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Forster VJ, Aronson M, Zhang C, Chung J, Sudhaman S, Galati MA, Kelly J, Negm L, Ercan AB, Stengs L, Durno C, Edwards M, Komosa M, Oldfield LE, Nunes NM, Pedersen S, Wellum J, Siddiqui I, Bianchi V, Weil BR, Fox VL, Pugh TJ, Kamihara J, Tabori U. Biallelic EPCAM deletions induce tissue-specific DNA repair deficiency and cancer predisposition. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:69. [PMID: 38467830 PMCID: PMC10928233 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) caused by germline homozygous EPCAM deletion leading to tissue-specific loss of MSH2. Through the use of patient-derived cells and organoid technologies, we performed stepwise in vitro differentiation of colonic and brain organoids from reprogrammed EPCAMdel iPSC derived from patient fibroblasts. Differentiation of iPSC to epithelial-colonic organoids exhibited continuous increased EPCAM expression and hypermethylation of the MSH2 promoter. This was associated with loss of MSH2 expression, increased mutational burden, MMRD signatures and MS-indel accumulation, the hallmarks of MMRD. In contrast, maturation into brain organoids and examination of blood and fibroblasts failed to show similar processes, preserving MMR proficiency. The combined use of iPSC, organoid technologies and functional genomics analyses highlights the potential of cutting-edge cellular and molecular analysis techniques to define processes controlling tumorigenesis and uncovers a new paradigm of tissue-specific MMRD, which affects the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Forster
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre, Sinai Health System and Faculty of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Zhang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Chung
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Sudhaman
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M A Galati
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Kelly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Negm
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A B Ercan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Stengs
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Durno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Edwards
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Komosa
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - N M Nunes
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Pedersen
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Wellum
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Siddiqui
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Bianchi
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B R Weil
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V L Fox
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T J Pugh
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Kamihara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - U Tabori
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Chung J, Negm L, Bianchi V, Stengs L, Das A, Liu ZA, Sudhaman S, Aronson M, Brunga L, Edwards M, Forster V, Komosa M, Davidson S, Lees J, Tomboc P, Samuel D, Farah R, Bendel A, Knipstein J, Schneider KW, Reschke A, Zelcer S, Zorzi A, McWilliams R, Foulkes WD, Bedgood R, Peterson L, Rhode S, Van Damme A, Scheers I, Gardner S, Robbins G, Vanan MI, Meyn MS, Auer R, Leach B, Burke C, Villani A, Malkin D, Bouffet E, Huang A, Taylor MD, Durno C, Shlien A, Hawkins C, Getz G, Maruvka YE, Tabori U. Genomic Microsatellite Signatures Identify Germline Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Risk of Cancer Onset. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:766-777. [PMID: 36240479 PMCID: PMC10489375 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) is crucial for tumor management and early detection in patients with the cancer predisposition syndrome constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD). Current diagnostic tools are cumbersome and inconsistent both in childhood cancers and in determining germline MMRD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We developed and analyzed a functional Low-pass Genomic Instability Characterization (LOGIC) assay to detect MMRD. The diagnostic performance of LOGIC was compared with that of current established assays including tumor mutational burden, immunohistochemistry, and the microsatellite instability panel. LOGIC was then applied to various normal tissues of patients with CMMRD with comprehensive clinical data including age of cancer presentation. RESULTS Overall, LOGIC was 100% sensitive and specific in detecting MMRD in childhood cancers (N = 376). It was more sensitive than the microsatellite instability panel (14%, P = 4.3 × 10-12), immunohistochemistry (86%, P = 4.6 × 10-3), or tumor mutational burden (80%, P = 9.1 × 10-4). LOGIC was able to distinguish CMMRD from other cancer predisposition syndromes using blood and saliva DNA (P < .0001, n = 277). In normal cells, MMRDness scores differed between tissues (GI > blood > brain), increased over time in the same individual, and revealed genotype-phenotype associations within the mismatch repair genes. Importantly, increased MMRDness score was associated with younger age of first cancer presentation in individuals with CMMRD (P = 2.2 × 10-5). CONCLUSION LOGIC was a robust tool for the diagnosis of MMRD in multiple cancer types and in normal tissues. LOGIC may inform therapeutic cancer decisions, provide rapid diagnosis of germline MMRD, and support tailored surveillance for individuals with CMMRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiil Chung
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Logine Negm
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucie Stengs
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anirban Das
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sumedha Sudhaman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Forster
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Davidson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Lees
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Tomboc
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | | | - Roula Farah
- Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anne Bendel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jeffrey Knipstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kami Wolfe Schneider
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Agnes Reschke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Shayna Zelcer
- Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Zorzi
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - William D. Foulkes
- Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Cancer Genetics Program, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lindsay Peterson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Sara Rhode
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - An Van Damme
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheers
- Universite Catholique de Louvain La Faculte de Medecine, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sharon Gardner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Gabriel Robbins
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Magimairajan Issai Vanan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M. Stephen Meyn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Rebecca Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brandie Leach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carol Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Durno
