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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Šimek M, Čepa M, Ondrej M, Nešporová K, Velebný V. The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV-irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1694-1705. [PMID: 37443444 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV-induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV-related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy and LC-MS/MS we compared the naturally sun-exposed (SE), sun-protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB-exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV-irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lehká K, Starigazdová J, Mrázek J, Nešporová K, Šimek M, Pavlík V, Chmelař J, Čepa M, Barrios-Llerena ME, Kocurková A, Kriváková E, Koukalová L, Kubala L, Velebný V. An in vitro model that mimics the foreign body response in the peritoneum: Study of the bioadhesive properties of HA-based materials. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120701. [PMID: 36925239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A cascade of reactions known as the foreign body response (FBR) follows the implantation of biomaterials leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around the implant and subsequent health complications. The severity of the FBR is driven mostly by the physicochemical characteristics of implanted material, the method and place of implantation, and the degree of immune system activation. Here we present an in vitro model for assessing new materials with respect to their potential to induce a FBR in the peritoneum. The model is based on evaluating protein sorption and cell adhesion on the implanted material. We tested our model on the free-standing films prepared from hyaluronan derivatives with different hydrophobicity, swelling ratio, and rate of solubilization. The proteomic analysis of films incubated in the mouse peritoneum showed that the presence of fibrinogen was driving the cell adhesion. Neither the film surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity nor the quantity of adsorbed proteins were decisive for the induction of the long-term cell adhesion leading to the FBR, while the dissolution rate of the material proved to be a crucial factor. Our model thus helps determine the probability of a FBR to materials implanted in the peritoneum while limiting the need for in vivo animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lehká
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starigazdová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mrázek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matěj Šimek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chmelař
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čepa
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anna Kocurková
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriváková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Koukalová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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Pavlík V, Machalová V, Čepa M, Šínová R, Šafránková B, Kulhánek J, Drmota T, Kubala L, Huerta-Ángeles G, Velebný V, Nešporová K. Retinoic Acid Grafted to Hyaluronic Acid Activates Retinoid Gene Expression and Removes Cholesterol from Cellular Membranes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020200. [PMID: 35204701 PMCID: PMC8961547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a potent ligand that regulates gene expression and is used to treat several skin disorders. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was previously conjugated with atRA (HA-atRA) to obtain a novel amphiphilic compound. HA-atRA forms micelles that incorporate hydrophobic molecules and facilitate their transport through the skin. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of HA-atRA on gene expression in skin cells and to compare it with that of unbound atRA. Gene expression was investigated using microarrays and a luciferase system with a canonical atRA promoter. HA-atRA upregulated gene expression similarly to atRA. However, HA-atRA activated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes, unlike atRA. Further investigation using HPLC and filipin III staining suggested that the treated cells induced cholesterol synthesis to replenish the cholesterol removed from the cells by HA-atRA. HA modified with oleate (HA-C18:1) removed cholesterol from the cells similarly to HA-atRA, suggesting that the cholesterol removal stemmed from the amphiphilic nature of the two derivatives. HA-atRA induces retinoid signaling. Thus, HA-atRA could be used to treat skin diseases, such as acne and psoriasis, where the combined action of atRA signaling and anti-inflammatory cholesterol removal may be potentially beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Pavlík
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronika Machalová
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Martin Čepa
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Romana Šínová
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Šafránková
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Jaromír Kulhánek
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomáš Drmota
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gloria Huerta-Ángeles
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
| | - Kristina Nešporová
- R&D Department, Contipro, a.s., 562 04 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (M.Č.); (R.Š.); (B.Š.); (J.K.); (T.D.); (G.H.-Á.); (V.V.); (K.N.)
