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Kortus S, Rehakova K, Klima M, Kolcheva M, Ladislav M, Langore E, Barackova P, Netolicky J, Misiachna A, Hemelikova K, Humpolickova J, Chalupska D, Silhan J, Kaniakova M, Hrcka Krausova B, Boura E, Zapotocky M, Horak M. Subunit-dependent surface mobility and localization of NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons measured using nanobody probes. J Neurosci 2023:JNEUROSCI.2014-22.2023. [PMID: 37286354 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2014-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission. The number and subtype of surface NMDARs are regulated at several levels, including their externalization, internalization, and lateral diffusion between the synaptic and extrasynaptic regions. Here, we employed novel anti-GFP nanobodies conjugated to either the smallest commercially available quantum dot (QD) 525 or the several nm larger (and thus brighter) QD605 (referred to as nanoGFP-QD525 and nanoGFP-QD605, respectively). Targeting the YFP-tagged GluN1 subunit in rat hippocampal neurons, we compared these two probes to a previously established larger probe, a rabbit anti-GFP immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with a secondary IgG conjugated to QD605 (referred to as antiGFP-QD605). The nanoGFP-based probes allowed faster lateral diffusion of the NMDARs, with several-fold increased median values of the diffusion coefficient (D). Using thresholded tdTomato-Homer1c signals to mark synaptic regions, we found that the nanoprobe-based D values sharply increased at distances over 100 nm from the synaptic edge, while D values for antiGFP-QD605 probe remained unchanged up to 400 nm distance. Using the nanoGFP-QD605 probe in hippocampal neurons expressing the GFP-GluN2A, GFP-GluN2B, or GFP-GluN3A subunits, we detected subunit-dependent differences in the NMDARs' synaptic localization, D value, synaptic residence time, and synaptic-extrasynaptic exchange rate. Finally, we confirmed the applicability of the nanoGFP-QD605 probe to study differences in the distribution of synaptic NMDARs by comparing to data obtained with nanoGFPs conjugated to organic fluorophores, using universal point accumulation imaging in nanoscale topography (uPAINT) and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM).Significance statement:Our study systematically compared the localization and mobility of surface NMDARs containing GFP-GluN2A, GFP-GluN2B, or GFP-GluN3A subunits expressed in rodent hippocampal neurons, using anti-GFP nanobodies conjugated to the quantum dot 605 (nanoGFP-QD605), as well as nanoGFP probes conjugated with small organic fluorophores. Our comprehensive analysis showed that the method used to delineate the synaptic region plays an important role in the study of synaptic and extrasynaptic pools of NMDARs. In addition, we showed that nanoGFP-QD605 probe has optimal parameters for studying the mobility of NMDARs due to its high localization accuracy comparable to dSTORM and longer scan time compared to uPAINT. The developed approaches are readily applicable to the study of any GFP-labeled membrane receptors expressed in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Kortus
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Rehakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marharyta Kolcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Ladislav
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Emily Langore
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Barackova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Netolicky
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Hemelikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humpolickova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hrcka Krausova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zapotocky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Kolcheva M, Kortus S, Krausova BH, Barackova P, Misiachna A, Danacikova S, Kaniakova M, Hemelikova K, Hotovec M, Rehakova K, Horak M. Specific pathogenic mutations in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit regulate the surface delivery and pharmacological sensitivity of NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108528. [PMID: 33773999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. Recently, pathogenic missense mutations were identified in genes encoding NMDAR subunits; however, their effect on NMDAR activity is often poorly understood. Here, we examined whether three previously identified pathogenic mutations (M641I, A645S, and Y647S) in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit affect the receptor's surface delivery, agonist sensitivity, Mg2+ block, and/or inhibition by the FDA-approved NMDAR blocker memantine. When expressed in HEK293 cells, we found reduced surface expression of GluN1-M641I/GluN2A, GluN1-Y647S/GluN2A, and GluN1-Y647S/GluN2B receptors; other mutation-bearing NMDAR combinations, including GluN1/GluN3A receptors, were expressed at normal surface levels. When expressed in rat hippocampal neurons, we consistently found reduced surface expression of the GluN1-M641I and GluN1-Y647S subunits when compared with wild-type GluN1 subunit. At the functional level, we found that GluN1-M641I/GluN2 and GluN1-A645S/GluN2 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells have wild-type EC50 values for both glutamate and glycine; in