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yosef E. Maruvka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, The Lokey Center for Life Science and Engineering, TECHNION – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Apolónio JD, Dias JS, Fernandes MT, Komosa M, Lipman T, Zhang CH, Leão R, Lee D, Nunes NM, Maia AT, Morera JL, Vicioso L, Tabori U, Castelo-Branco P. THOR is a targetable epigenetic biomarker with clinical implications in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:178. [PMID: 36529814 PMCID: PMC9759897 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Early BC is potentially curable, but the mortality rates still observed among BC patients demonstrate the urgent need of novel and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic options. Limitless self-renewal is a hallmark of cancer, governed by telomere maintenance. In around 95% of BC cases, this process is achieved by telomerase reactivation through upregulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The hypermethylation of a specific region within the hTERT promoter, termed TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR) has been associated with increased hTERT expression in cancer. However, its biological role and clinical potential in BC have never been studied to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of THOR as a biomarker and explore the functional impact of THOR methylation status in hTERT upregulation in BC. RESULTS THOR methylation status in BC was assessed by pyrosequencing on discovery and validation cohorts. We found that THOR is significantly hypermethylated in malignant breast tissue when compared to benign tissue (40.23% vs. 12.81%, P < 0.0001), differentiating malignant tumor from normal tissue from the earliest stage of disease. Using a reporter assay, the addition of unmethylated THOR significantly reduced luciferase activity by an average 1.8-fold when compared to the hTERT core promoter alone (P < 0.01). To further investigate its biological impact on hTERT transcription, targeted THOR demethylation was performed using novel technology based on CRISPR-dCas9 system and significant THOR demethylation was achieved. Cells previously demethylated on THOR region did not develop a histologic cancer phenotype in in vivo assays. Additional studies are required to validate these observations and to unravel the causality between THOR hypermethylation and hTERT upregulation in BC. CONCLUSIONS THOR hypermethylation is an important epigenetic mark in breast tumorigenesis, representing a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in BC. We revealed that THOR acts as a repressive regulatory element of hTERT and that its hypermethylation is a relevant mechanism for hTERT upregulation in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dias Apolónio
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - João S. Dias
- University Hospital Center of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica Teotónio Fernandes
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XEscola Superior de Saúde (ESSUAlg), Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Martin Komosa
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tatiana Lipman
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Cindy H. Zhang
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ricardo Leão
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Donghyun Lee
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nuno Miguel Nunes
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ana-Teresa Maia
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XCenter for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS@RISE), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Vicioso
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Uri Tabori
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.7157.40000 0000 9693 350XAlgarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal ,grid.421010.60000 0004 0453 9636Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Negm L, Nobre L, Bennett J, Chung J, Fernandez N, Johnson M, Aronson M, Zhang C, Komosa M, Bianchi V, Stengs L, Lim-Fat MJ, Keith J, Tsang D, Gao A, Munoz D, Nguyen L, Das S, Levine A, Das A, Hawkins C, Tabori U. DNAR-09. THE IMPACT OF MISMATCH REPAIR DEFICIENCY ON HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS; A REPORT FROM THE IRRDC AND THE GLIOMA TASKFORCE. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism resulting in universal hypermutation and aggressive cancers that are resistant to chemoradiation yet sensitive to immunotherapy. MMRD mutations can occur somatically or be inherited as a part of Lynch Syndrome or Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency (CMMRD). Although MMRD affects children, adolescents and young adults (CAYA, ages 0-40) with gliomas, its prevalence and impact of germline inheritance is unknown. Given that high microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key characteristic of MMRD, we previously developed a robust low-coverage whole genome-based tool to quantify MSI, which allows for accurate MMRD detection. We are therefore performing a large-scale MMRD screen of CAYA high grade gliomas (HGGs) and utilizing data from the International Replication Repair Deficiency Consortium (IRRDC) to determine the impact of germline mutations in MMRD gliomas. Ongoing data on 346 HGGs from CAYA patients reveals that MMRD is identified in 6% of HGGs and is not present in tumors with pediatric type alterations. Moreover, of MMRD tumors with IDH1 mutations, none harbor 1p/19q co-deletions. Of patients with available information, all are diagnosed with Lynch Syndrome (69%) or CMMRD (31%), with all Lynch Syndrome diagnoses occurring in patients above 18 years of age. Complementary data from the IRRDC on 113 MMRD patients with gliomas reveal that the median age of glioma is 9.7 and 17.5 years in CMMRD and Lynch Syndrome, respectively (p < 0.001). Strikingly, CMMRD gliomas are enriched for secondary polymerase mutations (60%, p < 0.001) and exhibit ultra-hypermutation, while MMRD gliomas with Lynch Syndrome are enriched for IDH1 mutations (32%, p < 0.025) and harbor a lower mutational burden. Our data reveal a high prevalence of MMRD in CAYA HGGs with alarming impact of germline predisposition. These data can support universal screening for MMRD in high grade glioma diagnostics and identify patients for precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logine Negm
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Julie Bennett
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jiil Chung
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | - Melyssa Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Cindy Zhang
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Lucie Stengs
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Mary Jane Lim-Fat
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Derek Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | - Lananh Nguyen
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Anirban Das
- Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , USA
| | - Uri Tabori
- Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
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5
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Bennett J, Nobre L, Sheth J, Ryall S, Fang K, Johnson M, Negm L, Chung J, Komosa M, Nunes N, Lim-Fat MJ, Perry J, Sahgal A, Detsky J, Bouffet E, Hazrati LN, Dirks P, Ertl-Wagner B, Kongkham P, Zadeh G, Mason W, Cusimano M, Das S, Gao A, Tsang D, Nguyen L, Laperriere N, Keith J, Munoz D, Tabori U, Hawkins C. EPID-25. THE CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF GLIOMAS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Gliomas in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are commonly treated with a standard chemo-radiation approach. Molecular alterations have not been comprehensively described to date.
METHODS
We compiled a multi-institutional cohort of patients diagnosed with glioma between 15-39.9 years over 20 years. Molecular analysis, therapeutic data and outcome was collected. For specific alterations, analysis included patients aged 0-39.9 years.