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Pavlík V, Sobotka L, Pejchal J, Čepa M, Nešporová K, Arenbergerová M, Mrózková A, Velebný V. Silver distribution in chronic wounds and the healing dynamics of chronic wounds treated with dressings containing silver and octenidine. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21580. [PMID: 33908652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although silver is an efficient antimicrobial and is a widely used antiseptic in wound healing, previous studies have reported the cytotoxic in vitro effects of silver dressings. Moreover, few studies have addressed the distribution of silver in chronic wounds. The study compares the healing of chronic wounds treated with a standard-of-care silver dressing (Ag-CMC) and a dressing containing antiseptic octenidine (OCT-HA). Biopsies were taken from two wound areas before the commencement of treatment (baseline), after 2 weeks and after 6 weeks (the end of the study). We analyzed the histopathologic wound-healing score, silver distribution, and expression of selected genes. The wound-healing score improved significantly in the wounded area treated with OCT-HA after 2 weeks compared to the baseline and the Ag-CMC. The Ag-CMC wound areas improved after 6 weeks compared to the baseline. Moreover, collagen maturation and decreases in the granulocyte and macrophage counts were faster in the OCT-HA parts. Treatment with OCT-HA resulted in less wound slough. The silver, visualized via autometallography, penetrated approximately 2 mm into the wound tissue and associated around capillaries and ECM fibers, and was detected in phagocytes. The metallothionein gene expression was elevated in the Ag-CMC wound parts. This exploratory study determined the penetration of silver into human chronic wounds and changes in the distribution thereof during treatment. We observed that silver directly affects the cells in the wound and elevates the metallothionein gene expression. Octenidine and hyaluronan dressings provide a suitable alternative to silver and carboxymethyl cellulose dressings without supplying silver to the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Pavlík
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Sobotka
- Third Department of Medicine, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty - Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, The University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čepa
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Nešporová
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Arenbergerová
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Mrózková
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
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Starigazdová J, Nešporová K, Čepa M, Šínová R, Šmejkalová D, Huerta-Angeles G, Velebný V. In vitro investigation of hyaluronan-based polymeric micelles for drug delivery into the skin: The internalization pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105168. [PMID: 31783157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In our previous research, we concluded that polymeric micelles based on hyaluronic acid are able to penetrate into the deeper layers of skin tissue. The aim of this work was to characterize the mechanisms involved in the uptake by skin cells, which is important for understanding the influence of the carrier composition on the drug penetration. To reach this goal, we used micelles encapsulating curcumin made of oleyl-hyaluronan (HAC18:1) and hexyl-hyaluronan (HAC6) covalently linked with fluorescent Nile Blue. This labeling enabled us to track the micelle-forming derivative and also micelle payload into the keratinocytes and fibroblasts by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The regulation of both the passive and active cellular uptake was used to determine the mechanism of micelle internalization. Furthermore, the changes of membrane fluidity were measured for these derivatives by FRAP. Using these methods we concluded that carriers entered the cells using both active and passive transport. Passive transport was facilitated by the affinity of the carrier to the cell membrane, especially in the case of HAC18:1 carrier, which changed significantly the membrane fluidity. The active transport was dependent on cell type, but mainly driven by the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Surprisingly, the main HA receptor, CD44, was not involved in the uptake. We can conclude that these carrier systems could be used for the local transport of active substances or hydrophobic drugs into the skin cells using the advantage of passive transport of oleyl-HA derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Starigazdová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Čepa
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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Hlobilová M, Pavlík V, Machalová V, Čepa M, Janoušek J, Nešporová K, Velebný V. 151 Effect of L-carnitine uptake in skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Šmejkalová D, Muthný T, Nešporová K, Hermannová M, Achbergerová E, Huerta-Angeles G, Svoboda M, Čepa M, Machalová V, Luptáková D, Velebný V. Hyaluronan polymeric micelles for topical drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 156:86-96. [PMID: 27842856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized materials offer promising strategy for topical drug delivery due to their enhancing effect on drug percutaneous transport across the stratum corneum barrier. In this work, polymeric micelles made from hydrophobized hyaluronic acid (HA) were probed for skin delivery. Compared to non-polymeric micelle solutions containing similar drug amount, in vitro skin penetration analysis indicated 3 times larger deposition of drug in the epidermis and 6 times larger drug deposition in the dermis after 5h of topical treatment in Franz diffusion cells. The drug deposition was further increased with prolonged time of topical treatment. Laser confocal microscopy revealed the accumulation of both, the HA forming the vehicle and the payload, in the epidermis and dermis. Although fluorescent labeling of the HA would suggest co-transport of the HA and the drug, loading FRET pair dyes in the micellar core clearly demonstrated gradual micelle disruption with increasing skin depth. Transcellular penetration was the predominant pathway for the loaded drug. The HA polymeric micelles also demonstrated increased bioactivity of loaded compound in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the loaded micelles were found to be stable in cream formulations and thus they have great potential for topical applications for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina Nešporová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Eva Achbergerová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marek Svoboda
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical-Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čepa
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominika Luptáková
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, BioMed Martin, Slovakia
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