of infection, including sexual attitudes and sex-risk behaviour. Faecal samples (n = 96) from 81 HIV-positive patients were collected and analysed by molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods. Two microsporidial pathogens were detected including E. bieneusi (2.5%, 95% CI: 0.3-8.6) and E. intestinalis (4.9%, 95% CI: 1.4-12.2). The two E. bieneusi isolates were identified as zoonotic genotype A. Among protists, Entamoeba dispar was the species most prevalently found (33.3%, 95% CI: 23.2-44.7), followed by Blastocystis sp. (19.8%, 95% CI: 11.7-30.1), Giardia duodenalis (13.6%, 95% CI: 7.0-23.0), and Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica (2.5%, 95% CI: 0.3-8.6 each). Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cystoisospora belli were not detected. Subtypes ST1 (70.6%, 12/17) and ST3 (29.4%, 5/17) were identified within Blastocystis sp., sub-assemblages AII and BIII (50%, 1/2 each) within G. duodenalis, and C. parvum and canine-adapted C. canis (50%, 1/2 each) within Cryptosporidium spp. Microsporidial and protist parasites were frequent in well-controlled, mostly immunocompetent HIV-positive patients and should be included in diagnostic algorithms when diarrhoea is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Chozas
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto-Pérez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Meco, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Alcalá de Henares University, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena Cobo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bailo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Del Palacio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández-Castro
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Parasitology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Corporation for the Study of Tropical Pathologies, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David González-Barrio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Catalán N, Valencia M, Del Palacio M, Fernández-Jara J, Calvo E. Isolated spinal accessory nerve mononeuropathy causing winging scapula: an unusual peripheral nervous system manifestation of dengue fever. JSES Int 2020; 4:491-494. [PMID: 32939473 PMCID: PMC7479028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Catalán
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valencia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Del Palacio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Jara
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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