RESULTS
A total of 1900 patients with 876 AYA gliomas were included. Ongoing analysis reveals genetic alterations in 95% of available tumours. IDH p.R132H was found in 49% of tumours, while non-canonical IDH mutations were found in 7%. Paediatric-type mutations were found in 33% of AYA tumours with IDH-WT GBM accounting for the remaining 11%. The most common paediatric alterations in AYAs included BRAF p.V600E (11%) and FGFR alterations (7%) while BRAF fusions, H3 p.K27M and H3.3 p.G34R were rarely observed (4%, 4% and 1% respectively). BRAF fused tumours with non-canonical binding partners were enriched in AYAs. Analysis of BRAF-V600E gliomas between ages 0-40 revealed increased tendency for malignant tumours in patients > 20 years suggesting malignant transformation possibly due to higher rate of secondary hits. This resulted in worse overall-survival for AYA patients with BRAF-V600E glioma when compared to children under 20 years (p=0.0032). Ten-year OS of 100%, 90% and 95% was seen for BRAF fused, BRAF-V600E and FGFR-altered AYA low grade glioma respectively, compared to 14% and 25% for BRAF-V600E and FGFR-altered high grade glioma. In contrast, continuous decline was observed in the IDH-mutant gliomas with 10-year OS of 50% which declined to 29% at 15 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Gliomas in AYA often have non-canonical alterations that may evade standard molecular analysis. They are enriched for paediatric-type alterations with distinct molecularly-based outcomes. These tumours may respond to targeted inhibitors and would benefit from comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bennett
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
| | - Karen Fang
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , USA
| | | | - Logine Negm
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jiil Chung
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Nuno Nunes
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
| | - Mary Jane Lim-Fat
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | | | - Arjun Sahgal
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada , Toronto , Canada
| | | | - Peter Dirks
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Wilkins Family Chair in Brain Tumor Research , Toronto , Canada
| | - Warren Mason
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Center , Toronto , Canada
| | | | - Sunit Das
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Derek Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lananh Nguyen
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Julia Keith
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Uri Tabori
- Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , USA
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6
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Bennett J, Nobre L, Sheth J, Ryall S, Fang K, Johnson M, Negm L, Chung J, Komosa M, Nunes NM, Fat MJL, Perry J, Sahgal A, Detsky J, Bouffet E, Naz-Hazrati L, Dirks P, Ertl-Wagner B, Kongkham P, Zadeh G, Mason W, Climans S, Cusimano M, Das S, Gao A, Tsang D, Nguyen L, Laperriere N, Keith J, Munoz D, Tabori U, Hawkins C. LGG-41. The clinical and molecular landscape of gliomas in adolescents and young adults. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9165411 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Gliomas in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are commonly treated with a standard chemo-radiation approach based on data from adults. The clinical impact of paediatric-type alterations in these tumours is unknown. METHODS: We compiled a multi-institutional cohort of patients diagnosed with glioma between 15-39.9 years over 20 years. Complete molecular analysis, therapeutic data and outcome was collected. For specific alterations, analysis included patients aged 0-39.9 years. RESULTS: A total of 1900 patients with 876 AYA gliomas were included. Ongoing analysis reveals genetic alterations in 95% of available tumours. IDH-mutant tumours account for only 53%, while paediatric-type mutations were found in 35% of AYA tumours with IDH-WT GBM accounting for the remaining 12%. The most common paediatric alterations in AYAs included BRAF p.V600E (11%) and FGFR alterations (6%) while BRAF fusions, H3 p.K27M and H3.3 p.G34R were rarely observed (4%, 4% and 1% respectively). BRAF fused tumours with non-canonical binding partners were enriched in AYAs. Analysis of BRAF-V600E gliomas between ages 0-40 revealed increased tendency for malignant tumours in patients >20 years suggesting malignant transformation possibly due to higher rate of secondary hits including TP53, CDKN2A and ATRX mutations. This resulted in worse overall-survival for AYA patients with BRAF-V600E glioma when compared to children under 20 years (p=0.0032). Ten-year OS of 100%, 90% and 95% was seen for BRAF fused, BRAF-V600E and FGFR-altered AYA low grade glioma respectively, compared to 14% and 25% for BRAF-V600E and FGFR-altered high grade glioma. In contrast, continuous decline was observed in the IDH-mutant gliomas with 10-year OS of 50% which declined to 29% at 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: Gliomas in AYA are enriched for paediatric-type alterations with distinct molecularly-based outcomes. As these tumours carry different outcomes than childhood glioma and may respond to targeted inhibitors, AYA gliomas would benefit from comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bennett
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Karen Fang
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Logine Negm
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jiil Chung
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Nuno M Nunes
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - James Perry
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Peter Dirks
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Paul Kongkham
- University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Warren Mason
- University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Seth Climans
- London Health Sciences Center , London, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Sunit Das
- Unity Health , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Andrew Gao
- University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Derek Tsang
- University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | - Julia Keith
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Uri Tabori
- The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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7
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Lee DD, Komosa M, Sudhaman S, Leão R, Zhang CH, Apolonio JD, Hermanns T, Wild PJ, Klocker H, Nassiri F, Zadeh G, Diplas BH, Yan H, Gallinger S, Pugh TJ, Ramaswamy V, Taylor MD, Castelo-Branco P, Nunes NM, Tabori U. Dual role of allele-specific DNA hypermethylation within the TERT promoter in cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146915. [PMID: 34720085 DOI: 10.1172/jci146915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of telomerase in human cancer is achieved by various alterations within the TERT promoter, including cancer-specific DNA hypermethylation of the TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR). However, the impact of allele-specific DNA methylation within the TERT promoter on gene transcription remains incompletely understood. Using allele-specific next-generation sequencing, we screened a large cohort of normal and tumor tissues (n = 652) from 10 cancer types and identified that differential allelic methylation (DAM) of THOR is restricted to cancerous tissue and commonly observed in major cancer types. THOR-DAM was more common in adult cancers, which develop through multiple stages over time, than in childhood brain tumors. Furthermore, THOR-DAM was especially enriched in tumors harboring the activating TERT promoter mutations (TPMs). Functional studies revealed that allele-specific gene expression of TERT requires hypomethylation of the core promoter, both in TPM and TERT WT cancers. However, the expressing allele with hypomethylated core TERT promoter universally exhibits hypermethylation of THOR, while the nonexpressing alleles are either hypermethylated or hypomethylated throughout the promoter. Together, our findings suggest a dual role for allele-specific DNA methylation within the TERT promoter in the regulation of TERT expression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun D Lee
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumedha Sudhaman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Leão
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cindy H Zhang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joana D Apolonio
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bill H Diplas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas (FMCB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Miguel Nunes
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Donovan LK, Delaidelli A, Joseph SK, Bielamowicz K, Fousek K, Holgado BL, Manno A, Srikanthan D, Gad AZ, Van Ommeren R, Przelicki D, Richman C, Ramaswamy V, Daniels C, Pallota JG, Douglas T, Joynt ACM, Haapasalo J, Nor C, Vladoiu MC, Kuzan-Fischer CM, Garzia L, Mack SC, Varadharajan S, Baker ML, Hendrikse L, Ly M, Kharas K, Balin P, Wu X, Qin L, Huang N, Stucklin AG, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Luu B, Suarez R, De Antonellis P, Michealraj A, Rastan A, Hegde M, Komosa M, Sirbu O, Kumar SA, Abdullaev Z, Faria CC, Yip S, Hukin J, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Aldape K, Daugaard M, Maris JM, Sorensen PH, Ahmed N, Taylor MD. Author Correction: Locoregional delivery of CAR T cells to the cerebrospinal fluid for treatment of metastatic medulloblastoma and ependymoma. Nat Med 2021; 27:1117-1120. [PMID: 34045740 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Donovan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Bielamowicz
