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Wiedemeyer WR, Gavrilyuk J, Schammel A, Zhao X, Sarvaiya H, Pysz M, Gu C, You M, Isse K, Sullivan T, French D, Lee C, Dang AT, Zhang Z, Aujay M, Bankovich AJ, Vitorino P. ABBV-011, A Novel, Calicheamicin-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Targets SEZ6 to Eradicate Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:986-998. [PMID: 35642431 PMCID: PMC9381089 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past year, four antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) were approved, nearly doubling the marketed ADCs in oncology. Among other attributes, successful ADCs optimize targeting antibody, conjugation chemistry, and payload mechanism of action. Here, we describe the development of ABBV-011, a novel SEZ6-targeted, calicheamicin-based ADC for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We engineered a calicheamicin conjugate that lacks the acid-labile hydrazine linker that leads to systemic release of a toxic catabolite. We then screened a patient-derived xenograft library to identify SCLC as a tumor type with enhanced sensitivity to calicheamicin ADCs. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from primary and xenograft SCLC samples, we identified seizure-related homolog 6 (SEZ6) as a surface-expressed SCLC target with broad expression in SCLC and minimal normal tissue expression by both RNA-seq and IHC. We developed an antibody targeting SEZ6 that is rapidly internalized upon receptor binding and, when conjugated to the calicheamicin linker drug, drives potent tumor regression in vitro and in vivo. These preclinical data suggest that ABBV-011 may provide a novel treatment for patients with SCLC and a rationale for ongoing phase I studies (NCT03639194).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Zhao
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Vitorino
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois.,Corresponding Author: Philip Vitorino, Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States), Redwood City, CA 94603. Phone: 650-380-5513; E-mail:
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2
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S, Pitsinos EN, Das D, Lu Y, Rout S, Schammel AW, Holte D, Lin B, Gu C, Sarvaiya H, Trinidad J, Barbour N, Valdiosera AM, Sandoval J, Lee C, Aujay M, Fernando H, Dhar A, Karsunky H, Taylor N, Pysz M, Gavrilyuk J. Uncialamycin-based antibody-drug conjugates: Unique enediyne ADCs exhibiting bystander killing effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107042118. [PMID: 34155147 PMCID: PMC8237573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as valuable targeted anticancer therapeutics with at least 11 approved therapies and over 80 advancing through clinical trials. Enediyne DNA-damaging payloads represented by the flagship of this family of antitumor agents, N-acetyl calicheamicin [Formula: see text], have a proven success track record. However, they pose a significant synthetic challenge in the development and optimization of linker drugs. We have recently reported a streamlined total synthesis of uncialamycin, another representative of the enediyne class of compounds, with compelling synthetic accessibility. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of uncialamycin ADCs featuring a variety of cleavable and noncleavable linkers. We have discovered that uncialamycin ADCs display a strong bystander killing effect and are highly selective and cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005;
| | - Stephan Rigol
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Emmanuel N Pitsinos
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Laboratory of Natural Products Synthesis & Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dipendu Das
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Yong Lu
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Subhrajit Rout
- BioScience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | | | - Dane Holte
- Discovery Chemistry Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Baiwei Lin
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Christine Gu
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Hetal Sarvaiya
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Jose Trinidad
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Nicole Barbour
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Amanda M Valdiosera
- Bioconjugation and Process Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Assay Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Christina Lee
- Assay Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Monette Aujay
- Assay Development Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Hanan Fernando
- Cancer Biology Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Anukriti Dhar
- Cancer Biology Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Holger Karsunky
- Cancer Biology Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Nicole Taylor
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Discovery Chemistry Department, AbbVie Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;
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3
