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Atif M, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Masilamani V, Saleem MNA, AlShebly M, Farhat K, Hussain I, Alimgeer KS. An experimental and algorithm-based study of the spectral features of breast cancer patients by a photodiagnosis approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101851. [PMID: 32497774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the spectral diagnosis of blood plasma samples of breast cancer patients and an equal number of normal controls was investigated. A set of ratio parameters was acquired by employing SXS and FES. The samples were also analyzed statistically by employing Welch two-sample t-tests, and the effects of three ratio parameters, R1, R2, and R3, were also studied by plotting them against the subject numbers. A linear discriminant was also applied to verify the exact classification of normal control and breast cancer patients. It was observed that the levels of biofluorophores such as porphyrin, NADH, tryptophan and flavins were elevated 2- to 3-fold for breast cancer patients compared to normal controls, with an accuracy of approximately 100 %. We have also confirmed the validity of the obtained experimental results by using an advanced robust diagnostic algorithm. The experimental results of the current study may have a vital and substantial impact on the detection and screening protocols used for future breast cancer patients. The spectral analysis of body fluid could be of great value to add to and enhance the current procedures with an accuracy of approximately 100 % with limited number of samples. The results and objectives of this preliminary study were encouraging and useful for the discrimination of the features of breast cancer patients compared to those of normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - V Masilamani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashael AlShebly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Farhat
- Department of Urology, Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijaz Hussain
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islambad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
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S AlSalhi M, Devanesan S, E AlZahrani K, AlShebly M, Al-Qahtani F, Farhat K, Masilamani V. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Erythrocytes: Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectral Investigations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15112368. [PMID: 30373127 PMCID: PMC6266196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease indicated by high sugar levels in the blood over a prolonged period. When left untreated, it can lead to long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetic retinopathy or foot ulcers. Approximately 415 million people (about 8.3% of the world’s population) had diabetes worldwide in 2015, with 90% of the cases classified as Type 2 DM, which is caused by insulin resistance that arises mostly from being overweight and from a lack of exercise. DM affects every part of the body, including the erythrocytes. The aim of the present report is to gain insight into the damage done to the erythrocytes of patients classified with pre-diabetes and diabetes (plenty are found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country where young people encompass a large segment of the population). The study presents results on the morphological analysis of erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular investigations by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Our results indicate significant differences (in the morphology, size, and hemolytic end products) between the erythrocytes of diabetic patients (HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin, levels of 8–10%) and normal controls. It is well-known that DM and smoking are two major contributory factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and our observations presented in this study suggest that diabetes plays a relatively less damaging role than smoking for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid E AlZahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 1451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mashael AlShebly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Al-Qahtani
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Karim Farhat
- Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vadivel Masilamani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Devanesan S, AlShebly M, Kalaivani R, Sivaji K, Farhat K, AlSalhi MS, AlAtawi M, Rabah D, Masilamani V. Fluorescence Spectral Features of Blood Components of Pregnant Women. CURR SCI INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v113/i03/457-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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