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Fousek
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Borja L Holgado
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Manno
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dilakshan Srikanthan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Z Gad
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randy Van Ommeren
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Przelicki
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Richman
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonelle G Pallota
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tajana Douglas
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa C M Joynt
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joonas Haapasalo
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina Nor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia M Kuzan-Fischer
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Brain Tumour Program, Children's Cancer Centre and Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srinidhi Varadharajan
- Brain Tumour Program, Children's Cancer Centre and Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew L Baker
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liam Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Kharas
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polina Balin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Qin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ning Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Guerreiro Stucklin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raul Suarez
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pasqualino De Antonellis
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antony Michealraj
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avesta Rastan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Komosa
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sirbu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Division of Neurology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Campbell BB, Galati MA, Stone SC, Riemenschneider AN, Edwards M, Sudhaman S, Siddaway R, Komosa M, Nunes NM, Nobre L, Morrissy AS, Zatzman M, Zapotocky M, Joksimovic L, Kalimuthu SN, Samuel D, Mason G, Bouffet E, Morgenstern DA, Aronson M, Durno C, Malkin D, Maris JM, Taylor MD, Shlien A, Pugh TJ, Ohashi PS, Hawkins CE, Tabori U. Mutations in the RAS/MAPK Pathway Drive Replication Repair-Deficient Hypermutated Tumors and Confer Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1454-1467. [PMID: 33563663 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The RAS/MAPK pathway is an emerging targeted pathway across a spectrum of both adult and pediatric cancers. Typically, this is associated with a single, well-characterized point mutation in an oncogene. Hypermutant tumors that harbor many somatic mutations may obscure the interpretation of such targetable genomic events. We find that replication repair-deficient (RRD) cancers, which are universally hypermutant and affect children born with RRD cancer predisposition, are enriched for RAS/MAPK mutations (P = 10-8). These mutations are not random, exist in subclones, and increase in allelic frequency over time. The RAS/MAPK pathway is activated both transcriptionally and at the protein level in patient-derived RRD tumors, and these tumors responded to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of patients with RAS/MAPK hypermutant gliomas reveals durable responses to MEK inhibition. Our observations suggest that hypermutant tumors may be addicted to oncogenic pathways, resulting in favorable response to targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumors harboring a single RAS/MAPK driver mutation are targeted individually for therapeutic purposes. We find that in RRD hypermutant cancers, mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway are enriched, highly expressed, and result in sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. Targeting an oncogenic pathway may provide therapeutic options for these hypermutant polyclonal cancers.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B Campbell
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa A Galati
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone C Stone
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra N Riemenschneider
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumedha Sudhaman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Siddaway
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuno M Nunes
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liana Nobre
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Zatzman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lazar Joksimovic
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sangeetha N Kalimuthu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Samuel
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California
| | - Gary Mason
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Morgenstern
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Durno
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Chung J, Maruvka YE, Sudhaman S, Kelly J, Haradhvala NJ, Bianchi V, Edwards M, Forster VJ, Nunes NM, Galati MA, Komosa M, Deshmukh S, Cabric V, Davidson S, Zatzman M, Light N, Hayes R, Brunga L, Anderson ND, Ho B, Hodel KP, Siddaway R, Morrissy AS, Bowers DC, Larouche V, Bronsema A, Osborn M, Cole KA, Opocher E, Mason G, Thomas GA, George B, Ziegler DS, Lindhorst S, Vanan M, Yalon-Oren M, Reddy AT, Massimino M, Tomboc P, Van Damme A, Lossos A, Durno C, Aronson M, Morgenstern DA, Bouffet E, Huang A, Taylor MD, Villani A, Malkin D, Hawkins CE, Pursell ZF, Shlien A, Kunkel TA, Getz G, Tabori U. DNA Polymerase and Mismatch Repair Exert Distinct Microsatellite Instability Signatures in Normal and Malignant Human Cells. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:1176-1191. [PMID: 33355208 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although replication repair deficiency, either by mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) and/or loss of DNA polymerase proofreading, can cause hypermutation in cancer, microsatellite instability (MSI) is considered a hallmark of MMRD alone. By genome-wide analysis of tumors with germline and somatic deficiencies in replication repair, we reveal a novel association between loss of polymerase proofreading and MSI, especially when both components are lost. Analysis of indels in microsatellites (MS-indels) identified five distinct signatures (MS-sigs). MMRD MS-sigs are dominated by multibase losses, whereas mutant-polymerase MS-sigs contain primarily single-base gains. MS deletions in MMRD tumors depend on the original size of the MS and converge to a preferred length, providing mechanistic insight. Finally, we demonstrate that MS-sigs can be a powerful clinical tool for managing individuals with germline MMRD and replication repair-deficient cancers, as they can detect the replication repair deficiency in normal cells and predict their response to immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Exome- and genome-wide MSI analysis reveals novel signatures that are uniquely attributed to mismatch repair and DNA polymerase. This provides new mechanistic insight into MS maintenance and can be applied clinically for diagnosis of replication repair deficiency and immunotherapy response prediction.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiil Chung
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sumedha Sudhaman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacalyn Kelly
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Haradhvala
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria J Forster
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuno M Nunes
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa A Galati
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shriya Deshmukh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanja Cabric
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Davidson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Zatzman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Light
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reid Hayes
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathaniel D Anderson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl P Hodel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert Siddaway
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel C Bowers
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Valérie Larouche
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Mere-enfant Soleil du CHU de Quebec, CRCHU de Quebec, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annika Bronsema
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Osborn
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kristina A Cole
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Enrico Opocher
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gary Mason