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Nicolaou KC, Pan S, Pulukuri KK, Ye Q, Rigol S, Erande RD, Vourloumis D, Nocek BP, Munneke S, Lyssikatos J, Valdiosera A, Gu C, Lin B, Sarvaiaya H, Trinidad J, Sandoval J, Lee C, Hammond M, Aujay M, Taylor N, Pysz M, Purcell JW, Gavrilyuk J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues, Linker-Drugs, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships, and Tubulysin-Tubulin Binding Derived from X-ray Crystallographic Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3377-3421. [PMID: 33544599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tubulysin analogues, linker-drugs, and antibody-drug conjugates are described. Among the new discoveries reported is the identification of new potent analogues within the tubulysin family that carry a C11 alkyl ether substituent, rather than the usual ester structural motif at that position, a fact that endows the former with higher plasma stability than that of the latter. Also described herein are X-ray crystallographic analysis studies of two tubulin-tubulysin complexes formed within the α/β interface between two tubulin heterodimers and two highly potent tubulysin analogues, one of which exhibited a different binding mode to the one previously reported for tubulysin M. The X-ray crystallographic analysis-derived new insights into the binding modes of these tubulysin analogues explain their potencies and provide inspiration for further design, synthesis, and biological investigations within this class of antitumor agents. A number of these analogues were conjugated as payloads with appropriate linkers at different sites allowing their attachment onto targeting antibodies for cancer therapies. A number of such antibody-drug conjugates were constructed and tested, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to the identification of at least one promising ADC (Herceptin-LD3), warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Saiyong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran K Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi 153 10, Greece
| | - Bogusław P Nocek
- AbbVie Inc., Research & Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amanda Valdiosera
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Gu
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Baiwei Lin
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hetal Sarvaiaya
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose Trinidad
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christina Lee
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Hammond
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Taylor
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James W Purcell
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Wiedemeyer WR, Bheddah S, Saechao C, French D, Huntzicker E, Kempema A, Gavrilyuk J, Liu D, Sisodiya V, He A, Zhang Z, Aujay MA, Hayashi K, Vivona S, Zhao X, Walter K, Saunders LR, Hampl J, Madhavan S, Pysz M, Bankovich AJ, Karsunky H, Dylla SJ. Abstract NT-113: SC-003, AN ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE TARGETING DIPEPTIDASE 3, EXHIBITS POTENT ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY IN PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER. Clin Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp18-nt-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Disclosures: All authors are employees of AbbVie. The design, study conduct, and financial support for this research were provided by AbbVie. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the publication.
Ovarian cancer describes a group of malignancies that remain a serious threat to women's health and claim more than 14,000 deaths in the US each year. Among these, high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) represent the most common and aggressive form, and tumor recurrence is near-universal following initial response to carboplatin and paclitaxel. While multiple treatment options are available for platinum-sensitive recurrent HGSC, such as continued use of carboplatin/paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab, as well as several FDA-approved PARP inhibitors, there are few effective treatment options for platinum-resistant HGSC. Its inherent heterogeneity, characterized by genomic instability and numerous DNA copy number aberrations, poses challenges to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are an important platform for target identification and efficacy testing of therapeutic agents, as they sustain the intratumoral heterogeneity observed in advanced human tumors more faithfully than established cell lines. The isolation of distinct tumor cell populations by flow cytometry and subsequent testing of their tumorigenic potential can identify tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which have the potential to propagate the tumor over multiple generations in immune-deficient NOD/SCID mice. Thorough characterization of these TIC populations by transcriptome profiling and flow cytometry has identified TIC-enriched cell surface proteins that are targetable by antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), including EFNA4 in mixed Müllerian and ovarian cancers and PTK7 in triple-negative breast and ovarian cancers. ADCs consist of a monoclonal antibody directed against a cell surface epitope linked to a cytotoxic agent, such as auristatin, maytansinoid, or pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD).
Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a PDX bank for ovarian cancers that led to the identification of dipeptidase 3 (DPEP3) as a TIC-associated target in HGSC. We show that DPEP3 is enriched in the TIC fraction of platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant HGSC PDX models, where it localizes to the plasma membrane and is detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In contrast, DPEP3 expression is low or absent in most normal adult tissues, thus providing a therapeutic window for an antibody-based therapeutic agent. In order to target DPEP3-expressing ovarian cancer cells, we developed SC-003, an ADC consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody linked to a PBD dimer via a cleavable linker. We show that SC-003 specifically binds to DPEP3-expressing cells and, upon internalization, elicits cytotoxicity via release of its PBD warhead following lysosomal degradation of the antibody component. A single dose of SC-003 induced tumor regression in DPEP3-positive HGSC PDX models, including platinum-resistant PDX models. Mechanistically, we show that the anti-tumor effect of SC-003 is mediated by a significant reduction in TIC frequency. Moreover, combination with an anti-PD1 antibody potentiated SC-003 efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model engineered to overexpress human DPEP3. In summary, these findings support the clinical development of SC-003 as a novel therapeutic agent for HGSC.
Citation Format: Wolf R. Wiedemeyer, Sheila Bheddah, Christine Saechao, Dorothy French, Erik Huntzicker, Aaron Kempema, Julia Gavrilyuk, David Liu, Vikram Sisodiya, Alina He, Zhaomei Zhang, Monette A. Aujay, Kristyn Hayashi, Sandro Vivona, Xi Zhao, Kimberly Walter, Laura R. Saunders, Johannes Hampl, Shravanthi Madhavan, Marybeth Pysz, Alexander J. Bankovich, Holger Karsunky, Scott J. Dylla. SC-003, AN ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE TARGETING DIPEPTIDASE 3, EXHIBITS POTENT ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY IN PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr NT-113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf R. Wiedemeyer
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sheila Bheddah
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Saechao
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dorothy French
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Erik Huntzicker
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aaron Kempema
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David Liu
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vikram Sisodiya
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alina He
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhaomei Zhang
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Monette A. Aujay
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kristyn Hayashi
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sandro Vivona
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xi Zhao
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kimberly Walter
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laura R. Saunders
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Johannes Hampl
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shravanthi Madhavan
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Holger Karsunky
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Scott J. Dylla
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Damelin M, Bankovich A, Bernstein J, Lucas J, Chen L, Williams S, Park A, Aguilar J, Ernstoff E, Charati M, Dushin R, Aujay M, Lee C, Ramoth H, Milton M, Hampl J, Lazetic S, Pulito V, Rosfjord E, Sun Y, King L, Barletta F, Betts A, Guffroy M, Falahatpisheh H, O’Donnell CJ, Stull R, Pysz M, Escarpe P, Liu D, Foord O, Gerber HP, Sapra P, Dylla SJ. A PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate reduces tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/372/eaag2611. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Damelin MI, Bankovich A, Bernstein J, Lucas J, Chen L, Williams S, Park A, Aguilar J, Ernstoff E, Charati M, Dushin R, Jackson-Fisher A, Aujay M, Lee C, Ramoth H, Milton M, Hampl J, Lazetic S, Pulito V, Armellino D, Rosfjord E, Guffroy M, Falahatpisheh H, King L, Barletta F, Stull R, Pysz M, Escarpe P, Liu D, Foord O, Gibson B, Powell E, O’Donnell C, Xin X, Gerber HP, Sapra P, Dylla S. Abstract 1220: A novel PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Disease relapse after treatment is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapies that target tumor-initiating cells (TICs) should improve patient survival by eliminating the cells that can drive tumor regrowth and metastasis. Here we identify Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7), a highly conserved but catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase, as an antigen that is enriched on TICs in low-passage patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of TNBC, NSCLC and other tumor types. An anti-PTK7 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was generated from a humanized anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibody, a cleavable valine-citrulline-based linker and the Aur0101 auristatin microtubule inhibitor. The anti-PTK7 ADC induced sustained regressions of TNBC, NSCLC and ovarian cancer PDX, with improved activity over standard-of-care chemotherapy, and reduced the frequency of TICs as determined by serial transplantation experiments. Moreover, the ADC may have additional mechanisms of action, including an anti-angiogenic effect, that promote anti-tumor immune responses. Together these preclinical results indicate the potential of the anti-PTK7 ADC to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients. The ADC is currently being tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial, from which interim results will be presented.