contrast, GluN1-Y647S/GluN2 receptors do not produce glutamate-induced currents. In the presence of a physiological concentration of Mg2+, we found that GluN1-M641I/GluN2 receptors have a lower memantine IC50 and slower offset kinetics, whereas GluN1-A645S/GluN2 receptors have a higher memantine IC50 and faster offset kinetics when compared to wild-type receptors. Finally, we found that memantine was the most neuroprotective in hippocampal neurons expressing GluN1-M641I subunits, followed by neurons expressing wild-type GluN1 and then GluN1-A645S subunits in an NMDA-induced excitotoxicity assay. These results indicate that specific pathogenic mutations in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit differentially affect the trafficking and functional properties of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Kolcheva
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kortus
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hrcka Krausova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Barackova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Danacikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Hemelikova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Hotovec
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Rehakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Kaniakova M, Korabecny J, Holubova K, Kleteckova L, Chvojkova M, Hakenova K, Prchal L, Novak M, Dolezal R, Hepnarova V, Svobodova B, Kucera T, Lichnerova K, Krausova B, Horak M, Vales K, Soukup O. 7-phenoxytacrine is a dually acting drug with neuroprotective efficacy in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114460. [PMID: 33571502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartaterecepro receptor (NMDARs) are a subclass of glutamate receptors, which play an essential role in excitatory neurotransmission, but their excessive overactivation by glutamate leads to excitotoxicity. NMDARs are hence a valid pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders; however, novel drugs targeting NMDARs are often associated with specific psychotic side effects and abuse potential. Motivated by currently available treatment against neurodegenerative diseases involving the inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and NMDARs, administered also in combination, we developed a dually-acting compound 7-phenoxytacrine (7-PhO-THA) and evaluated its neuropsychopharmacological and drug-like properties for potential therapeutic use. Indeed, we have confirmed the dual potency of 7-PhO-THA, i.e. potent and balanced inhibition of both AChE and NMDARs. We discovered that it selectively inhibits the GluN1/GluN2B subtype of NMDARs via an ifenprodil-binding site, in addition to its voltage-dependent inhibitory effect at both GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2B subtypes of NMDARs. Furthermore, whereas NMDA-induced lesion of the dorsal hippocampus confirmed potent anti-excitotoxic and neuroprotective efficacy, behavioral observations showed also a cholinergic component manifesting mainly in decreased hyperlocomotion. From the point of view of behavioral side effects, 7-PhO-THA managed to avoid these, notably those analogous to symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, CNS availability and the overall behavioral profile are promising for subsequent investigation of therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Holubova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleteckova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Chvojkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Hakenova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novak
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Svobodova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Lichnerova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Krausova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vales
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kaniakova M, Nepovimova E, Kleteckova L, Skrenkova K, Holubova K, Chrienova Z, Hepnarova V, Kucera T, Kobrlova T, Vales K, Korabecny J, Soukup O, Horak M. Combination of Memantine and 6-Chlorotacrine as Novel Multi-Target Compound against Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:821-833. [PMID: 30819076 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190228122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It is characterized as a multi-factorial disorder with a prevalent genetic component. Due to the unknown etiology, current treatment based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) antagonist is effective only temporary. It seems that curative treatment will necessarily be complex due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. In this context, the so-called "multi-targeting" approach has been established. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) combining the support for the cholinergic system by inhibition of AChE and at the same time ameliorating the burden caused by glutamate excitotoxicity mediated by the NMDAR receptors. METHODS We have applied common approaches of organic chemistry to prepare a hybrid of 6-chlorotacrine and memantine. Then, we investigated its blocking ability towards AChE and NMDRS in vitro, as well as its neuroprotective efficacy in vivo in the model of NMDA-induced lessions. We also studied cytotoxic potential of the compound and predicted the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. RESULTS A novel molecule formed by combination of 6-chlorotacrine and memantine proved to be a promising multipotent hybrid capable of blocking the action of AChE as well as NMDARs. The presented hybrid surpassed the AChE inhibitory activity of the parent compound 6-Cl-THA twofold. According to results it has been revealed that our novel hybrid blocks NMDARs in the same manner as memantine, potently inhibits AChE and is predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier via passive diffusion. Finally, the MTDL design strategy was indicated by in vivo results which showed that the novel 6-Cl-THA-memantine hybrid displayed a quantitatively better neuroprotective effect than the parent compound memantine. CONCLUSION We conclude that the combination of two pharmacophores with a synergistic mechanism of action into a single molecule offers great potential for the treatment of CNS disorders associated with cognitive decline and/or excitotoxicity mediated by NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleteckova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Holubova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Horak M, Skrenkova K, Zapotocky M, Kolcheva M, Hemelikova K, Kaniakova M, Lee S, Suh YH. N-glycosylation regulates the trafficking, surface mobility and function of GluN3A-containing NMDA receptors. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Hemelikova K, Kolcheva M, Skrenkova K, Kaniakova M, Horak M. Lectins modulate the functional properties of GluN1/GluN3-containing NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107671. [PMID: 31202607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). NMDARs are heteromultimers containing GluN1, GluN2, and/or GluN3 subunits, thus giving rise to a wide variety of subunit combinations, each with unique functional and pharmacological properties. Importantly, GluN1/GluN3A and GluN1/GluN3B receptors form glycine-gated receptors. Here, we combined electrophysiology with rapid solution exchange in order to determine whether the presence of specific N-glycans and/or interactions with specific lectins regulates the functional properties of GluN1/GluN3A and GluN1/GluN3B receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. We found that removing putative N-glycosylation sites alters the functional properties of GluN1/GluN3B receptors, but has no effect on GluN1/GluN3A receptors. Moreover, we found that the functional properties of both GluN1/GluN3A and GluN1/GluN3B receptors are modulated by a variety of lectins, including Concanavalin A (ConA), Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA), and Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL), and this effect is likely mediated by a reduction in GluN1 subunit-mediated desensitization. We also found that AAL has the most profound effect on GluN1/GluN3 receptors, and this effect is mediated partly by a single N-glycosylation site on the GluN3 subunit (specifically, N565 on GluN3A and N465 on GluN3B). Finally, we found that lectins mediate their effect only when applied to non-activated receptors and have no effect when applied in the continuous presence of glycine. These findings provide further evidence to distinguish GluN1/GluN3 receptors from the canonical GluN1/GluN2 receptors and offer insight into how GluN1/GluN3 receptors may be regulated in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hemelikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marharyta Kolcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Kaniakova M, Kleteckova L, Lichnerova K, Holubova K, Skrenkova K, Korinek M, Krusek J, Smejkalova T, Korabecny J, Vales K, Soukup O, Horak M. 7-Methoxyderivative of tacrine is a ‘foot-in-the-door’ open-channel blocker of GluN1/GluN2 and GluN1/GluN3 NMDA receptors with neuroprotective activity in vivo. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:217-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Skrenkova K, Lee S, Lichnerova K, Kaniakova M, Hansikova H, Zapotocky M, Suh YH, Horak M. N-Glycosylation Regulates the Trafficking and Surface Mobility of GluN3A-Containing NMDA Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:188. [PMID: 29915530 PMCID: PMC5994540 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play critical roles in both excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. NMDARs containing the nonconventional GluN3A subunit have different functional properties compared to receptors comprised of GluN1/GluN2 subunits. Previous studies showed that GluN1/GluN2 receptors are regulated by N-glycosylation; however, limited information is available regarding the role of N-glycosylation in GluN3A-containing NMDARs. Using a combination of microscopy, biochemistry, and electrophysiology in mammalian cell lines and rat hippocampal neurons, we found that two asparagine residues (N203 and N368) in the GluN1 subunit and three asparagine residues (N145, N264 and N275) in the GluN3A subunit are required for surface delivery of GluN3A-containing NMDARs. Furthermore, deglycosylation and lectin-based analysis revealed that GluN3A subunits contain extensively modified N-glycan structures, including hybrid/complex forms of N-glycans. We also found (either using a panel of inhibitors or by studying human fibroblasts derived from patients with a congenital disorder of glycosylation) that N-glycan remodeling is not required for the surface delivery of GluN3A-containing NMDARs. Finally, we found that the surface mobility of GluN3A-containing NMDARs in hippocampal neurons is increased following incubation with 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMM, an inhibitor of the formation of the hybrid/complex forms of N-glycans) and decreased in the presence of specific lectins. These findings provide new insight regarding the mechanisms by which neurons can regulate NMDAR trafficking and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Skrenkova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Katarina Lichnerova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Zapotocky