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory A Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ben George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David S Ziegler
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Lindhorst
- Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Magimairajan Vanan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michal Yalon-Oren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alyssa T Reddy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick Tomboc
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology-Oncology, WVU Medicine Children's, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - An Van Damme
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Lossos
- Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carol Durno
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Morgenstern
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary F Pursell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas A Kunkel
- Genome Integrity Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Fukuoka K, Mamatjan Y, Ryall S, Komosa M, Bennett J, Zapotocky M, Keith J, Myrehaug S, Hazrati L, Aldape K, Laperriere N, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Hawkins C. BRAF V600E mutant oligodendroglioma-like tumors with chromosomal instability in adolescents and young adults. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:515-523. [PMID: 31630459 PMCID: PMC8018140 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed genome-wide methylation analysis on 136 pediatric low-grade gliomas, identifying a unique cluster consisting of three tumors with oligodendroglioma-like histology, BRAF p.V600E mutations and recurrent whole chromosome gains of 7 and loss of 10. Morphologically, all showed similar features, including a diffusely infiltrative glioma composed of round nuclei with perinuclear halos, a chicken-wire pattern of branching capillaries and microcalcification. None showed astrocytic features or characteristics suggestive of high-grade tumors including necrosis or mitotic figures. All tumors harbored multiple chromosomal copy number abnormalities (>10 chromosomes altered), but none showed 1p/19q co-deletion or IDH1 p.R132H mutation. Hierarchical clustering and t-stochastic neighbor embedding analyses from DNA methylation data cluster them more closely to previously described pediatric-type low-grade gliomas and separate from adult gliomas. These tumors exhibit distinct clinical features; they are temporal lobe lesions occurring in adolescents and young adults with a prolonged history of seizures and all are alive with no recurrence (follow-up 3.2 to 13.2 years). We encountered another young adult case with quite similar pathological appearance and molecular status except for TERT promoter mutation. Although the series is small, these may represent a new category of IDH wild-type low-grade gliomas which may be confused with "molecular GBM." Further, they highlight the heterogeneity of IDH wild-type gliomas and the relatively indolent behavior of "pediatric-type" gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fukuoka
- Division of Haematology/OncologyDepartment of PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Yasin Mamatjan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and MacFeetersHamilton Centre for Neuro‐Oncology ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Scott Ryall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome BiologyThe Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Julie Bennett
- Division of Haematology/OncologyDepartment of PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Division of Haematology/OncologyDepartment of PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of PathologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation OncologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Lili‐Naz Hazrati
- Division of PathologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and MacFeetersHamilton Centre for Neuro‐Oncology ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Norm Laperriere
- Department of Radiation OncologyPrincess Margaret HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/OncologyDepartment of PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology/OncologyDepartment of PaediatricsThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of PathologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
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12
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Józefiak D, Komosa M, Maćkowiak P, Prószyńska - Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski P, Świątkiewicz S, Rawski M, Kierończyk B, Bedford M, Massey O'Neil HV. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes improve carbohydrate digestion in exercising horses. J Anim Feed Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/118207/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Komosa M, Włodarek J, Dzierzęcka M, Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska A, Tołkacz M. Comparison of pathological lesions in navicular bone (os sesamoideum distale) and analysis of remodelling capacity in warmblood and coldblood horses. Pol J Vet Sci 2019; 21:13-27. [PMID: 29624012 DOI: 10.24425/119017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The problem of navicular bone lesions is better understood in warmblood horses. The aim of our research was to compare pathologic lesions of navicular bone of different types of horses divided into age groups. An extra goal was to compare radiographs with anatomical status of navicular bone dissected from the hoof capsule. The study group included 161 horses, out of which 100 individuals were warmbloods, and 61 - coldbloods. In total 280 navicular bones were analysed. The flexor surface, distal border fragments, enthesophytes and the process of obliteration of nutrient foramina were analysed. Some navicular bones were also subject to histology test. A greater tendency for the obliteration of nutrient foramina was observed in coldblood horses than in warmbloods. This fact can be explained as increased remodelling, covering the phenomenon of closure of synovial invaginations and canaliculi within the navicular bone. As a result, the synovial groove disappears and blood vessels cannot enter the distal border. New bone formation on the distal border is more frequently observed in coldblood horses. The development of enthesophytes both on the distal and proximal borders depends to a large extent on the age of horses of both types. Warmbloods, however, are more prone to have the lesions located on the flexor surface, leading as a consequence to deep erosions. They might be found even in very young horses in the form of grooves crossing the sagittal ridge. The frequency of lesions varies depending on the type of the horse. Post-mortem analysis of navicular bones helped interpret radiographs in a more precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komosa
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - J Włodarek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Dzierzęcka
- Department of Morphological Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Tołkacz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
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14
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Fukuoka K, Yashin M, Ryall S, Komosa M, Benett J, Zapotocky M, Keith J, Myrehaug S, Hazrati LN, Aldape K, Laperriere N, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Hawkins C. LGG-01. BRAF V600E MUTANT OLIGODENDROGLIOMA-LIKE TUMORS WITH CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fukuoka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mamatjan Yashin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Ryall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Benett
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norm Laperriere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Lee DD, Leão R, Komosa M, Gallo M, Zhang CH, Lipman T, Remke M, Heidari A, Nunes NM, Apolónio JD, Price AJ, De Mello RA, Dias JS, Huntsman D, Hermanns T, Wild PJ, Vanner R, Zadeh G, Karamchandani J, Das S, Taylor MD, Hawkins CE, Wasserman JD, Figueiredo A, Hamilton RJ, Minden MD, Wani K, Diplas B, Yan H, Aldape K, Akbari MR, Danesh A, Pugh TJ, Dirks PB, Castelo-Branco P, Tabori U. DNA hypermethylation within TERT promoter upregulates TERT expression in cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1801. [PMID: 30932912 DOI: 10.1172/jci128527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Leão R, Lee D, Figueiredo A, Hermanns T, Wild P, Komosa M, Lau I, Mistry M, Nunes NM, Price AJ, Zhang C, Lipman T, Poyet C, Valtcheva N, Oehl K, Coelho H, Sayyid R, Gomes AM, Prado E Castro L, Sweet J, Vinagre J, Apolónio J, Stephens D, Faleiro I, Fadaak K, Richard PO, Kulkarni G, Zlotta AR, Hamilton RJ, Castelo-Branco P, Tabori U. Combined genetic and epigenetic alterations of the TERT promoter affect clinical and biological behavior of bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1676-1684. [PMID: 30350309 PMCID: PMC6519346 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), risk stratification remains an important unmet need. Limitless self‐renewal, governed by TERT expression and telomerase activation, is crucial for cancer progression. Thus, telomerase activation through the interplay of mutations (TERTpMut) and epigenetic alterations in the TERT promoter may provide further insight into UBC behavior. Here, we investigated the combined effect of TERTpMut and the TERT Hypermethylated Oncological Region (THOR) status on telomerase activation and patient outcome in a UBC international cohort (n = 237). We verified that TERTpMut were frequent (76.8%) and present in all stages and grades of UBC. Hypermethylation of THOR was associated with higher TERT expression and higher‐risk disease in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC). TERTpMut alone predicted disease recurrence (HR: 3.18, 95%CI 1.84 to 5.51, p < 0.0001) but not progression in NMIBC. Combined THORhigh/TERTpMut increased the risk of disease recurrence (HR 5.12, p < 0.0001) and progression (HR 3.92, p = 0.025). Increased THOR hypermethylation doubled the risk of stage progression of both TERTpwt and TERTpMut NMIBC. These results highlight that both mechanisms are common and coexist in bladder cancer and while TERTpMut is an early event in bladder carcinogenesis THOR hypermethylation is a dynamic process that contributes to disease progression. While the absence of alterations comprises an extremely indolent phenotype, the combined genetic and epigenetic alterations of TERT bring additional prognostic value in NMIBC and provide a novel insight into telomere biology in cancer. What's new? Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation is central to cancer cell immortalization. It acts, however, through relatively unknown mechanisms. In urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) in particular, TERT activation can occur in the presence or absence of mutation, raising questions about alternative activation mechanisms. Our study shows that hypermethylation of the TERT promoter (THOR) plays a key part in UBC, being a dynamic and progressive process, with hypermethylation levels increasing with bladder cancer severity. Moreover, both hypermethylation and TERT promoter mutation contributed to increased telomerase expression. The findings provide insight into telomere biology in UBC and may be applicable to other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Leão
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Urology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arnaldo Figueiredo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Urology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Komosa
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Lau
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathew Mistry
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nuno Miguel Nunes
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aryeh J Price
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Cindy Zhang
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tatiana Lipman
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadejda Valtcheva
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Oehl
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Coelho
- Department of Urology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rashid Sayyid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Melo Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Joan Sweet
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - João Vinagre
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, (I3S), Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Apolónio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal
| | - Derek Stephens
- Biostatistics, Design and Analysis, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Inês Faleiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal
| | - Kamel Fadaak
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick O Richard
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Girish Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Faro, Portugal
| | - Uri Tabori
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lee DD, Leão R, Komosa M, Gallo M, Zhang CH, Lipman T, Remke M, Heidari A, Nunes NM, Apolónio JD, Price AJ, De Mello RA, Dias JS, Huntsman D, Hermanns T, Wild PJ, Vanner R, Zadeh G, Karamchandani J, Das S, Taylor MD, Hawkins CE, Wasserman JD, Figueiredo A, Hamilton RJ, Minden MD, Wani K, Diplas B, Yan H, Aldape K, Akbari MR, Danesh A, Pugh TJ, Dirks PB, Castelo-Branco P, Tabori U. DNA hypermethylation within TERT promoter upregulates TERT expression in cancer. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:223-229. [PMID: 30358567 DOI: 10.1172/jci121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative immortality is a hallmark of cancer cells governed by telomere maintenance. Approximately 90% of human cancers maintain their telomeres by activating telomerase, driven by the transcriptional upregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Although TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) are a major cancer-associated genetic mechanism of TERT upregulation, many cancers exhibit TERT upregulation without TPMs. In this study, we describe the TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR), a 433-bp genomic region encompassing 52 CpG sites located immediately upstream of the TERT core promoter, as a cancer-associated epigenetic mechanism of TERT upregulation. Unmethylated THOR repressed TERT promoter activity regardless of TPM status, and hypermethylation of THOR counteracted this repressive function. THOR methylation analysis in 1,352 human tumors revealed frequent (>45%) cancer-associated DNA hypermethylation in 9 of 11 (82%) tumor types screened. Additionally, THOR hypermethylation, either independently or along with TPMs, accounted for how approximately 90% of human cancers can aberrantly activate telomerase. Thus, we propose that THOR hypermethylation is a prevalent telomerase-activating mechanism in cancer that can act independently of or in conjunction with TPMs, further supporting the utility of THOR hypermethylation as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun D Lee
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Leão
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy H Zhang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatiana Lipman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Abolfazl Heidari
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuno Miguel Nunes
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joana D Apolónio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, and.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Aryeh J Price
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - João S Dias
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - David Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Vanner
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bill Diplas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arnavaz Danesh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, and.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Leão R, Lee D, Figueiredo A, Komosa M, Zhang C, Apolónio J, Nunes N, Hermanns T, Wild P, Poyet C, Hamilton R, Castelo-Branco P, Tabori U. Integrated molecular signatures of TERT promoter deregulation predict disease outcomes in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx361.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Root H, Larsen A, Komosa M, Al-Azri F, Li R, Bazett-Jones DP, Stephen Meyn M. FANCD2 limits BLM-dependent telomere instability in the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3255-3268. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Komosa M, Root H, Meyn MS. Visualization and quantitative analysis of extrachromosomal telomere-repeat DNA in individual human cells by Halo-FISH. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2152-63. [PMID: 25662602 PMCID: PMC4344523 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for characterizing extrachromosomal nuclear DNA in mammalian cells do not permit single-cell analysis, are often semi-quantitative and frequently biased toward the detection of circular species. To overcome these limitations, we developed Halo-FISH to visualize and quantitatively analyze extrachromosomal DNA in single cells. We demonstrate Halo-FISH by using it to analyze extrachromosomal telomere-repeat (ECTR) in human cells that use the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway(s) to maintain telomere lengths. We find that GM847 and VA13 ALT cells average ∼80 detectable G/C-strand ECTR DNA molecules/nucleus, while U2OS ALT cells average ∼18 molecules/nucleus. In comparison, human primary and telomerase-positive cells contain <5 ECTR DNA molecules/nucleus. ECTR DNA in ALT cells exhibit striking cell-to-cell variations in number (<20 to >300), range widely in length (<1 to >200 kb) and are composed of primarily G- or C-strand telomere-repeat DNA. Halo-FISH enables, for the first time, the simultaneous analysis of ECTR DNA and chromosomal telomeres in a single cell. We find that ECTR DNA comprises ∼15% of telomere-repeat DNA in GM847 and VA13 cells, but <4% in U2OS cells. In addition to its use in ALT cell analysis, Halo-FISH can facilitate the study of a wide variety of extrachromosomal DNA in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Komosa
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Heather Root
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - M Stephen Meyn
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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21