Citation Format: Marc Isaac Damelin, Alex Bankovich, Jeff Bernstein, Justin Lucas, Liang Chen, Sam Williams, Albert Park, Jorge Aguilar, Elana Ernstoff, Manoj Charati, Russell Dushin, Amy Jackson-Fisher, Monette Aujay, Christina Lee, Hanna Ramoth, Milly Milton, Johannes Hampl, Sasha Lazetic, Virginia Pulito, Douglas Armellino, Edward Rosfjord, Magali Guffroy, Hadi Falahatpisheh, Lindsay King, Frank Barletta, Robert Stull, Marybeth Pysz, Paul Escarpe, David Liu, Orit Foord, Brenda Gibson, Eric Powell, Christopher O’Donnell, Xiaohua Xin, Hans Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra, Scott Dylla. A novel PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1220.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Liu
- 2Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Orit Foord
- 2Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Damelin M, Bankovich A, Park A, Aguilar J, Anderson W, Santaguida M, Aujay M, Fong S, Khandke K, Pulito V, Ernstoff E, Escarpe P, Bernstein J, Pysz M, Zhong W, Upeslacis E, Lucas J, Lucas J, Nichols T, Loving K, Foord O, Hampl J, Stull R, Barletta F, Falahatpisheh H, Sapra P, Gerber HP, Dylla SJ. Anti-EFNA4 Calicheamicin Conjugates Effectively Target Triple-Negative Breast and Ovarian Tumor-Initiating Cells to Result in Sustained Tumor Regressions. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4165-73. [PMID: 26015513 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ovarian cancer each comprise heterogeneous tumors, for which current therapies have little clinical benefit. Novel therapies that target and eradicate tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are needed to significantly improve survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of well-annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDX) was established, and surface markers that enriched for TIC in specific tumor subtypes were empirically determined. The TICs were queried for overexpressed antigens, one of which was selected to be the target of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The efficacy of the ADC was evaluated in 15 PDX models to generate hypotheses for patient stratification. RESULTS We herein identified E-cadherin (CD324) as a surface antigen able to reproducibly enrich for TIC in well-annotated, low-passage TNBC and ovarian cancer PDXs. Gene expression analysis of TIC led to the identification of Ephrin-A4 (EFNA4) as a prospective therapeutic target. An ADC comprising a humanized anti-EFNA4 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the DNA-damaging agent calicheamicin achieved sustained tumor regressions in both TNBC and ovarian cancer PDX in vivo. Non-claudin low TNBC tumors exhibited higher expression and more robust responses than other breast cancer subtypes, suggesting a specific translational application for tumor subclassification. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential of PF-06647263 (anti-EFNA4-ADC) as a first-in-class compound designed to eradicate TIC. The use of well-annotated PDX for drug discovery enabled the identification of a novel TIC target, pharmacologic evaluation of the compound, and translational studies to inform clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert Park
- Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Fong
- Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Paul Escarpe
- Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Orit Foord
- Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Robert Stull
- Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Foygel K, Wang H, Machtaler S, Lutz AM, Chen R, Pysz M, Lowe AW, Tian L, Carrigan T, Brentnall TA, Willmann JK. Detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice by ultrasound imaging of thymocyte differentiation antigen 1. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:885-894.e3. [PMID: 23791701 PMCID: PMC3783557 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) allows for surgical resection and increases patient survival times. Imaging agents that bind and amplify the signal of neovascular proteins in neoplasms can be detected by ultrasound, enabling accurate detection of small lesions. We searched for new markers of neovasculature in PDAC and assessed their potential for tumor detection by ultrasound molecular imaging. METHODS Thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy1) was identified as a specific biomarker of PDAC neovasculature by proteomic analysis. Up-regulation in PDAC was validated by immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic tissue samples from 28 healthy individuals, 15 with primary chronic pancreatitis tissues, and 196 with PDAC. Binding of Thy1-targeted contrast microbubbles was assessed in cultured cells, in mice with orthotopic PDAC xenograft tumors expressing human Thy1 on the neovasculature, and on the neovasculature of a genetic mouse model of PDAC. RESULTS Based on immunohistochemical analyses, levels of Thy1 were significantly higher in the vascular of human PDAC than chronic pancreatitis (P = .007) or normal tissue samples (P < .0001). In mice, ultrasound imaging accurately detected human Thy1-positive PDAC xenografts, as well as PDACs that express endogenous Thy1 in genetic mouse models of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and validated Thy1 as a marker of PDAC that can be detected by ultrasound molecular imaging in mice. The development of a specific imaging agent and identification of Thy1 as a new biomarker could aid in the diagnosis of this cancer and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Foygel
