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Jana B, Kaczmarek MM, Romaniewicz M, Brzozowska M. Profile for mRNA transcript abundances in the pig endometrium where inflammation was induced by Escherichia coli. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 232:106824. [PMID: 34403834 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uterine inflammation is a common reproductive disorder in domestic animals, leading to disturbances in many reproductive processes and economic losses. More information on inflammatory pathways, however, is needed to understand mechanisms of uterine inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate transcriptomic profiles of the pig endometrium affected by inflammation. On day 3 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = initial day of study), saline or Escherichia coli suspension were injected into uterine horns. In endometrial tissues collected 8 days later, microarray analysis results indicated there were 189 differentially abundant mRNA transcripts (DEGs, 95 in relatively greater and 94 in lesser abundance) after saline injections compared with samples where there was severe acute inflammation. Relative abundance of mRNA transcripts for proteins assigned to inflammatory response, movement of phagocytes, quantity of phagocytes, leukocyte migration and adhesion of immune cells and many other functions related to inflammation were different in the Escherichia coli-treated endometrium than in samples from gilts treated with saline. Among others, S100A9, SLC11A1, CCL15, CCL3L3, CCR1, CD48, CD163, THBS1, KIT, ITGB3, JAK3 and NFKB2 mRNA transcripts were in relatively greater abundance and there were those in relatively lesser abundance including IL24, FGG, SST, CXCL16 and CREB. In this study, for the first time, there was detection of alterations in the transcriptome of the inflamed pig endometrium which may be an important finding for maintaining uterine homeostasis and functions. Results form the basis for future studies focusing on regulation of uterine inflammation in animals and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniewicz
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Brzozowska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Kaczmarek MM, Reliszko ZP, Szuszkiewicz J, Nitkiewicz A, Guzewska MM, Myszczynski K, Romaniewicz M, Sikora M, Kajko M, Heifetz Y. Profiling circulating microRNAs in the serum of pregnant and non-pregnant pigs reveals a plethora of reproductive status-dependent microRNAs. Animal 2021; 15:100182. [PMID: 33640292 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating, non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to be powerful pathophysiological indicators of pregnancy in animals and humans. Since their discovery, it is known that miRNAs can take part in numerous biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation during early embryonic development and establishment of pregnancy. Our recent studies have indicated that maternal blood can carry miRNAs reported previously at the embryo-maternal interface in pigs. To expand the scope of our research, we tested the hypothesis that miRNAs previously identified in conceptuses, trophoblasts, endometrium and uterine lumen-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected before Day 20 of pregnancy can show reproductive status-dependent profiles in the serum of cyclic and pregnant crossbred pigs. Custom-designed TaqMan arrays, multiplex real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time RT-PCR allowed us to identify a number of reproductive status-dependent miRNAs in serum samples collected from pigs during the estrous cycle or pregnancy (Days 16 and 20). We found that serum samples were enriched with miRNAs involved in processes important during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, e.g. cell sensitivity and viability, angiogenesis, embryonic cell proliferation and differentiation. Further validation revealed different abundance of ssc-miR-143-3p and ssc-miR-125b in pregnant and non-pregnant animals and correlation of ssc-miR-125b levels with litter size. In addition, analyzed serum samples contained both EVs and Argonaute2 proteins, which are known to be involved in miRNA transportation and intercellular communication. In summary, we identified several circulating miRNAs that differ in abundance between cyclic and pregnant animals and could serve as potential indicators of reproductive status in pigs during breeding management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kaczmarek
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Z P Reliszko
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Szuszkiewicz
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Nitkiewicz
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M M Guzewska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Myszczynski
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Romaniewicz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Sikora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Kajko
- VET-COM, 10-237 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Y Heifetz
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Bossowska-Nowicka M, Mielcarska MB, Romaniewicz M, Kaczmarek MM, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Struzik J, Grodzik M, Gieryńska MM, Toka FN, Szulc-Dąbrowska L. Ectromelia virus suppresses expression of cathepsins and cystatins in conventional dendritic cells to efficiently execute the replication process. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 31077130 PMCID: PMC6509786 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cathepsins are a group of endosomal proteases present in many cells including dendritic cells (DCs). The activity of cathepsins is regulated by their endogenous inhibitors – cystatins. Cathepsins are crucial to antigen processing during viral and bacterial infections, and as such are a prerequisite to antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules. Due to the involvement of DCs in both innate and adaptive immune responses, and the quest to understand the impact of poxvirus infection on host cells, we investigated the influence of ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection on cathepsin and cystatin levels in murine conventional DCs (cDCs). ECTV is a poxvirus that has evolved many mechanisms to avoid host immune response and is able to replicate productively in DCs. Results Our results showed that ECTV-infection of JAWS II DCs and primary murine GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells down-regulated both mRNA and protein of cathepsin B, L and S, and cystatin B and C, particularly during the later stages of infection. Moreover, the activity of cathepsin B, L and S was confirmed to be diminished especially at later stages of infection in JAWS II cells. Consequently, ECTV-infected DCs had diminished ability to endocytose and process a soluble antigen. Close examination of cellular protein distribution showed that beginning from early stages of infection, the remnants of cathepsin L and cystatin B co-localized and partially co-localized with viral replication centers (viral factories), respectively. Moreover, viral yield increased in cDCs treated with siRNA against cathepsin B, L or S and subsequently infected with ECTV. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that infection of cDCs with ECTV suppresses cathepsins and cystatins, and alters their cellular distribution which impairs the cDC function. We propose this as an additional viral strategy to escape immune responses, enabling the virus to replicate effectively in infected cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1471-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda B Mielcarska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniewicz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina P Gregorczyk-Zboroch
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M Gieryńska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix N Toka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
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Bossowska-Nowicka M, Mielcarska MB, Kaczmarek MM, Romaniewicz M, Struzik J, Toka FN, Szulc-Dabrowska L. Ectromelia virus suppresses cathepsins and cystatins expression at both mRNA and protein levels in dendritic cells. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.126.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cathepsins belong to cysteine proteases and play essential roles in processing of internalized peptides during antigen presentation in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Function of cathepsins is regulated by cystatins – endogenous protein inhibitors. Viruses, such as poxviruses, have evolved many mechanisms to escape immune responses after infection. Our studies are focused on ectromelia virus (ECTV, a poxvirus closely related to variola virus, VARV – a causative agent of smallpox), and its influence on cathepsins or cystatins. Our results show that ECTV down-regulates gene and protein expression of selected cathepsins and cystatins in infected murine JAWS II dendritic cells (DCs) and GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells (GM-BM), composed of conventional DCs and macrophages. Moreover, the ability to endocytose and process a soluble antigen is reduced in JAWS II and GM-BM cells during ECTV infection. After knockdown of cathepsins and cystatins using siRNA in JAWS II DCs, the virus titer increases when compared with control cells. The inhibition of cathepsins and cystatins together with elevated virus titers during the absence of these proteases may be a viral strategy to escape immune responses and simultaneously enable the virus to replicate effectively in infected cells. Importantly, defining the poxvirus-host interactions, including lysosomal proteases, may lead to development of potential therapeutic targets or vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika M. Kaczmarek
- 2Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniewicz
- 2Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Justyna Struzik
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Felix Ngosa Toka
- 3Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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