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Metcalf JL, Bradshaw PS, Komosa M, Greer SN, Stephen Meyn M, Ohh M. K63-ubiquitylation of VHL by SOCS1 mediates DNA double-strand break repair. Oncogene 2013; 33:1055-65. [PMID: 23455319 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for maintaining genomic stability, and defects in this process significantly increase the risk of cancer. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) caused by inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is characterized by high genomic instability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the association between the loss of VHL and genomic instability remains unclear. Here, we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) promotes nuclear redistribution and K63-ubiquitylation of VHL in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Loss of VHL or VHL mutations that compromise its K63-ubiquitylation attenuates the DNA-damage response (DDR), resulting in decreased homologous recombination repair and persistence of DSBs. These results identify VHL as a component of the DDR network, inactivation of which contributes to the genomic instability associated with CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Metcalf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P S Bradshaw
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Komosa
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S N Greer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Stephen Meyn
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Komosa M, Frackowiak H, Purzyc H, Wojnowska M, Gramacki A, Gramacki J. Differences in exterior conformation between primitive, Half-bred, and Thoroughbred horses: anatomic-breeding approach. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1660-8. [PMID: 23345554 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study included 249 horses belonging to 3 horse breeds. Konik horses, comprising the first group, is an example of a breed similar to the extinct Tarpan. In our study, these horses were taken to be a primitive anatomical model of the horse body. The other groups comprised the Polish Half-bred horse and Thoroughbred horse. The biometric characteristics of the horses were compared based on 24 indices. The aim of the paper was to find a reduced set of indices that can be used to determine group membership of the horses. To do this, we used statistical methods to find the most important indices that best discriminate breeds from each other. Chi-squared statistics, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and 1-way ANOVA showed that the discrimination among groups of horses is connected with these 5 indices: scapula, smaller trunk (distance between tubercle of humerus and coxal tuber), greater trunk (distance between tubercle of humerus and ischial tuberosity), metacarpus circumference, and hind autopodium-smaller trunk. Thoroughbred and Half-bred horses are clearly different in exterior conformation from Konik horses. The differences between Thoroughbred and Half-bred horses are more subtle. The conformation of Thoroughbreds is jointly determined by relatively small differences in a range of features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komosa
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
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23
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24
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Knox J, Moyer K, Yacoub N, Soldaat C, Komosa M, Vassilieva K, Wilk R, Hu J, Vazquez Paz LDL, Syed Q, Krause HM, Georgescu M, Jacobs JR. Syndecan contributes to heart cell specification and lumen formation during Drosophila cardiogenesis. Dev Biol 2011; 356:279-90. [PMID: 21565181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane proteoglycan Syndecan contributes to cell surface signaling of diverse ligands in mammals, yet in Drosophila, genetic evidence links Syndecan only to the Slit receptor Roundabout and to the receptor tyrosine phosphatase LAR. Here we characterize the requirement for syndecan in the determination and morphogenesis of the Drosophila heart, and reveal two phases of activity, indicating that Syndecan is a co-factor in at least two signaling events in this tissue. There is a stochastic failure to determine heart cell progenitors in a subset of abdominal hemisegments in embryos mutant for syndecan, and subsequent to Syndecan depletion by RNA interference. This phenotype is sensitive to gene dosage in the FGF receptor (Heartless), its ligand, Pyramus, as well as BMP-ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and co-factor Sara. Syndecan is also required for lumen formation during assembly of the heart vessel, a phenotype shared with mutations in the Slit and Integrin signaling pathways. Phenotypic interactions of syndecan with slit and Integrin mutants suggest intersecting function, consistent with Syndecan acting as a co-receptor for Slit in the Drosophila heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Knox
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Milyavsky M, Gan OI, Trottier M, Komosa M, Tabach O, Notta F, Lechman E, Hermans KG, Eppert K, Konovalova Z, Ornatsky O, Domany E, Meyn MS, Dick JE. A Distinctive DNA Damage Response in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Reveals an Apoptosis-Independent Role for p53 in Self-Renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7:186-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Abstract
An exterior comparison was made between 2 primitive horse breeds: the Konik and the Hucul breeds. Each animal was characterized using 25 measurements and 24 indices. Statistical methods employed in this study were principal components analysis and the Student's t-test. It was found that in spite of both breeds being included in the group of horses with a primitive exterior, the Konik and the Hucul possess completely different metric properties of their body conformations. Although the mean height for the Hucul breed slightly exceeds that of the Konik, the latter has longer scapulae and metacarpi. The hind limb also features different proportions among its segments in the 2 breeds. The observed differences seem to be connected with different habitats for these breeds. In particular, mountainous conditions may have had an effect on the specific body conformation of the Hucul breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komosa
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
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27
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Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Komosa M, Gill J. Influence of pregnancy on diurnal and seasonal changes in cortisol, T3 and T4 levels in the mare blood serum. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1991; 98:23-30. [PMID: 1673372 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90571-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The diurnal changes in the level of total protein, cortisol, T3 and T4 were studied in four barren and four pregnant standard-bred mares, kept and examined under the same conditions. 2. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr. for one day each month, throughout one year. 3. In barren mares, a diurnal rhythm in cortisol level (acrophase at 0530 hr in summer and at 0830 hr in winter) and in T3 level (acrophase at 1330 hr in summer and at 1800 hr in winter) was found. 4. In pregnant mares, a diurnal rhythm in cortisol level only till 5th month of pregnancy was observed. 5. A diurnal rhythm in T3 level was found throughout the pregnancy, with acrophase always at 1400 hr. 6. No diurnal rhythm in the total protein content and in the T4 level was observed. 7. In both groups of mares the seasonal cyclicity in T3 and T4 levels were found. A seasonal cyclicity in cortisol level was found only in pregnant mares. 8. Pregnancy abolished seasonal cyclicity in total protein and showed it in cortisol level. 9. Pregnancy in mares modifies diurnal rhythms as well as seasonal cycles in secretion and metabolism of the hormones studied.
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Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Gill J, Komosa M. Influence of pregnancy and lactation on diurnal and seasonal changes in lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels and in values of pH, pCO2 and pO2 in the mare blood. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1991; 98:497-501. [PMID: 1674458 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90437-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The diurnal changes in the levels of lactic (LA) and pyruvic (PA) acids and in values of pH, pO2 and pCO2 were studied in the blood of barren and later on in pregnant and lactating mares, throughout three subsequent years. 2. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr, for one day, each month, throughout 3 years. 3. The mares were kept and fed in the same conditions, lighting was natural. 4. In barren mares, diurnal rhythm in LA, PA, pO2 and pCO2 was found. 5. The pregnancy as well as lactation masked diurnal rhythms in parameters studied, except the LA level during lactation but then the acrophase was shifted by 3-4 hr. 6. Seasonal cyclicity was found in the values of LA, PA and pCO2 in barren mares. The pregnancy abolished cyclicity in LA level and modified the behaviour of PA and pCO2 values causing a shift of acrophases and lowering the amplitudes of the indices. 7. In the pO2 tensions no seasonal cycles were observed. 8. In the values of pH neither diurnal rhythms nor seasonal cycles throughout study years were observed.