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huaijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Steven Machtaler
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amelie M. Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anson W. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Health, Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tricia Carrigan
- Translational Diagnostics, Ventana Medical Systems, INC, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jürgen K. Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The influence of blood transfusions on survival of breast cancer is still not convincingly determined. To assess prognostic significance of blood transfusions, a group of 863 breast cancer patients (mean follow-up 68.3 months) treated with mastectomy during 1977-1995 in Oncologic Hospital, Bielsko-Biala, Poland, was analyzed. METHODS Retrospective analyses were performed using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In univariate analysis, administering blood transfusions to breast cancer patients after mastectomy significantly shortened their overall, local recurrence-free and metastases-free survival (95% confidence intervals for differences in 5 year survival ranged from 6.5-27%). Multivariate analyses showed that only time of transfusion with reference to the time of mastectomy was an independent prognostic factor for metastases-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Allogenic blood transfusions in the first 8 days after mastectomy may shorten metastases-free survival of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pysz
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncologic Hospital, Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
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10
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Pysz M. [Is nasal cavity melanoma radioresistant? A case of long term control of neck nodal metastasis by radiotherapy]. Otolaryngol Pol 2000; 53:727-9. [PMID: 10763327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nasal cavity melanoma is a rare neoplasm bearing grave prognosis because of rapid development of local failure and/or distant metastases, which are usually fatal. A case of 56 year old woman, who was referred to Maria Skłodowska Memorial Cancer Institute in Gliwice, Poland, for observation after radical maxillectomy because of nasal cavity melanoma is described. After six months of follow-up she developed large isolated lymphatic metastasis in heterolateral subdigastric node. As a result of administering a course of radical radiotherapy (59 Gy in 24 fractions/30 days) complete remission of this lesion was attained. During next 11 years of follow-up neither locoregional recurrence nor distant metastases were observed. The article describes current suggestions, based on Medline literature search, regarding treatment of isolated nodal melanoma recurrence, with particular emphasis on the possible role of radiotherapy in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pysz
- Oddział Radioterapii, Szpital Onkologiczny im. Jana Pawła II w Bielsku-Białej
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11
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Pysz M. [Bacterial infections in cancer patients: what should we treat them with when the result of antibiogram is not yet known?]. Wiad Lek 1998; 51:504-12. [PMID: 10222843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are prone to bacterial infections, which frequently on account of severity require prompt administration of antibiotics--even before the result of antibiogram is known. 500 antibiograms obtained from cultures taken from 307 cancer patients treated in General Hospital no. 2, Bielsko-Biala during 1991-1995 were analyzed. Marked diversity in isolated bacterial strains was found, the dominant pathogens being Gram positive species (mainly Staphylococci and Streptococci, which constituted 46.2% of all isolated strains). The most frequent Gram negative species were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Analysis of antibiotic efficiency suggests that cancer patients in case of infection should be treated empirically as follows: 1. Moderate infection--monotherapy with broad spectrum antibiotic, covering also Gram positive bacteria--such as ciprofloxacin . 2. Severe infection--combination therapy consisting of two antibiotics: one with activity against Gram positive bacteria such as cloxacillin, erythromycin, cefazolin, cephalexin, clindamycin--the other with activity against Gram negative bacteria, such as aminoglycoside (e.g., netilmicin, amikacin) or third generation cephalosporine (e.g., cefotaxime, ceftriaxone).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pysz
- Oddziału Radioterapii Wojewódzkiego Szpitala Zespolonego w Bielsku-Białej
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