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martin Horak
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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9
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Horak M, Holubova K, Nepovimova E, Krusek J, Kaniakova M, Korabecny J, Vyklicky L, Kuca K, Stuchlik A, Ricny J, Vales K, Soukup O. The pharmacology of tacrine at N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:54-62. [PMID: 28089695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of tacrine as a precognitive drug has been considered to be complex and not fully understood. It has been reported to involve a wide spectrum of targets involving cholinergic, gabaergic, nitrinergic and glutamatergic pathways. Here, we review the effect of tacrine and its derivatives on the NMDA receptors (NMDAR) with a focus on the mechanism of action and biological consequences related to the Alzheimer's disease treatment. Our findings indicate that effect of tacrine on glutamatergic neurons is both direct and indirect. Direct NMDAR antagonistic effect is often reported by in vitro studies; however, it is achieved by high tacrine concentrations which are not likely to occur under clinical conditions. The impact on memory and behavioral testing can be ascribed to indirect effects of tacrine caused by influencing the NMDAR-mediated currents via M1 receptor activation, which leads to inhibition of Ca2+-activated potassium channels. Such inhibition prevents membrane repolarization leading to prolonged NMDAR activation and subsequently to long term potentiation. Considering these findings, we can conclude that tacrine-derivatives with dual cholinesterase and NMDARs modulating activity may represent a promising approach in the drug development for diseases associated with cognitive dysfunction, such as the Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Holubova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krusek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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10
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Kaniakova M, Lichnerova K, Skrenkova K, Vyklicky L, Horak M. Biochemical and electrophysiological characterization of N-glycans on NMDA receptor subunits. J Neurochem 2016; 138:546-56. [PMID: 27216994 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, excitatory synapses contain two major types of ionotropic glutamate receptors: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Both receptor types are comprised of several subunits that are post-translationally modified by N-glycosylation. However, the precise N-glycans that are attached to these receptor types are largely unknown. Here, we used biochemistry to confirm that native NMDARs are extensively N-glycosylated; moreover, we found that the NMDAR GluN2B subunit differs from GluN1 subunits with respect to endoglycosidase H sensitivity. Next, we used a complete panel of lectins to determine the glycan composition of NMDARs in both cerebellar tissue and cultured cerebellar granule cells. Our experiments identified 23 lectins that pulled down both the GluN1 and GluN2B NMDAR subunits. We then performed an electrophysiological analysis using representative lectins and found that pre-incubating cerebellar granule cells with the AAL, WGA, or ConA alters the receptor's biophysical properties; this lectin-mediated effect was eliminated when the cells were deglycosylated with peptide-N-glycosidase F. Similar lectin-mediated effects were observed using HEK293 cells that express recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors. Finally, using mutant recombinant GluN subunits expressed in HEK293 cells, we found that 11 out of 12 predicted N-glycosylation sites in GluN1 and 7 out of 7 N-glycosylation sites in GluN2B are occupied by N-glycans. These data provide new insight into the role that N-glycosylation plays in regulating the function of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with relevant institutional ethics guidelines and regulations with respect to protecting animal welfare. We examined the N-glycan composition of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) using deglycosylating enzymes, lectin-based biochemistry, and electrophysiology. Our results revealed that cerebellar NMDARs associate with 23 different lectins that have unique specificities for glycan structures. Furthermore, we found that 11 out of 12 predicted N-glycosylation sites in GluN1 and 7 out of 7 N-glycosylation sites in GluN2B are occupied by N-glycans. These data shed light on the glycan composition of NMDARs, revealing potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Lichnerova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
