Novel insight into the ectodermal dysplasia 11A: Splicing variant of the EDARADD gene in a family with clinical variability and literature review

Pathogenic variants in the EDARADD gene result in autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia. This article reports on the fourth family in the world with ectodermal dysplasia 11A (ECTD11A) cause from a novel splicing variant in the EDARADD gene, identified by whole exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The proband and his mother were heterozygous for the detected variant (NM_145861.4:c.161-2A>T). The proband manifests unusual symptoms including hyperkeratotic plaques, slow-growing hair, recurrent infection, and pectus excavatum. His mother presents hypohidrosis, extensive tooth decay, fragile nails, and sparse hair. Further studies on ECTD11A patients could be useful to characterizing the phenotype features more precisely.

A combination of two novels homozygous FCSK variants cause disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation: New patient and literature review

Pathogenic variants in FCSK cause Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation with Defective Fucosylation-2 (FCSK-CDG; MIM: 618,324). It is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by defects in the L-fucose kinase, which is necessary for the fucose salvage pathway. Herein, we report two novel variants in an Iranian patient, the fourth individual with FCSK-CDG described in the literature. Two homozygous variants in FCSK (rs376941268; NM_145059.3: c.379C > A, p. Leu127Met and rs543223292; NM_145059.3: c.394G > C, p. Asp132His) were identified in the proband. Sanger sequencing conducted on his unaffected parents revealed that they were heterozygous for the same variants. The proband, a four-and-a-half year old Iranian male born to consanguineous parents, manifested Intellectual disability, growth delay, ophthalmic abnormalities, seizures, speech disorder, and feeding difficulties.

Investigation of FOXP3 genetic variations at positions -2383 C/T and IVS9+459 T/C in southern Iranian patients with lung carcinoma

OBJECTIVES

FOXP3 gene is an X-linked gene that encodes FOXP3 protein, an essential transcription factor in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. We aimed, in the present study, to investigate the association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms, -2383 C/T (rs3761549) and IVS9+459 T/C (rs2280883), with lung cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In a case-control study we analyzed genotypes and alleles frequencies at -2383 C/T and IVS9+459 T/C positions in 156 patients with lung cancer and 156 age and sex matched healthy controls in Southern Iranian population, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The data were verified by direct automated DNA sequencing.

RESULTS

The frequency of -2383 T allele was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (11.8% versus 5.9%, P-value=0.04, OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.04-4.54). T allele frequency at IVS9+459 T/C position was higher, compared to the controls, in the patients who presented the disease over 55 years old (69.9% versus 59.1%, P-value=0.04, OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.01-2.55) and also in SCLC patients (77.8% versus 59.1%, P-value=0.03, OR=2.42, 95%CI=1.05-5.59). No significant differences were found in the genotypes and haplotypes distributions between the cases and controls. A high degree of linkage disequilibrium was observed between two polymorphisms.

CONCLUSION

As the first study dealing with -2383 C/T and IVS9+459 T/C in lung cancer, our data conclusively suggest the association of -2383 T allele with susceptibility to lung cancer in Iranian population. The association of IVS9+459 T allele with susceptibility to lung cancer in old patients suggests the age-dependent effects of FOXP3 gene on cancer occurrence.