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Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Komosa M, Gill J. Influence of pregnancy on diurnal and seasonal changes in glucose level and activity of FDPA, AlAT and AspAT in mares. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1991; 98:31-5. [PMID: 1673374 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90572-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The diurnal changes in the glucose level and in activity of FDPA, A1AT and AspAT in four pregnant standard-bred mares were studied. 2. As a control four barren mares, were kept and examined in the same conditions. 3. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr for one day, each month, throughout pregnancy, or one year. 4. A diurnal rhythm in activity of A1AT and AspAT in barren mares was found. The pregnancy masked diurnal rhythm in activities of both transaminases. 5. No diurnal rhythm in glucose level and FDPA activity in both groups of mares was observed. 6. Seasonal cyclicity was found in all indices studied, in both groups of mares. 7. The pregnancy did not abolish cyclicity in parameters studied but modified their behaviour--causing a shift of acrophases (glucose, FDPA, AspAT) and lowering the amplitudes (FDPA, A1AT, AspAT).
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Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Gill J, Komosa M. Diurnal changes in lactic and pyruvic acid levels and pH values in foals during the first 13 weeks of their life and in their lactating mothers. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1991; 99:113-7. [PMID: 1675943 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The diurnal changes in the levels of lactic (LA) and pyruvic (PA) acids and values of pH were studied in standard-bred mares and their foals, for 13 weeks of foal life, throughout 2 years. 2. The studies began when a foal was 7 days old and were repeated every 2 weeks until foals reached 13 weeks of age. 3. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr for one day, each second week. 4. In the LA, PA levels and pH values no diurnal rhythm was stated in lactating mares during study periods. 5. In foals the diurnal rhythm in LA and PA occurred in the 3rd month of their life, with the acrophase at night hours. 6. The significant correlations between foal and their mother metabolites studied were observed. 7. The environmental factors (air temperature, humidity) influence fluctuations of the amplitude in parameters studied in the horse blood.
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Abstract
1. The development of diurnal rhythm activity of FDPA, AspAT and A1AT and in levels of cortisol, T3 and T4 was observed in the blood serum of six foals. 2. The studies began when a foal was 7 days old and were repeated every month until foals reached 1 year of age. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr for one day each month. 3. As a control group four barren mares were used, kept and examined in the same conditions. 4. In mature mares, diurnal rhythms in activity of A1AT (acrophase at 2200 hr), AspAt (2400 hr) and cortisol (0630 hr) but in T3 only in summer months (acrophase at 0100 hr) were observed. 5. During the first 6 months of foal life, significantly higher mean levels of FDPA, A1AT, T3 and T4 than in control mares were found. 6. The cortisol level in foals was half as much as that of mature mares throughout the year. 7. In foals the diurnal rhythm in A1AT activity occurred in the 5th month and in AspAt--in the 12th month (acrophase at 2400 hr), but in cortisol levels it was developed already in the second month of foal life (acrophase at 0830 hr).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komosa
- Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Komosa M, Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Gill J. Diurnal changes in the haemoglobin level, red blood cell number and mean corpuscular haemoglobin in foals during the first 13 weeks of life and in their lactating mothers. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1990; 96:151-5. [PMID: 1975533 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. In six foals and their mothers (of Standard breed) diurnal changes in the haemoglobin level, red blood cell number and mean corpuscular haemoglobin during the first 13 weeks of foal life were studied. 2. Studies begun when a foal reached 7 days of age and were repeated every two weeks till 13 weeks of foal life. Blood was taken every 6 hr in foals and every 4 hr in mares. 3. No diurnal rhythmicity in parameters studied either in foals or in mares was found. 4. Decrease of haemoglobin level in lactating mares (14.0-12.5 g/100 ml) without changes in red blood cell number were observed. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin changed distinctly from one study day to another. 5. In foals were stated: significantly higher haemoglobin level and erythrocyte number and lower mean corpuscular haemoglobin than in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komosa
- Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Gill J, Komosa M, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. A study of diurnal changes in cortisol and glucose levels and FDPA activity in foals during the first 13 weeks of life and in their lactating mothers. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1989; 94:283-8. [PMID: 2573474 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. In six standard-bred mares and their foals diurnal changes in the cortisol and glucose levels and in FDPA activity were studies for 13 weeks of foal life. 2. In the cortisol level diurnal rhythm was found in the 3rd, 7th and 11th week of foal life and in the 11th week of lactation in mares. 3. In mares the mean diurnal cortisol level changed from 32 ng/ml in the first week to 57 in the 11th week and in foals from 24 in the first week to 16 ng/ml in the 11th week. 4. In the glucose level no diurnal rhythm was observed. 5. In mares the mean diurnal glucose level after parturition was about 58 mg/100 ml and increased to 83-85 mg/100 ml. In foals it changed from 105 to 128 mg/100 ml. 6. In the activity of FDPA no diurnal rhythm was observed. 7. The mean activity of FDPA changed in mares from 3.3 to 4.4 U and in foals from 5.7 to 7.5 U.
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Dobrowolska A, Komosa M. Transferrin, haematological indices and liver glycogen in field mice collected from a coal mining area and a control site in Poland. Environ Pollut 1987; 45:133-147. [PMID: 15092756 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/1986] [Revised: 05/13/1986] [Accepted: 10/16/1986] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A polymorphism for serum transferrin in field mice from polluted and control sites was compared with body-morphological and haematological parameters, and with liver glycogen concentration. The distribution of genotypes in the polluted area was not panmictic, due to higher frequencies of the rare allele Trf(c) occurring mainly in males. In the polluted area, transferrin-c was accompanied by slowly migrating, Fe-binding protein fractions. Since the Trf(c)/Trf(c) homozygote possessed higher red blood cell parameters, it is suggested that these extra proteins have an Fe-transport function. The morpho-physiology of heterozygotes from the polluted area did not differ significantly from those from the control site. The animals from the polluted area possessed a high concentration of liver glycogen, indicative of poor environmental conditions. Also, a generally lower level of red blood cell parameters suggests that non-oxygenic processes dominate over oxygenic ones in the polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dobrowolska
- Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Zoological Institute, Zwirki i Wigury, 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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