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11
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Vyklicky V, Krausova B, Cerny J, Balik A, Zapotocky M, Novotny M, Lichnerova K, Smejkalova T, Kaniakova M, Korinek M, Petrovic M, Kacer P, Horak M, Chodounska H, Vyklicky L. Block of NMDA receptor channels by endogenous neurosteroids: implications for the agonist induced conformational states of the channel vestibule. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10935. [PMID: 26086919 PMCID: PMC4471902 DOI: 10.1038/srep10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain disorders. NMDARs can be allosterically modulated by numerous compounds, including endogenous neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate. Here, we identify the molecular basis of the use-dependent and voltage-independent inhibitory effect of neurosteroids on NMDAR responses. The site of action is located at the extracellular vestibule of the receptor's ion channel pore and is accessible after receptor activation. Mutations in the extracellular vestibule in the SYTANLAAF motif disrupt the inhibitory effect of negatively charged steroids. In contrast, positively charged steroids inhibit mutated NMDAR responses in a voltage-dependent manner. These results, in combination with molecular modeling, characterize structure details of the open configuration of the NMDAR channel. Our results provide a unique opportunity for the development of new therapeutic neurosteroid-based ligands to treat diseases associated with dysfunction of the glutamate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Krausova
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Balik
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zapotocky
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Novotny
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tereza Smejkalova
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Korinek
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Petrovic
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
- Institute of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, 11000 Beograd, Srbija
| | - Petr Kacer
- Institute of Chemical Technology—Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Chodounska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry CAS, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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12
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Lichnerova K, Kaniakova M, Park SP, Skrenkova K, Wang YX, Petralia RS, Suh YH, Horak M. Two N-glycosylation Sites in the GluN1 Subunit Are Essential for Releasing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors from the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18379-90. [PMID: 26045554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.656546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) comprise a subclass of neurotransmitter receptors whose surface expression is regulated at multiple levels, including processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), intracellular trafficking via the Golgi apparatus, internalization, recycling, and degradation. With respect to early processing, NMDARs are regulated by the availability of GluN subunits within the ER, the presence of ER retention and export signals, and posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and palmitoylation. However, the role of N-glycosylation, one of the most common posttranslational modifications, in regulating NMDAR processing has not been studied in detail. Using biochemistry, confocal and electron microscopy, and electrophysiology in conjunction with a lentivirus-based molecular replacement strategy, we found that NMDARs are released from the ER only when two asparagine residues in the GluN1 subunit (Asn-203 and Asn-368) are N-glycosylated. Although the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits are also N-glycosylated, their N-glycosylation sites do not appear to be essential for surface delivery of NMDARs. Furthermore, we found that removing N-glycans from native NMDARs altered the receptor affinity for glutamate. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which neurons ensure that postsynaptic membranes contain sufficient numbers of functional NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lichnerova
- From the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic, the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- From the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Seung Pyo Park
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea, and
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- From the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- the Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- the Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Young Ho Suh
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea, and
| | - Martin Horak
- From the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic,
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13
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Korinek M, Vyklicky V, Borovska J, Lichnerova K, Kaniakova M, Krausova B, Krusek J, Balik A, Smejkalova T, Horak M, Vyklicky L. Cholesterol modulates open probability and desensitization of NMDA receptors. J Physiol 2015; 593:2279-93. [PMID: 25651798 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.288209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS. Although these receptors are in direct contact with plasma membrane, lipid-NMDAR interactions are little understood. In the present study, we aimed at characterizing the effect of cholesterol on the ionotropic glutamate receptors. Whole-cell current responses induced by fast application of NMDA in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) were almost abolished (reduced to 3%) and the relative degree of receptor desensitization was increased (by seven-fold) after acute cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Both of these effects were fully reversible by cholesterol repletion. By contrast, the responses mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors were not affected by cholesterol depletion. Similar results were obtained in CGCs after chronic inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by simvastatin and acute enzymatic cholesterol degradation to 4-cholesten-3-one by cholesterol oxidase. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements showed that membrane fluidity increased after methyl-β-cyclodextrin pretreatment. However, no change in fluidity was observed after cholesterol enzymatic degradation, suggesting that the effect of cholesterol on NMDARs is not mediated by changes in membrane fluidity. Our data show that diminution of NMDAR responses by cholesterol depletion is the result of a reduction of the open probability, whereas the increase in receptor desensitization is the result of an increase in the rate constant of entry into the desensitized state. Surface NMDAR population, agonist affinity, single-channel conductance and open time were not altered in cholesterol-depleted CGCs. The results of our experiments show that cholesterol is a strong endogenous modulator of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jirina Borovska
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Lichnerova
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Barbora Krausova
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krusek
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Balik
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. There are three distinct subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that have been identified including 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid receptors (AMPARs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and kainate receptors. The most common GluRs in mature synapses are AMPARs that mediate the fast excitatory neurotransmission and NMDARs that mediate the slow excitatory neurotransmission. There have been large numbers of recent reports studying how a single neuron regulates synaptic numbers and types of AMPARs and NMDARs. Our current research is centered primarily on NMDARs and, therefore, we will focus in this review on recent knowledge of molecular mechanisms occurring (1) early in the biosynthetic pathway of NMDARs, (2) in the transport of NMDARs after their release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); and (3) at the plasma membrane including excitatory synapses. Because a growing body of evidence also indicates that abnormalities in NMDAR functioning are associated with a number of human psychiatric and neurological diseases, this review together with other chapters in this issue may help to enhance research and to gain further knowledge of normal synaptic physiology as well as of the etiology of many human brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Neurocentre Magendie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U862 Bordeaux, France ; Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, U862 Bordeaux, France
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15
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Lichnerova K, Kaniakova M, Skrenkova K, Vyklicky L, Horak M. Distinct regions within the GluN2C subunit regulate the surface delivery of NMDA receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:375. [PMID: 25426025 PMCID: PMC4226150 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. The activation of NMDA receptors plays a key role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation, and is a major contributor to many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that underlie the trafficking of GluN1/GluN2C receptors. Using an approach combining molecular biology, microscopy, and electrophysiology in mammalian cell lines and cultured cerebellar granule cells, we found that the surface delivery of GluN2C-containing receptors is reduced compared to GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing receptors. Furthermore, we identified three distinct regions within the N-terminus, M3 transmembrane domain, and C-terminus of GluN2C subunits that are required for proper intracellular processing and surface delivery of NMDA receptors. These results shed new light on the regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking, and these findings can be exploited to develop new strategies for treating some forms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lichnerova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague Czech Republic ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague Czech Republic
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16
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Vyklicky V, Korinek M, Smejkalova T, Balik A, Krausova B, Kaniakova M, Lichnerova K, Cerny J, Krusek J, Dittert I, Horak M, Vyklicky L. Structure, function, and pharmacology of NMDA receptor channels. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S191-203. [PMID: 24564659 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors have received much attention over the last few decades, due to their role in many types of neural plasticity on the one hand, and their involvement in excitotoxicity on the other hand. There is great interest in developing clinically relevant NMDA receptor antagonists that would block excitotoxic NMDA receptor activation, without interfering with NMDA receptor function needed for normal synaptic transmission and plasticity. This review summarizes current understanding of the structure of NMDA receptors and the mechanisms of NMDA receptor activation and modulation, with special attention given to data describing the properties of various types of NMDA receptor inhibition. Our recent analyses point to certain neurosteroids as NMDA receptor inhibitors with desirable properties. Specifically, these compounds show use-dependent but voltage-independent block, that is predicted to preferentially target excessive tonic NMDA receptor activation. Importantly, neurosteroids are also characterized by use-independent unblock, compatible with minimal disruption of normal synaptic transmission. Thus, neurosteroids are a promising class of NMDA receptor modulators that may lead to the development of neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vyklicky
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Kaniakova M, Skrenkova K, Adamek S, Vyskocil F, Krusek J. Different effects of lobeline on neuronal and muscle nicotinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:352-9. [PMID: 24929055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lobeline is a plant alkaloid known to interact with cholinergic system. The effect of lobeline on neuronal α3β4 receptors expressed in COS cells and muscle embryonic αβγδ receptors naturally expressed in TE671 cells was studied using a patch-clamp technique. Our results show that lobeline inhibited responses to acetylcholine in human embryonic muscle nicotinic receptor in a pseudo-noncompetitive manner. The responses of rat neuronal α3β4 receptors to a low concentration of acetylcholine were potentiated by a mixed occupation mechanism that corresponds to "competitive potentiation". This potentiation turned into voltage-dependent inhibition for α3β4 receptors was activated by a high concentration of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skrenkova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Adamek
- Third Surgical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Vyskocil
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krusek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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18
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Soukup O, Jun D, Zdarova-Karasova J, Patocka J, Musilek K, Korabecny J, Krusek J, Kaniakova M, Sepsova V, Mandikova J, Trejtnar F, Pohanka M, Drtinova L, Pavlik M, Tobin G, Kuca K. A Resurrection of 7-MEOTA: A Comparison with Tacrine. Curr Alzheimer Res 2013; 10:893-906. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205011310080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Kaniakova M, Lichnerova K, Vyklicky L, Horak M. Single amino acid residue in the M4 domain of GluN1 subunit regulates the surface delivery of NMDA receptors. J Neurochem 2012; 123:385-95. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Lichnerova
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.; Prague Czech Republic
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20
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Kaniakova M, Krausova B, Vyklicky V, Korinek M, Lichnerova K, Vyklicky L, Horak M. Key amino acid residues within the third membrane domains of NR1 and NR2 subunits contribute to the regulation of the surface delivery of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26423-34. [PMID: 22711533 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate ionotropic receptors that play critical roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The functional NMDA receptors, heterotetramers composed mainly of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits, likely pass endoplasmic reticulum quality control before they are released from the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficked to the cell surface. However, the mechanism underlying this process is not clear. Using truncated and mutated NMDA receptor subunits expressed in heterologous cells, we found that the M3 domains of both NR1 and NR2 subunits contain key amino acid residues that contribute to the regulation of the number of surface functional NMDA receptors. These key residues are critical neither for the interaction between the NR1 and NR2 subunits nor for the formation of the functional receptors, but rather they regulate the early trafficking of the receptors. We also found that the identified key amino acid residues within both NR1 and NR2 M3 domains contribute to the regulation of the surface expression of unassembled NR1 and NR2 subunits. Thus, our data identify the unique role of the membrane domains in the regulation of the number of surface NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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